(* Title: HOL/TLA/TLA.thy
Author : Stephan Merz
Copyright : 1998 University of Munich
*)
section java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "macro" is null
theory TLA
imports Init
begin
consts
(** abstract syntax **)
Box :: "('w::world) form ==> temporal"
Dmd :: "('w::world) form ==> temporal"
leadsto :: "['w::world form, 'v::world form] ==> temporal"
Stable :: "stpred ==> temporal"
WF :: "[action, 'a stfun] ==> temporal"
SF :: "[action, 'a stfun] \tfun
(* Quantification over (flexible) state variables *)
EEx :: " ('a stfun<> temporal) ==> ‹
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
(** concrete syntax **)
syntax
"_Box" :: "lift \<Rightarrow" ∀ x. F" <= "_AAll x F sigma"
"_Dmd" :"ift \Rightarrow " (<open( [40 ] 40 )
"_leadsto" :: "[lift,lift] ==>
" stableliftRightarrowlift" (‹ (stable/ _)› )
" _WF": " [liftlift] <Rightarrow (WF'(_')'_(_))› [0 ,60 ] 55 )
"_SF" :: "[lift,lift] ==> lift" (‹ == TEMP ◻
" _ EEx " : : " [ idts , lift ] \ < Rightarrow > lift " ( \ < open > ( 3 \ < exists > \ < exists > _ . / _ ) \ < close > [ 0 , 10 ] 10 )
" _ AAll " : : " [ idts , lift ] \ < Rightarrow > lift " ( \ < open > ( 3 \ < forall > \ < forall > _ . / _ ) \ < close > [ 0 , 10 ] 10 )
translations
" _ Box " = = " CONST Box "
" _ Dmd " = = " CONST Dmd "
" _ leadsto " = = " CONST leadsto "
" _ stable " = = " CONST Stable "
" _ WF " = = " CONST WF "
" _ SF " = = " CONST SF "
" _ EEx v A " = = " Eex v . A "
" _ AAll v A " = = " Aall v . A "
" sigma \ < Turnstile > \ < box > F " < = " _ Box F sigma "
" sigma \ < Turnstile > \ < diamond > F " < = " _ Dmd F sigma "
" sigma \ < Turnstile > F \ < leadsto > G " < = " _ leadsto F G sigma "
" sigma \ < urnstile > stable P " < = " _ stable P sigma "
" sigma \ < Turnstile > WF ( A ) _ v " < = " _ WF A v sigma "
" sigma \ < Turnstile > SF ( A ) _ v " < _ SF A v sigma "
"
" sigma \ < Turnstile > \ < forall > \ < forall > x . F " < = " _ AAll x F sigma "
axiomatization where
(* Definitions of derived operators *)
dmd_def: "∧ F. TEMP ♢ F == TEMP ¬ ◻ ¬ F"
axiomatization where
boxInit: "∧ F. TEMP ◻ F == TEMP ◻ Init F" and
leadsto_def: "\And F \> TEM \box F \longrightarrow d>G)" and
stable_def: "\And >P. ⊨ ◻ P ⟶ Init P`" and
WF_def(A_v ==TEMP◻ ♢
SF_def: "TEMP SF(A)_v == TEMP ◻
aall_def: " TEMP (∀ F x ⟶ ∃ " and
axiomatization where
(* Base axioms for raw TLA. *)
normalT: " ∧ F G. ⊨ ◻ (F ⟶ G) ⟶ (◻ F ⟶ ◻ G)" and (* polymorphic *)
reflT: " ∧ F. ⊨ java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 97 out of bounds for length 97
transT: "∧ F. ⊨ ◻ F ⟶ ◻ ◻ F" and (* polymorphic *) allT, symmetric
linT: "∧ F G. ⊨
T\F ♢ F)) ⟶ ◻ F)" and
primeI: "∧ P. ⊨ ◻ P ⟶ Init P`" and
primeE< \ (F\longrightarrow > ◻ F)" and
indT: " ∧ P F. ⊨ ◻ ¬ F ⟶ P` ∧ Init>◻
allT: "∧ F. ⊨ (∀ x. ◻ (F x)) = (◻ (∀
axiomatization where
ecT " <And >F. ⊨ ⊨ F" (* polymorphic *)
axiomatization where
(* Flexible quantification: refinement mappings, history variables *)done
eexI: " ⊨
eexE: "[
(∧ turnstile> \\ <box>F ∧ ♢ G ⟶ ♢ (◻ F ∧ G)"
] ==> G sigma" and
history: " ⊨ ∃ ∃ h. Init(h = ha) ∧ ◻ (∀ x. $h = #x ⟶ h` = hb x)"
(* Specialize intensional introduction/elimination rules for temporal formulas *)unfold dmd_def)
lemmatempI[int!]: " (<>. ⊨
apply (rule intI)
apply (erule meta_spec)
done
lemma tempD [dest]: "⊨ (F::ox
by (erule intD)
(* ======== Functions to "unlift" temporal theorems ====== *)
ML ‹
(* The following functions are specialized versions of the corresponding
functions defi in theory Intensional in that they introduce a
" " parameter of type "behavior".
*)
fun temp_unlift ctxt th =
(rewrite_rule ctxt @{thms action_rews} (th RS @{thm tempD}))
handle THM _ => action_unlift ctxt th;
(* Turn \<turnstile> F = G into meta-level rewrite rule F == G *)
val = int_rewrite
fun temp_use ctxt th =
case Thm .concl_of th
Const _ $ (Const (<^ F ∧ ♢
((flatten (temp_unlift unfold)
| _ => th;
fun try_rewrite
›
attribute_setup
‹
attribute_setup temp_rewrite =
\ < open > Scan . succeed ( Thm . rule_attribute [ ] ( temp_rewrite o Context . proof_of ) ) \ < close >
attribute_setup temp_use =
\ < open > Scan . succeed ( Thm . rule_attribute [ ] ( temp_use o Context . proof_of ) ) \ < close >
attribute_setup try_rewrite =
\ < open > Scan . succeed ( Thm . rule_attribute [ ] ( try_rewrite o Context . proof_of ) ) < close >
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(*** "Simple temporal logic": only \<box> and \<diamond> ***)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
section "Simple temporal logic"
(* \<box>\<not>F == \<box>\<not>Init F *)
lemmas boxNotInit = boxInit [of "LIFT ¬ F" , unfolded Init_simps] for F
lemma dmdInit: "TEMP ♢ F == TEMP ♢ Init F"
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply (unfold boxInit [of "LIFT ¬ F" ])
apply (simp) add Init_simps)
done
lemmas = dmdInit " ¬
(* boxInit and dmdInit cannot be used as rewrites, because they loop.
Non-looping instances for state predicates and actions are occasionally useful.
*)
lemmas boxInit_stp = boxInit [whapply (rle Boxm)
lemmas boxInit_act = boxInit [where 'a = " statemdImplE
lemmas dmdInit_stp apply o
lemmas dmdInit_actapply rulejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 33
(* The symmetric equations can be used to get rid of Init *)
lemmas
lemmas dmdInitD = dmdInit [symmetric]
lemmas boxNotInitD = boxNotInit [symmetric]
lemmas dmdNotInitD = dmdNotInit [symmetric]
lemmas Init_simps = Init_simps boxInitD dmdInitD boxNotInitD dmdNotInitD
(* ------------------------ STL2 ------------------------------------------- *)
lemmas STL2 = reflT
(* The "polymorphic" (generic) variant *)
lemma STL2_gen: "⊨ ◻ F ⟶ Init F"
apply (unfold boxInit [of F])
apply (rule STL2)
done
(* see also STL2_pr below: "\<turnstile> \<box>P \<longrightarrow> Init P & Init (P`)" *)
(* Dual versions for \<diamond> *)
lemma InitDmd: java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 17
apply (unfold
apply (auto dest!: STL2 [temp_use]lemmas temp_simpsewrite dConst
done
lemma InitDmd_gen
apply clarsimp
apply (drule InitDmd [temp_use])
apply ( add: dmdInitD
done
(* ------------------------ STL3 ------------------------------------------- *) : "<(<>\> >\<>F)"
lemma STL3: "⊨ (◻ ◻ F) = (◻ b (simp add: md_def)
by (auto elim:le NotDmd: " <> ♢ ¬
(* corresponding elimination rule introduces double boxes:by ( mp d d_def
\ < lbrakk > ( sigma \ < Turnstile > \ < box > F ) ; ( sigma (
*)
lemmas dup_boxE = STL3 [temp_unlift, THEN iffD2, elim_format]
lemmas dup_boxD = STL3 [temp_unlift, THEN iffD1 STL3iterewriteewriterewrite
(* dual versions for \<diamond> *) \diamond *)
lemma DmdDmd: "⊨
by (auto simp add: dmd_def [try_rewrite] STL
lemmas dup_ddE = DmdDmd [temp_unlift, THEN iffD2, elim_format]
lemmas dup_dmdD = DmdDmd [temp_unlift, THEN iffD1]
(* ------------------------ STL4 ------------------------------------------- *) au dest!: STL2 [temp_use])
lemma STL4:
assumes " <>F<> Gjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 46 out of bounds for length 46
shows "⊨ F ⟶ ◻
apply clarsimp
apply (rule normalT [temp_use])
apply (rule assms [TH apply(eln)
apply assumption
done
(* Unlifted version as an elimination rule *)
lemma STL4E: " <lbrakkion
apply
lemma <> Init\Longrightarrow <turnstile◻ F ⟶ ◻
apply (drule STL4
apply (simp add: boxInitD)
done
lemma STL4E_gen: "[
by (erule (1) STL4_gen [temp_use])
(* see also STL4Edup below, which allows an auxiliary boxed formula:
◻
--
◻ A /
*)
(* The dual versions for \<diamond> *)
lemma DmdImpl:
pe:" turnstile ⟶
shows "
lemma:An>sigma. \<> F \<G (F ∨
apply (fastforce intro!: prem [temp_use] elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma DmdImplE: " <ce[
by (erule (1 ) DmdImpl [temp_use])
(* ------------------------ STL5 ------------------------------------------- *)
lemma STL5d ore_temp_simps2
apply auto
apply ubgoal_tac <> (F ∧
apply (erule normalT [temp_use])
apply (fastforce elim!: STL4E [temp_use])+
done
(* rewrite rule to split conjunctions under boxes *)
lemmas split_box_conj = STL5 [temp_unlift, symmetric]
(* the corresponding elimination rule allows to combine boxes in the hypotheses
( NB : F and G must have the same type , i . e . , both actions or temporals . )
Use " addSE2 " etc . if you want to add this to aset et herwise will ll loop
*)
lemma box_conjE:
assumes java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "macro" is null
di_c)
and " sigmaapply )
shows STL2_pr[_]
by (rule assms STL5 [temp_unlift, THEN iffD1] conjI)+
(* Instances of box_conjE for state predicates, actions, and temporals
in case the general rule is " too polymorphic " .
*)
lemmas box_conjE_temp = box_conjE [where 'a = behavior]
lemmas box_conjE_stp = box_conjE [where 'a = state]
lemmas = box_conjE[where 'a = state]
(* Define a tactic that tries to merge all boxes in an antecedent. The definition is
a bit kludgy in order to simulate " double elim - resolution " .
*)
lemma box_thin: "[
ML ‹ P)"
fun merge_box_tac ctxt i =
REPEAT_DETERM (EVERY [eresolve_tac ctxctxt @{thms box_conjE} i, assum ctxt i,
eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms box_thin} i])
fun merge_temp_box_tac ctxt i =
REPEAT_DETERM (EVERY [eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms box_conjE_temp} i, assume_tac ctxt i,
Rule_Insts.eres_inst_tac ctxt [(((" a", 0), Position.none), "behavior")] [] @{thm box_thin} i])
merge_stp_box_tac ctxt i =
REPEAT_DETERM (EVERY [eresolve_tac ctx
Rule_Insts.eres_inst_tac ctxt [((("'a", 0), Position.none), "state")] [] @{thm box_thin} i])
merge_act_box_tac ctxt i =
REPEAT_DETERM (EVERY [eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms box_conjE_act} i, assume_tac ctxt i,
Rule_Insts.eres_inst_tac ctxt [((("'a", 0), Position.none), "state * state")] [] @{thm box_thin
›
method_setup merge_box = ‹ Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD' o merge_box_tac)›
method_setup merge_temp_box = ‹ Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD' o merge_temp_box_tac)›
method_setup merge_stp_box = ‹ Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD' o merge_stp_box_tac)›
ct_box = ‹
(sigma \<Turnstile)
*)
lemmas all_box = <> P)"
a D: " <turnstile \or > G)=(<diamond>F ∨ ♢ G)"
apply (auto simp add: dmd_def split_box_conj [try_rewrite])
apply (erule contrapos_np, merge_box, fastforce elim!: STL4E [temp_use])+
done
lemma exT: " ⊨ (∃ x. ♢ (F x)) = (♢ (∃ x. F x))"
by (auto simp: dmd_ef Not_ [try_] all_box [try_rewrite])
lemmas ex_dmd = exT [temp_unlift, symmetric]
lemma STL4Edup: " ∧
apply (erule)
apply merge_box
apply
apply assumption
done
lemma DmdImpl2:
"∧ sigma. [ sigma ⊨ ♢
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply auto
apply (erule notE)
apply merge_box
apply (fastforce elim!: STL4E
done
lemma InfImpl:
assumes 1: " sigma ⊨ ◻ ♢ F"
and 2: " sigma < "able_def
and 3 : "⊨ F ∧
showslemma Stabl: " <lbrakk sigma ⊨ A; ⊨ A ⟶ P<> <Longrightarrow stable P"
apply (insert 1 2)
up_boxE
apply merge_box
apply (fastforce elim!: STL4E [temp_use] DmdImpl2 [temp_use] intro!: 3 [temp_use])
done
(* ------------------------ STL6 ------------------------------------------- *)
(* Used in the proof of STL6, but useful in itself. *)
lemma BoxDmd: " ⊨
apply dmd_def
apply clarsimp
apply (erule dup_boxE)
apply merge_box
apply ( contrapos_np
apply (fastforce
done
(* weaker than BoxDmd, but more polymorphic (and often just right) *)
lemma BoxDmd_simple: "⊨ ◻ F ∧ add: dmdInitD)
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply clarsimp
apply merge_box
apply (fastforce elim!: notE STL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma BoxDmd2_simple: " ⊨ ◻ F ∧ ♢ G ⟶ ♢ (G ∧ F)"
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply clarsimp
apply merge_box
apply (fastforce elim!: notE STL4E [temp_use])
done
DmdImpldup:
assumes 1: " sigma java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "brackoff" is null
and 2 : "sigma ⊨ ♢ F"
and 3 : "⊨ ◻ A ∧ F ⟶ G"
shows "sigma ⊨ ♢ G"
apply (rule 2 [THEN 1 [THEN BoxDmd [temp_use]], THEN late
apply (rule auto_inv_tac ctxt
done
lemma STL6:"\> ◻ <nd> \diamond >◻ G \\ <box>(F \> G)"
apply (auto simp: STL5 Init_stp@thm }]) [] @thm }])))java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 82 out of bounds for length 82
apply (drule linT [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply (erule thin_rl)
apply (ruleDmdDmd,THEN ])
apply (erule disjE)
apply (erule DmdImplE)
apply (rule BoxDmd)
apply (erule DmdImplE)
apply auto
apply (drule BoxDmd [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply (erule thin_rl)
apply (fastforce elim!: DmdImplE [temp_use])
done
(* ------------------------ True / False ----------------------------------------- *) Clasimp> (K(SIMPLE_METHOD))
section "Simplification of constants"
lemma BoxConst: "⊨
apply (rule tempI)
apply (cases P)
apply (auto intro!: necT [temp_use] dest: STL2_gen [temp_use] simp: Init_simps)
done
lemma DmdConst: " ⊨ turnstile> ◻ `∨ <>
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply (cases P)
apply (simp_all add: BoxConst [try_rewrite])
done
lemmas temp_simps [temp_rewrite, simp] = BoxConst DmdConst
(* ------------------------ Further rewrites ----------------------------------------- *)
section "Further rew"
lemma NotBox: "⊨ (¬ ◻ F) = (♢
by (simp add: dmd_def)
lemma NotDmd: " ⊨ (¬ ♢ F) = (◻ ¬
by (java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
(* These are not declared by default, because they could be harmful,
e.g. \<box>F & \<not>\<box>F becomes \<box>F & \<diamond>\<not>F !! *)
lemmas more_temp_simps1 =
STL3 [temp_rewriteDmde tBoxtete
NotBox [temp_unlift, THEN eq_reflection]
NotDmd [temp_unlift, THEN eq_reflection
lemma BoxDmdBox: "⊨
apply (auto dest!: STL2 [temp_use])
apply (rule ccontr)
apply (subgoal_tac " sigma ⊨ ♢ ◻ dmd_def [temp_rewrite
apply (erule thin_rl)
apply auto
apply (drule STL6 [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply simp
apply (simp_all add: more_temp_simps1)
done
DmdBoxDmd\turnstile > (<>\♢
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply (auto simp: BoxDmdBox [unfolded dmd_def, try_rewrite])
done
lemmas more_temp_simps2 = more_temp_simps1 BoxDmdBox [temp_rewritelemma InfinitePrime<turnstile (<ox\
(* ------------------------ Miscellaneous ----------------------------------- *)
lemma BoxOr: "∧ temp_use] TLA2E [temp_use])
by (fastforce elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
(* "persistently implies infinitely often" *)
lemma DBImplBD: " ⊨ ♢ orcemp_use
apply clarsimp
apply (rule ccontr)
apply (simp add: more_temp_simps2)
apply (drule STL6 [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply simp
done
lemma BoxDmdDmdBox: "⊨ r
apply clarsimp
apply (rule ccontr)
apply (unfold more_temp_simps2)
apply (drule STL6 [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply (subgoal_tac " sigma ⊨ ♢
apply (force simp: dmd_def)
apply (fastforce elim: DmdImplE [temp_use] STL4E [temp_use])
done
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(*** TLA-specific theorems: primed formulas ***)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
section "priming"
(* ------------------------ TLA2 ------------------------------------------- *)
lemma STL2_pr: "⊨ ◻ P ⟶
by (fastforce intro!: STL2_gen [temp_use] primeI [temp_use])
(* Auxiliary lemma allows priming of boxed actions *)
lemma BoxPrime: " java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "brackoff" is null
apply clarsimp
apply (erule dup_boxE)
apply (unfold boxInit_act)
apply (erule
apply (auto simp: Init_simps dest!: STL2_pr [temp_use
done
lemma TLA2:
assumes "⊨ $P ∧ P$ ⟶ A"
shows "⊨ ◻ P ⟶ ◻ A"
apply clarsimp
apply (drule BoxPrime [temp_use])
apply (auto simp: Init_stp_act_rev [try_rewrite] intro!: assms [temp_use]
elim!: STL4E [temp_use
lemmas more_temp_simps more_temp_simps3 WF_Box [temp_rewrite [temp_rewrite]
lemma TLA2E: "\ <tu> SF(A)_v ⟶
by (erule (1) TLA2 [temp_use])
lemma DmdPrime: " ⊨
apply (unfold dmd_def)
apply (fastforce!: TLA2E[emp_use
done
imeDmd= InitDmd_gen [temp_use, THEN DmdPrime [temp_use]]
(* ------------------------ INV1, stable --------------------------------------- *) ctxt =
section "stable, invariant"
lemma ind_rule:
"[ sigma ⊨
==> sigma ⊨
apply (rle indT [temp_use]) java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 30
apply (erule (2) STL4E)
done
lemma box_stp_act: " ⊨ >(Init F) ∧ (F <eadsto
by (simp add: boxInit_act Init_simps)
lemmas box_stp_actI = box_stp_act [temp_use, THEN iffD2]
lemmas box_stp_actD = box_stp_act streett_leadsto<> (<>\><diamond>G) = (♢ >G))"
lemmas more_temp_simps3 = box_stp_act [temp_rewrite] apply ((unfold leadsto_def)
lemma INV1:
" ⊨ )
apply (unfold stable_def boxInit_stp boxInit_act)
apply clarsimp
apply (erule ind_rule)
apply (auto simp: Init_simps elim: ind_rule)
done
lemma StableT:
"\apply
apply (unfold stable_def)
]
done
lemma Stable: " [ sigma\turnstile \box ><>F ∧ G) ⟶ ◻ G"
by (erule (1) StableT [temp_use])
(* Generalization of INV1 *)
lemma StableBox: " ⊨ done
apply (unfold stable_def)
apply clarsimp
apply (erule dup_boxE)
apply ( simp STL4E[])
done
lemma DmdStable: "⊨ (stable P) ∧ ♢ P ⟶ ♢ ◻ P"
apply clarsimp
apply (rule DmdImpl2)
prefer 2
apply *)
apply (simp add: dmdInitD)
done
(* ---------------- (Semi-)automatic invariant tactics ---------------------- *)
ML ‹
(* inv_tac reduces goals of the form ... \<Longrightarrow> sigma \<Turnstile> \<box>P *)
fun inv_tac ctxt =
SELECT_GOAL
(EVERY
[auto_tac ctxt,
TRY (merge_box_tac ctxt 1 ),
resolve_tactemp_use1 } 1 * fail ot
TRYALL (eresolve_tac ctxt @{thms Stable})]);
(* auto_inv_tac applies inv_tac and then tries to attack the subgoals
in simple cases it may be able to handle goals like \ < turnstile > MyProg \ < longrightarrow > \ < box > Inv .
In \ < box > I \ < longrightarrow < leadsto > Q ) = ( P / \ < leadsto > Q ) )
auto - tactic , which applies too much propositional logic and simplifies
too late .
*)
fun auto_inv_tac ctxt =
SELECT_GOAL
(inv_tac ctxt 1 THEN
(TRYALL (action_simp_tac
(ctxt addsimps [@{thm Init_stp}, @{thm Init_act}]) [] [@{thm squareE}])));
›
method_setup invariant = ‹ dmd
Method . sections Clasimp . clasimp_modifiers > > ( K ( SIMPLE_METHOD ' o inv_tac ) )
\ < close >
method_setup auto_invariant = \ < open >
Method . sections Clasimp . clasimp_modifiers > > ( K ( SIMPLE_METHOD ' o auto_inv_tac ) )
\ < close >
lemma unless : " \ < turnstile > \ < box > ( $ P \ < longrightarrow > P ` \ < or > Q ` ) \ < longrightarrow > ( stable P ) done
apply ( unfold dmd_def )
apply ( clarsimp dest ! : BoxPrime [ temp_use ] )
apply merge_box
apply ( erule contrapos_np )
apply ( fastforce elim ! : Stable [ temp_use ] )
one
(* --------------------- Recursive expansions --------------------------------------- *)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 32 out of bounds for length 30
(* Recursive expansions of \<box> and \<diamond> for state predicates *)
lemma BoxRec: "⊨ (◻ P) = (Ini by (aut (auto simp: Init_def intro!: ImplLeadsto_gen [temp_use] necT [temp_use])
apply (auto intro!: STL2_gen [temp_use])
apply fastforce elim!: TLA2E [temp_use])
apply (auto si: stable_def elim!: INV1 [temp_use] STL4E [te])
done
lemma DmdRec: " ⊨ )
apply unfold BoxRec])
apply (auto simp: Init_simps)
done
lemma DmdRec2: "∧
apply (force simp: DmdRec [temp_rewrite] dmd_def)
done
lemma InfinitePrime: " java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "brackoff" is null
apply auto
apply ( classical
shows "<\box ◻ P ⟶ A) ⟶ Q)"
apply (subgoal_tacsigma ♢ P")
apply (fastforce elim!: DmdImplE [temp_use] TLA2E [temp_use])
apply (subgoal_tac " sigma <applyule
apply orce
!emp_usep_use
apply (force intro!: STL6 [temp_use] simp: more_temp_simps3)
apply (fastforce intro: DmdPrimeelim
done
lemma InfiniteEnsures:
"[ ⊨ N ⟶ Q`;
apply (unfold InfinitePrime [temp])
apply (rule InfImpl)
+
done
(* ------------------------ fairness ------------------------------------------- *)
section " fairness
(* alternative definitions of fairness *)
lemma WF_alt: "\< : ◻ P; sigma ⊨ A; ⊨ $P ⟶ Q` ] ==> ◻ Q"
unfold)
apply fastforce
done
lemma SF_alt
apply
apply fastforce
done
(* theorems to "box" fairness conditions *)
lemma BoxWFI: "⊨ <>WF(A)_v"
by (auto simp unfold
lemma WF_Box: "⊨
by (fastforce intro!: BoxWFI [temp_use] dest!: STL2 [l Lattic: " turnstileleadstoH) ∧ (F ↝ G) ⟶ <eadstoH)"
lemma BoxSFI: " ⊨ boxE<box◻ H) *)
by (auto simp: SF_alt [try_rewrite] more_temp_simps3 intro!: BoxOr
lemma SF_Box: "⊨ (◻ SF(A)_ apply (rule dudup_dd)
by (fastforce intro!: BoxSFI [temp_us] dest!: STL2 [temp_use])
lemmas more_temp_simps = more_temp_simps3 WF_Box [temp_rewrite] SF_B [temp_rewrite]
lemma SFImplWF: " ⊨ >WF(A)_v"
apply (unfold SF_def WF_def)
apply (fastforce dest!: !: DBImplBD [temp_use])
done
(* A tactic that "boxes" all fairness conditions. Apply more_temp_simps to "unbox". *)
ML ‹
fun box_fair_tac ctxt =
SELECT_GOAL (REPEAT (dresolve_tac ctxt [@{thm BoxWFI}, @{thm BoxSFI}] 1))
\<close>
(* ------------------------------ leads-to ------------------------------ *)
section " ↝ "
leadsto_init: "⊨ (Ilapply(auto si: Init_simps elim!: STL4E [temp_use]])
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply (auto
done
(* \<turnstile> F & (F \<leadsto> G) \<longrightarrow> \<diamond>G *)
lemmas leadsto_init_temp = leadsto_init [where 'a = behavior, unfolded Init_simps]
lemma streett_leadsto: "⊨ (◻
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply auto
apply (simp add: more_temp_simps)
apply (fastforce elim!: DmdImplE [temp_use] STL4E [temp_use])
apply (fastforce intro!: InitDmd [temp_use] elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
apply (subgoal_tac " ⊨ ♢ G")
apply (simp add: more_temp_simps)
apply (drule BoxDmdDmdBox [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply (fastforce elim!: DmdImplE [temp_use] STL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma leadsto_infinite: " ⊨
apply clarsimp
apply (eruletDmdett_leadsto HEN)
apply (simp add: dmdInitD)
done
(* In particular, strong fairness is a Streett condition. The following
rules are sometimes easier to use than WF2 or SF2 below .
*)
lemma leadsto_SF: "⊨ (Enabled(< clri
apply (unfold SF_def)
apply (clarsimp elim!: leadsto_in [tem
done
lemmaleadsto_WF: " <>( WF(A)v"
by (clarsimp intro!: SFImplWF [temp_use] leadsto_SF [temp_use])
(* introduce an invariant into the proof of a leadsto assertion.
\> ((P ↝ l> Q))
*)
lemma INV_leadsto: " ⊨ ◻
apply (unfold
apply clarsimp
apply (erule STL4Edup)
apply assumption
apply (auto
done
lemma leadsto_classical: "\turnstile Init F ∧ ¬ <> G) <long> (F \<>
apply (unfold leadsto_def dmd_def)
apply (force simp: Init_simps elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma leadsto_false: " ⊨
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply (simp add: boxNotInitD)
done
lemma leadsto_exists: "\> (\exists >x. F x) \<leadsto x. (F x ↝
apply ufol eds_e)
apply (auto simp: allT [try_rewrite] Init_simps elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
done
(* basic leadsto properties, cf. Unity *)
lemma ImplLeadsto_gen: " ⊨ java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "brackoff" is null
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply (auto intro!: InitDmd_gen [temp_useo
elim! STL4E_gen [temp_use: Init_simps
done
lemmas ImplLeadsto =
ImplLeadsto_gen =havioror]
emmaAnd G. ⊨ F ⟶ Longrightarrow⊨ F ↝
by t_defemp_use
lemma EnsuresLeadsto:
assumes "⊨ (rue2[HENDdIml em_s])
shows " ⊨ ◻ A ⟶ (P ↝ Q)"
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply (clarsimp elim!: INV_leadsto [temp_use])
apply (erule STL4E_gen)
apply (auto simp: Init_defs intrapply ( (ul lasical
done (rule STL [tem_se]
lemma EnsuresLeadsto2: " ⊨
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply clarsimp
apply (apply erule
apply (auto simp: Init_simps introDmd
done
lemma ensures:
assumes 1 : "⊨ ($P ∧ \and Q`;
and 2: " ⊨ ◻ ◻ ◻ longrightarrow ♢ (<A>_v)]
shows "⊨ ◻ N ∧ ◻ (◻ P ⟶ ♢ A) ⟶ (P ↝ Q)"
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply clarsimp
apply (erule STL4Edup)
apply assumption
apply clarsimp
apply (subgoal_tac "sigmaa ⊨ ◻ dup_boxE
apply (drule unless [temp_use])
apply (clarsimp dest!: INV1 [temp_use])
apply (rule 2 [THEN DmdImpl, temp_use, THEN DmdPrime [temp_use]])
apply (force intro!: BoxDmd_simp [temp_use]
simp: split_box_conj [try_rewrite] box_stp_act [try_rewrite])
apply (force elim: STL4E [temp_use] dest: 1 [temp_use])
done
ensures_simple:
" [ turnstile$P ∧ P` ∧ <N ∧ A>_f ⟶ B"
⊨ ($P ∧ N) ∧ > PP ∧ Enabled(<M>_g) ⟶ _f)
] ⊨ N ∧ ◻ A ⟶ (P \<leadsto
apply clarsimp
apply (erule (2) ensures [temp_use])
apply (force elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
lemma EnsuresInfinite:
\> T> ◻ P; sigma \<urnstile
leadsto_infinite [temp_use])
apply (erule EnsuresLeadsto [temp_use])
apply assumption
done
(*** Gronning's lattice rules (taken from TLP) ***)
section " Lattice rulesoxDmd_simpleDmdDmdte
lemma LatticeReflexivity: "⊨ F ↝ F"
apply (unfold leadsto_def (e4 p_use
apply (rulele
done
lemma LatticeTransitivity\turnstile > (G ↝ G) ⟶ H)"
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply clar
apply (erule dup_boxE) (* ◻ apply (drule BoxWFI [temp_use])
apply merge_box
apply (clarsimp elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
apply (rule dup_dmdD)
apply (subgoal_tac " sigmaa ♢ Init G"
apply (erule DmdImpl2)
apply assumption
apply (simp add: dmdInitD)
done
lemma LatticeDisjunctionElim1: " ⊨ (F ∨ G ↝ H) <longrightarrow
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply (auto nit_simps elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma eDisjunctionElim2⊨ (F ∨ leadsto H ⟶ (G ↝ H)"
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply (auto simp: Init_simps elim!: STL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma LatticeDisjunctionIntro: " ⊨ (F ↝ H) ∧ (G ↝ H) ⟶ 1 "⊨ <B>_f ⟶ <M>_g"
apply (unfold leadsto_def)
apply clarsimp
apply merge_box
apply (auto simpInit_simps elimSTL4E [temp_use])
done
lemma LatticeDisjunction: "⊨ (F ∨ G ↝ H) = ((F ↝ H) ∧ (G ↝ H))"
by (auto intro: LatticeDisjunctionIntro [temp_use]
LatticeDisjunctionElim1 [temp_use]
LatticeDisjunctionElim2 [temp_use])
lemma LatticeDiamond: "⊨ ◻ SF(A)_f ∧ F ⟶ M)_g"
apply clarsimp
apply (subgoal_tac "sigma ⊨ (B ∨ C) ↝ (cl dest!: BoxSFI [temp_use] si: 2 [try_ SF_ [where A = M])
apply (erule_tac G = " LIFT (B ∨
apply (fastforce intro!:apply merge_temp_box
done
lemma :<> (B ↝ longrightarrow (A ↝
apply clarsimp
apply (subgoal_tac "sigma ⊨ (D ∨ apply ((rule classclassical)
apply (erule_tac G = " LIFT (D ∨ LatticeTransitivity [])
assumption
apply (auto intro: LatticeDisjunctionIntro [temp_use] LatticeReflexivity ( BoxDmd_simple [THEN DmdImpl DmdDmdtemp_rewrite], temp_use
lemma LatticeTriangle2: "⊨ a (frul 4 [temp_use])
apply clarsimp
apply (subgoal_tac " sigma (erule_tac V = "sigmaa <> ◻
_G " LIFT<>
apply
apply (auto intro: LatticeDisjunctionIntro [temp_use (rule_tacN<>
done
(*** Lamport's fairness rules ***)
section "Fairness rules"
lemma WF1:
"[ F_Box [try_rewrite] box_stp_act [try_rewrite])
\turnstile and> N) <and <A>_v ⟶ Q`;
⊨ $P ∧ N ⟶ $(Enabled(<A>_v)) ] rule STL2 [temp_use])
==> ⊨ ◻ [t intro!: 3 [temp])
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
apply (erule (2) ensures [temp_use])
apply (erule (1) STL4Edup)
apply (clarsimp simp: WF_def)
apply (rule STL2 [temp_use])
apply (clarsimp elim!: mp intro!: InitDmd [temp_use])
apply (erule STL4 [temp_use, THEN box_stp_actD [temp_use]])
apply (simp add: split_box_conj box_stp_actI)
done
(* Sometimes easier to use; designed for action B rather than state predicate Q *)
lemma WF_leadsto:
assumes 1: " ⊨ LatticeTriangletemp_use]
and rule
and 3 : "⊨ ◻ (N ∧ [¬ : leadsto_ex [try_rewrite])
shows " ⊨ ◻
( leadsto_def
apply (clarsimp dest!: BoxWFI [temp_use])
apply (erule (1 ) STL4Edup)
apply clarsimp
apply (rule 2 [THEN DmdImpl, temp_use])
apply ( BoxDmd_simpletemp_use
apply assumption
apply (rule classical)
apply (rule STL2 [temp_use])
apply (clarsimp simp: WF_def elim!: mp intro!: InitDmd [temp_use])
apply (rule 1 [THEN STL4, temp_use, THEN box_stp_actD])apply (le,HEN
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add clarsimpy_rewritee]_uare[ry_rewrite
apply (erule INV1 [temp_use])
apply (rule 3 [temp_use])
apply (simp add: split_box_conj [try_rewrite
done
lemma SF1:
"\
⊨
⊨ ◻
\\ >box>\<>(♢ #r>_v"
apply (clarsimp dest java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 16 out of bounds for length 16
apply (erule (2 ) ensures [temp_use])
apply erule_tacin )
apply merge_temp_box
apply (erule STL4Edup)
apply assumption
apply (clarsimp simp: SF_def)
apply (ruleapply force
apply (erule (eSTL4E
apply (erule STL4 [temp_use])
apply (simp add: split_box_conj [try_rewrite] STL3 [try_rewrite])
done
lemma WF2:
assumes 1 : "⊨ N ∧
\> $ \and P \> < A>_f \longrightarrow
and 3: " ⊨
and 4 : "⊨ (N ∧ [\not _f) \and WF(AA)_f ∧ ◻ F ∧ ♢ Enabled(<M>_g) ⟶ ◻ P"
shows "⊨ ◻ N ∧ WF(A)_f ∧ ◻ erule thin_rl)
apply (clarsimp dest!: BoxWFI [temp_use] BoxDmdBox [temp_use, THEN iffD2]
simp: WF_def [where A = M])
apply (erule_tac F = F in dup_boxE)
apply merge_temp_box
apply (erule STL4Edup)
apply assumption
apply (clarsim intro!: !: BoxDmd_simple[temp_use, THEN 1 [THEN DmdImpl temp_use]])
apply (rule classical)
apply (subgoal_tac " sigmaa ⊨
apply (force simp: angle_def intro!: 2 [temp_use] elim!: DmdImplE [temp_use])
apply (rule BoxDmd_simple [THEN DmdImpl, unfolded DmdDmd [temp_rewrite](
apply simp: NotDmd] not_angle])
apply merge_act_box
apply (frule 4 [temp_use])
apply assumption+
apply (drule STL6 [temp_use])
pplyion
apply (erule_tac V = "sigmaa ⊨ ♢ ◻ P shows" <> (∀ x. F x)"
apply (erule_tac V = " sigmaa
apply lemma aallE\turnstile >(<>\
apply (erule_tac F = "ACT N \apply
apply merge_temp_box
apply (erule DmdImpldup)
apply assumption
apply (auto simp: split_box_conj [try_rewrite] STL3 [try_rewrite]
WF_Box [try_rewrite] box_stp_act [try_rewrite])
apply (force elim!: TLA2E [where P = P, temp_use])
apply (rule STL2 [temp_use])
apply (force simp: WF_def split_box_conj [try_rewrite]
elim!: mp intassumes 1 sigma \Turnstile ∃ x. F x"
done
lemma SF2:
assumes 1 : "⊨ ∃ >x. G x"
and 2 : "⊨ rule unitbase [THEN 1 [THEN eexE]])
and 3: " <> longrightarrow> Enabled(<A>_f)"
and 4: " ⊨ ◻ (N ∧ [¬ B]_f) ∧ SF(A)_f ∧ ◻ F ∧ ◻ ♢ Enabledapply erule 2 , THEN mp]
shows "⊨ aall_mono:
apply (clarsimp dest!: BoxSFI [temp_use] simp: 2 [try_rewrite] SF_def [hre A M])
apply (erule_tac F = F in dup_boxE)
apply (erule_tac F = " TEMP <diamondEnabled
apply merge_temp_box
apply (erule STL4Edup)
apply assumption
apply (clarsimp!: BoxDmd_simple,THEN THEN , temp_use
rule)
apply (subgoal_tac "sigmaa \<(ule Init I"
apply (force simp: angle_def intro!: 2 [temp_useand sigmaTurnstile◻ N"
apply (rule BoxDmd_simple [THEN DmdImpl nd 3: " vs"
apply (simp add: NotDmd [temp_use] not_angle [try_rewrite])
apply merge_act_box
apply (frule 4 [temp_use])
apply assumption+
apply (erule_tac V = " sigmaa> ◻ in
apply (drule BoxSFI [temp_use])
apply (erule_tac "EMP <>Enabled (<M>_g)" in up_boxE
apply (erule_tac F = "ACT N ∧ [¬
apply merge_temp_box
apply (erule DmdImpldup)
apply assumption
apply(rue ojI)
SF_Box [try_rewrite] box_stp_act [try_rewrite])
apply (force elim!: TLA2E [where P = P, temp_use])
apply (rule STL2 [temp_use])
apply (force simp: SF_def split_box_conj [try_rewrite]
elim!: mp InfImpl [temp_use] intro!: 3 [temp_use])
done
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(*** Liveness proofs by well-founded orderings ***)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
section " Well-founded orderings"
lemma wf_leadsto:
assumes 1: " wfr"
and 2: " ∧ tempI
shows <Turnstile> F xjava.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.equals(Object)" because "brackoff" is null
apply (rule 1 [THEN wf_induct])
apply (rule LatticeTriangle [temp_use])
apply (rule 2 )
apply (auto simp: leadsto_exists [try_rewrite])
apply (case_tac "(y,x) ∈ r" )
apply force
apply (force simp: leadsto_def Init_simps intro!: necT [temp_use])
done
(* If r is well-founded, state function v cannot decrease forever *)
lemma wf_not_box_decrease: "∧ r. wf r ==> ⊨ ◻ [ (v`, $v) ∈ #r ]_v ⟶ ♢ ◻ [#False]_v"
apply clarsimp
apply (rule ccontr)
apply (subgoal_tac "sigma ⊨ (∃ x. v=#x) ↝ #False" )
apply (drule leadsto_false [temp_use, THEN iffD1, THEN STL2_gen [temp_use]])
apply (force simp: Init_defs)
apply (clarsimp simp: leadsto_exists [try_rewrite] not_square [try_rewrite] more_temp_simps)
apply (erule wf_leadsto)
apply (rule ensures_simple [temp_use])
apply (auto simp: square_def angle_def)
done
(* "wf r \<Longrightarrow> \<turnstile> \<diamond>\<box>[ (v`, $v) : #r ]_v \<longrightarrow> \<diamond>\<box>[#False]_v" *)
lemmas wf_not_dmd_box_decrease =
wf_not_box_decrease [THEN DmdImpl, unfolded more_temp_simps]
(* If there are infinitely many steps where v decreases, then there
have to be infinitely many non - stuttering steps where v doesn ' t decrease .
*)
lemma wf_box_dmd_decrease:
assumes 1 : "wf r"
shows "⊨ ◻ ♢ ((v`, $v) ∈ #r) ⟶ ◻ ♢ <(v`, $v) ∉ #r>_v"
apply clarsimp
apply (rule ccontr)
apply (simp add: not_angle [try_rewrite] more_temp_simps)
apply (drule 1 [THEN wf_not_dmd_box_decrease [temp_use]])
apply (drule BoxDmdDmdBox [temp_use])
apply assumption
apply (subgoal_tac "sigma ⊨ ◻ ♢ ((#False) ::action)" )
apply force
apply (erule STL4E)
apply (rule DmdImpl)
apply (force intro: 1 [THEN wf_irrefl, temp_use])
done
(* In particular, for natural numbers, if n decreases infinitely often
then it has to increase infinitely often .
*)
lemma nat_box_dmd_decrease: "∧ n::nat stfun. ⊨ ◻ ♢ (n` < $n) ⟶ ◻ ♢ ($n < n`)"
apply clarsimp
apply (subgoal_tac "sigma ⊨ ◻ ♢ <¬ ((n`,$n) ∈ #less_than)>_n" )
apply (erule thin_rl)
apply (erule STL4E)
apply (rule DmdImpl)
apply (clarsimp simp: angle_def [try_rewrite])
apply (rule wf_box_dmd_decrease [temp_use])
apply (auto elim!: STL4E [temp_use] DmdImplE [temp_use])
done
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(*** Flexible quantification over state variables ***)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
section "Flexible quantification"
lemma aallI:
assumes 1 : "basevars vs"
and 2 : "(∧ x. basevars (x,vs) ==> sigma ⊨ F x)"
shows "sigma ⊨ (∀ ∀ x. F x)"
by (auto simp: aall_def elim!: eexE [temp_use] intro!: 1 dest!: 2 [temp_use])
lemma aallE: "⊨ (∀ ∀ x. F x) ⟶ F x"
apply (unfold aall_def)
apply clarsimp
apply (erule contrapos_np)
apply (force intro!: eexI [temp_use])
done
(* monotonicity of quantification *)
lemma eex_mono:
assumes 1 : "sigma ⊨ ∃ ∃ x. F x"
and 2 : "∧ x. sigma ⊨ F x ⟶ G x"
shows "sigma ⊨ ∃ ∃ x. G x"
apply (rule unit_base [THEN 1 [THEN eexE]])
apply (rule eexI [temp_use])
apply (erule 2 [unfolded intensional_rews, THEN mp])
done
lemma aall_mono:
assumes 1 : "sigma ⊨ ∀ ∀ x. F(x)"
and 2 : "∧ x. sigma ⊨ F(x) ⟶ G(x)"
shows "sigma ⊨ ∀ ∀ x. G(x)"
apply (rule unit_base [THEN aallI])
apply (rule 2 [unfolded intensional_rews, THEN mp])
apply (rule 1 [THEN aallE [temp_use]])
done
(* Derived history introduction rule *)
lemma historyI:
assumes 1 : "sigma ⊨ Init I"
and 2 : "sigma ⊨ ◻ N"
and 3 : "basevars vs"
and 4 : "∧ h. basevars(h,vs) ==> ⊨ I ∧ h = ha ⟶ HI h"
and 5 : "∧ h s t. [ basevars(h,vs); N (s,t); h t = hb (h s) (s,t) ] ==> HN h (s,t)"
shows "sigma ⊨ ∃ ∃ h. Init (HI h) ∧ ◻ (HN h)"
apply (rule history [temp_use, THEN eexE])
apply (rule 3 )
apply (rule eexI [temp_use])
apply clarsimp
apply (rule conjI)
prefer 2
apply (insert 2 )
apply merge_box
apply (force elim!: STL4E [temp_use] 5 [temp_use])
apply (insert 1 )
apply (force simp: Init_defs elim!: 4 [temp_use])
done
(* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
example of a history variable : existence of a clock
*)
lemma "⊨ ∃ ∃ h. Init(h = #True) ∧ ◻ (h` = (¬ $h))"
apply (rule tempI)
apply (rule historyI)
apply (force simp: Init_defs intro!: unit_base [temp_use] necT [temp_use])+
done
end
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