datatype intyness = Nat of thm | Neg_Nat of thm | No_Nat datatype parity = Even of thm | Odd of thm | Unknown_Parity
datatype limit =
Zero_Limit ofbooloption
| Finite_Limit of term
| Infinite_Limit ofbooloption
datatype trim_result =
Trimmed of zeroness * trimmed_thm option
| Aborted of order
val get_intyness : Proof.context -> cterm -> intyness val get_parity : cterm -> parity
val get_expansion : thm -> term val get_coeff : term -> term val get_exponent : term -> term val get_expanded_fun : thm -> term val get_eval : term -> term val expands_to_hd : thm -> thm
val mk_eval_ctxt : Proof.context -> Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt val expand : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> expr -> basis -> expansion_thm * basis val expand_term : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term -> basis -> expansion_thm * basis val expand_terms : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term list -> basis -> expansion_thm list * basis
val limit_of_expansion : bool * bool -> Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> limit * thm val compute_limit : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term -> limit * thm val compare_expansions :
Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> expansion_thm * expansion_thm * basis ->
order * thm * expansion_thm * expansion_thm
(* TODO DEBUG *) datatype comparison_result =
Cmp_Dominated of order * thm list * zeroness * trimmed_thm * expansion_thm * expansion_thm
| Cmp_Asymp_Equiv of thm * thm val compare_expansions' :
Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt ->
thm * thm * Asymptotic_Basis.basis ->
comparison_result
val prove_at_infinity : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm val prove_at_top : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm val prove_at_bot : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm val prove_nhds : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm val prove_at_0 : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm val prove_at_left_0 : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm val prove_at_right_0 : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> thm * basis -> thm
val ev_zeroness_oracle : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term -> thm option val zeroness_oracle : bool -> trim_mode option -> Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term -> zeroness * thm option
val whnf_expansion : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> expansion_thm -> term option * expansion_thm * thm val simplify_expansion : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> expansion_thm -> expansion_thm val simplify_term : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term -> term
val try_prove_real_eq : bool -> Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term * term -> thm option val try_prove_ev_eq : Lazy_Eval.eval_ctxt -> term * term -> thm option val prove_compare_expansions : order -> thm list -> thm
open Asymptotic_Basis open Exp_Log_Expression open Lazy_Eval
structure Data = Generic_Data
( type T = (Proof.context -> int -> tactic) Name_Space.table; val empty : T = Name_Space.empty_table "sign_oracle_tactic"; fun merge (tactics1, tactics2) : T = Name_Space.merge_tables (tactics1, tactics2);
);
datatype parity = Even of thm | Odd of thm | Unknown_Parity
(* TODO: powers *) fun get_parity ct = let fun inst thm cts = let val tvs = Term.add_tvars (Thm.concl_of thm) [] in case tvs of
[v] => let val thm' = Thm.instantiate (TVars.make1 (v, Thm.ctyp_of_cterm ct), Vars.empty) thm val vs = take (length cts) (rev (Term.add_vars (Thm.concl_of thm') [])) in
Thm.instantiate (TVars.empty, Vars.make (vs ~~ cts)) thm' end
| _ => raise THM ("get_parity", 0, [thm]) end val get_num = Thm.dest_arg o Thm.dest_arg in case Thm.term_of ct of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Groups.zero\<close>, _) => Even (inst @{thm even_zero} [])
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Groups.one\<close>, _) => Odd (inst @{thm odd_one} [])
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Num.numeral_class.numeral\<close>, _) $ \<^term>\<open>Num.One\<close> =>
Odd (inst @{thm odd_Numeral1} [])
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Num.numeral_class.numeral\<close>, _) $ (\<^term>\<open>Num.Bit0\<close> $ _) =>
Even (inst @{thm even_numeral} [get_num ct])
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Num.numeral_class.numeral\<close>, _) $ (\<^term>\<open>Num.Bit1\<close> $ _) =>
Odd (inst @{thm odd_numeral} [get_num ct])
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Groups.uminus\<close>, _) $ _ => ( case get_parity (Thm.dest_arg ct) of
Even thm => Even (@{thm even_uminusI} OF [thm])
| Odd thm => Odd (@{thm odd_uminusI} OF [thm])
| _ => Unknown_Parity)
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Groups.plus\<close>, _) $ _ $ _ => ( case apply2 get_parity (Thm.dest_binop ct) of
(Even thm1, Even thm2) => Even (@{thm even_addI(1)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| (Odd thm1, Odd thm2) => Even (@{thm even_addI(2)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| (Even thm1, Odd thm2) => Odd (@{thm odd_addI(1)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| (Odd thm1, Even thm2) => Odd (@{thm odd_addI(2)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| _ => Unknown_Parity)
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Groups.minus\<close>, _) $ _ $ _ => ( case apply2 get_parity (Thm.dest_binop ct) of
(Even thm1, Even thm2) => Even (@{thm even_diffI(1)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| (Odd thm1, Odd thm2) => Even (@{thm even_diffI(2)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| (Even thm1, Odd thm2) => Odd (@{thm odd_diffI(1)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| (Odd thm1, Even thm2) => Odd (@{thm odd_diffI(2)} OF [thm1, thm2])
| _ => Unknown_Parity)
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Groups.times\<close>, _) $ _ $ _ => ( case apply2 get_parity (Thm.dest_binop ct) of
(Even thm1, _) => Even (@{thm even_multI(1)} OF [thm1])
| (_, Even thm2) => Even (@{thm even_multI(2)} OF [thm2])
| (Odd thm1, Odd thm2) => Odd (@{thm odd_multI} OF [thm1, thm2])
| _ => Unknown_Parity)
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Power.power\<close>, _) $ _ $ _ => let val (a, n) = Thm.dest_binop ct in case get_parity a of
Odd thm => Odd (inst @{thm odd_powerI} [a, n] OF [thm])
| _ => Unknown_Parity end
| _ => Unknown_Parity end
fun simplify_term' facts ctxt = let val ctxt = Simplifier.add_prems facts ctxt in
Thm.cterm_of ctxt #> Simplifier.rewrite ctxt #>
Thm.concl_of #> Logic.dest_equals #> snd end
fun simplify_term ectxt = simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) (get_ctxt ectxt)
(* Caution: The following functions assume that the given expansion is in normal form already
as far as needed. *)
(* Returns the leading coefficient of the given expansion. This coefficient is a multiseries. *) fun try_get_coeff expr = case expr of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MS\<close>, _) $ ( Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MSLCons\<close>, _) $ ( Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Pair\<close>, _) $ c $ _) $ _) $ _ =>
SOME c
| _ => NONE
(* Returns the coefficient of the leading term in the expansion (i.e. a real number) *) fun get_lead_coeff expr = case try_get_coeff expr of
NONE => expr
| SOME c => get_lead_coeff c
(* Returns the exponent (w.r.t. the fastest-growing basis element) of the leading term *) fun get_exponent expr =
expr |> dest_comb |> fst |> dest_comb |> snd |> dest_comb |> fst |> dest_comb |> snd
|> dest_comb |> snd
(* Returns the list of exponents of the leading term *) fun get_exponents exp = if fastype_of exp = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
[] else
get_exponent exp :: get_exponents (get_coeff exp)
(* Returns the function that the expansion corresponds to *) fun get_eval expr = if fastype_of expr = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
Abs ("x", \<^typ>\<open>real\<close>, expr) else
expr |> dest_comb |> snd
val eval_simps = @{thms eval_simps [THEN eq_reflection]}
(* Tries to prove that the given function is eventually zero *) fun ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt t = let val ctxt = Lazy_Eval.get_ctxt ectxt val goal =
betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>f::real \<Rightarrow> real. eventually (\<lambda>x. f x = 0) at_top\<close>, t)
|> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop fun tac {context = ctxt, ...} =
HEADGOAL (Method.insert_tac ctxt (get_facts ectxt)) THEN Local_Defs.unfold_tac ctxt eval_simps THEN HEADGOAL (Simplifier.asm_full_simp_tac ctxt) in try (Goal.prove ctxt [] [] goal) tac end
(* Checks(andproves)whetherthegiventerm(assumedtobearealnumber)iszero,positive, ornegative,dependingongivenflags.The"fail"flagdetermineswhetheranexceptionis thrownifthisfails.
*) fun zeroness_oracle fail mode ectxt exp = let val ctxt = Lazy_Eval.get_ctxt ectxt val eq = (exp, \<^term>\<open>0::real\<close>) |> HOLogic.mk_eq val goal1 = (IsZero, eq |> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop) val goal2 = case mode of
SOME Pos_Trim =>
(IsPos, \<^term>\<open>(<) (0::real)\<close> $ exp |> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop)
| SOME Sgn_Trim =>
(IsPos, \<^term>\<open>(<) (0::real)\<close> $ exp |> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop)
| SOME Neg_Trim =>
(IsNeg, betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>x. x < (0::real)\<close>, exp) |> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop)
| _ =>
(IsNonZero, eq |> HOLogic.mk_not |> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop) val goals =
(if mode = SOME Sgn_Trim then
[(IsNeg, betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>x. x < (0::real)\<close>, exp) |> HOLogic.mk_Trueprop)] else
[]) val goals = goal2 :: goals fun tac {context = ctxt, ...} =
HEADGOAL (Method.insert_tac ctxt (get_facts ectxt)) THEN Local_Defs.unfold_tac ctxt eval_simps THEN HEADGOAL (apply_sign_oracles ctxt (Simplifier.asm_full_simp_tac ctxt)) fun prove (res, goal) = try (fn goal => (res, SOME (Goal.prove ctxt [] [] goal tac))) goal fun err () = let val mode_msg = case mode of
SOME Simple_Trim => "whether the following constant is zero"
| SOME Pos_Trim => "whether the following constant is zero or positive"
| SOME Neg_Trim => "whether the following constant is zero or negative"
| SOME Sgn_Trim => "the sign of the following constant"
| _ => raiseMatch val t = simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) ctxt exp val _ = if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val p = Pretty.str ("real_asymp failed to determine " ^ mode_msg ^ ":") val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt t)] in
Pretty.writeln p endelse () in raise TERM ("zeroness_oracle", [t]) end in case prove goal1 of
SOME res => res
| NONE => if mode = NONE then
(IsNonZero, NONE) else case get_first prove (goal2 :: goals) of
NONE => if fail then err () else (IsNonZero, NONE)
| SOME res => res end
(* Tries to prove a given equality of real numbers. *) fun try_prove_real_eq fail ectxt (lhs, rhs) = case zeroness_oracle false NONE ectxt (\<^term>\<open>(-) :: real => _\<close> $ lhs $ rhs) of
(IsZero, SOME thm) => SOME (thm RS @{thm real_eqI})
| _ => ifnot fail then NONE else let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val ts = map (simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) ctxt) [lhs, rhs] val _ = if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val p =
Pretty.str ("real_asymp failed to prove that the following two numbers are equal:") val p = Pretty.chunks (p :: map (Pretty.indent 2 o Syntax.pretty_term ctxt) ts) in
Pretty.writeln p endelse () in raise TERM ("try_prove_real_eq", [lhs, rhs]) end
(* Tries to prove a given eventual equality of real functions. *) fun try_prove_ev_eq ectxt (f, g) = let val t = Envir.beta_eta_contract (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real=>real) g x. f x - g x\<close> $ f $ g) in Option.map (fn thm => thm RS @{thm eventually_diff_zero_imp_eq}) (ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt t) end
fun real_less a b = \<^term>\<open>(<) :: real \<Rightarrow> real \<Rightarrow> bool\<close> $ a $ b fun real_eq a b = \<^term>\<open>(=) :: real \<Rightarrow> real \<Rightarrow> bool\<close> $ a $ b fun real_neq a b = \<^term>\<open>(\<noteq>) :: real \<Rightarrow> real \<Rightarrow> bool\<close> $ a $ b
(* The hook that is called by the Lazy_Eval module whenever two real numbers have to be compared *) fun real_sgn_hook ({pctxt = ctxt, facts, verbose, ...}) t = let val get_rhs = Thm.concl_of #> Logic.dest_equals #> snd fun tac {context = ctxt, ...} =
HEADGOAL (Method.insert_tac ctxt (Net.content facts) THEN' (apply_sign_oracles ctxt (Simplifier.asm_full_simp_tac ctxt))) fun prove_first err [] [] = ifnot verbose thenraise TERM ("real_sgn_hook", [t]) elseletval _ = err () inraise TERM ("real_sgn_hook", [t]) end
| prove_first err (goal :: goals) (thm :: thms) =
(casetry (Goal.prove ctxt [] [] goal) tac of
SOME thm' => letval thm'' = thm' RS thm in SOME (get_rhs thm'', Conv.rewr_conv thm'') end
| NONE => prove_first err goals thms)
| prove_first _ _ _ = raiseMatch in case t of
\<^term>\<open>(=) :: real => _\<close> $ a $ \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close> => let val goals = map (fn c => HOLogic.mk_Trueprop (c a \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close>)) [real_neq, real_eq] fun err () = let val facts' = Net.content facts val a' = simplify_term' facts' ctxt a val p = Pretty.str ("real_asymp failed to determine whether the following " ^ "constant is zero: ") val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt a')] in
Pretty.writeln p end in
prove_first err goals @{thms Eq_FalseI Eq_TrueI} end
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>COMPARE\<close>, _) $ a $ b => let val goals = map HOLogic.mk_Trueprop [real_less a b, real_less b a, real_eq a b] fun err () = let val facts' = Net.content facts val (a', b') = apply2 (simplify_term' facts' ctxt) (a, b) val p = Pretty.str ("real_asymp failed to compare" ^ "the following two constants: ") val p = Pretty.chunks (p :: map (Pretty.indent 2 o Syntax.pretty_term ctxt) [a', b']) in
Pretty.writeln p end in
prove_first err goals @{thms COMPARE_intros} end
| _ => NONE end
(* ReturnsthedatatypeconstructorsregisteredforusewiththeLazy_Evalpackage. Allconstructorsonwhichpatternmatchingisperformedneedtoberegisteredforevaluation towork.Itshouldberareforuserstoaddadditionalones.
*) fun get_constructors ctxt = let val thms = Named_Theorems.get ctxt \<^named_theorems>\<open>exp_log_eval_constructor\<close> fun go _ [] acc = rev acc
| go f (x :: xs) acc = case f x of
NONE => go f xs acc
| SOME y => go f xs (y :: acc) fun map_option f xs = go f xs [] fun dest_constructor thm = case Thm.concl_of thm of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>HOL.Trueprop\<close>, _) $
(Const (\<^const_name>\<open>REAL_ASYMP_EVAL_CONSTRUCTOR\<close>, _) $ Const (c, T)) =>
SOME (c, length (fst (strip_type T)))
| _ => NONE in
thms |> map_option dest_constructor end
(* Createsanevaluationcontextwiththecorrectsetupofconstructors,equations,andhooks.
*) fun mk_eval_ctxt ctxt = let val eval_eqs = (Named_Theorems.get ctxt \<^named_theorems>\<open>real_asymp_eval_eqs\<close>) val constructors = get_constructors ctxt in
Lazy_Eval.mk_eval_ctxt ctxt constructors eval_eqs
|> add_hook real_sgn_hook end
(* A pattern for determining the leading coefficient of a multiseries *) val exp_pat = let val anypat = AnyPat ("_", 0) in
ConsPat (\<^const_name>\<open>MS\<close>,
[ConsPat (\<^const_name>\<open>MSLCons\<close>,
[ConsPat (\<^const_name>\<open>Pair\<close>, [anypat, anypat]), anypat]), anypat]) end
(* Evaluatesanexpansionto(weak)headnormalform,sothattheleadingcoefficientand exponentcanbereadoff.
*) fun whnf_expansion ectxt thm = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val exp = get_expansion thm val (_, _, conv) = match ectxt exp_pat exp (SOME []) val eq_thm = conv (Thm.cterm_of ctxt exp) val exp' = eq_thm |> Thm.concl_of |> Logic.dest_equals |> snd in case exp' of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MS\<close>, _) $ (Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MSLCons\<close>, _) $
(Const (\<^const_name>\<open>Pair\<close>, _) $ c $ _) $ _) $ _ =>
(SOME c, @{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong} OF [thm, eq_thm], eq_thm)
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MS\<close>, _) $ Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MSLNil\<close>, _) $ _ =>
(NONE, @{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong} OF [thm, eq_thm], eq_thm)
| _ => raise TERM ("whnf_expansion", [exp']) end
fun try_lift_function ectxt (thm, SEmpty) _ = (NONE, thm)
| try_lift_function ectxt (thm, basis) cont = case whnf_expansion ectxt thm of
(SOME c, thm, _) => let val f = get_expanded_fun thm val T = fastype_of c val t = Const (\<^const_name>\<open>eval\<close>, T --> \<^typ>\<open>real \<Rightarrow> real\<close>) $ c val t = Term.betapply (Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real\<Rightarrow>real) g x. f x - g x\<close>, f), t) in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt t of
NONE => (NONE, thm)
| SOME zero_thm => let val thm' = cont ectxt (thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''}, tl_basis basis) val thm'' = @{thm expands_to_lift_function} OF [zero_thm, thm'] in
(SOME (lift basis thm''), thm) end end
| _ => (NONE, thm)
(* Turns an expansion theorem into an expansion theorem for the leading coefficient. *) fun expands_to_hd thm = thm RS
(if fastype_of (get_expansion thm) = \<^typ>\<open>real ms\<close> then
@{thm expands_to_hd'} else
@{thm expands_to_hd})
fun simplify_expansion ectxt thm = let val exp = get_expansion thm val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val eq_thm = Simplifier.rewrite ctxt (Thm.cterm_of ctxt exp) in
@{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong} OF [thm, eq_thm] end
(* Simplifiesatrimmedexpansionandreturnsthesimplifiedexpansiontheoremand thetrimmingtheoremforthatsimplifiedexpansion.
*) fun simplify_trimmed_expansion ectxt (thm, trimmed_thm) = let val exp = get_expansion thm val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val eq_thm = Simplifier.rewrite ctxt (Thm.cterm_of ctxt exp) val trimmed_cong_thm = case trimmed_thm |> concl_of' |> dest_fun of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>trimmed\<close>, _) => @{thm trimmed_eq_cong}
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>trimmed_pos\<close>, _) => @{thm trimmed_pos_eq_cong}
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>trimmed_neg\<close>, _) => @{thm trimmed_neg_eq_cong}
| _ => raise THM ("simplify_trimmed_expansion", 2, [thm, trimmed_thm]) in
(@{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong} OF [thm, eq_thm],
trimmed_cong_thm OF [trimmed_thm, eq_thm]) end
(* Re-normalisesatrimmedexpansion(sothattheleadingtermwithits(real)coefficientand allexponentscanbereadoff.Thismaybenecessaryafterliftingatrimmedexpansionto alargerbasis.
*) fun retrim_expansion ectxt (thm, basis) = let val (c, thm, eq_thm) = whnf_expansion ectxt thm in case c of
NONE => (thm, eq_thm)
| SOME c => if fastype_of c = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
(thm, eq_thm) else let val c_thm = thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''} val (c_thm', eq_thm') = retrim_expansion ectxt (c_thm, tl_basis basis) val thm = @{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm, c_thm'] in
(thm, @{thm trim_lift_eq} OF [eq_thm, eq_thm']) end end
fun retrim_pos_expansion ectxt (thm, basis, trimmed_thm) = let val (thm', eq_thm) = retrim_expansion ectxt (thm, basis) in
(thm', eq_thm, @{thm trimmed_pos_eq_cong} OF [trimmed_thm, eq_thm]) end
(* Triestodeterminewhethertheleadingtermis(identically)zeroanddropsitifitis. If"fail"isset,anexceptionisthrownwhenthattermisarealnumberandzeronesscannot bedetermined.(Whichtypicallyindicatesmissingfactsorcasedistinctions)
*) fun try_drop_leading_term_ex fail ectxt thm = let val exp = get_expansion thm in if fastype_of exp = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
NONE elseif fastype_of (get_coeff exp) = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then case zeroness_oracle fail (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (get_coeff exp) of
(IsZero, SOME zero_thm) => SOME (@{thm drop_zero_ms'} OF [zero_thm, thm])
| _ => NONE else let val c = get_coeff exp val T = fastype_of c val t = Const (\<^const_name>\<open>eval\<close>, T --> \<^typ>\<open>real \<Rightarrow> real\<close>) $ c in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt t of
SOME zero_thm => SOME (@{thm expands_to_drop_zero} OF [zero_thm, thm])
| _ => NONE end end
(* Triestodroptheleadingtermofanexpansion.Ifthisisnotpossible,anexception isthrownandaninformativeerrormessageisprinted.
*) fun try_drop_leading_term ectxt thm = let fun err () = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val exp = get_expansion thm val c = get_coeff exp val t = if fastype_of c = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then c else c |> dest_arg val t = simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) ctxt t val _ = if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val p = Pretty.str ("real_asymp failed to prove that the following term is zero: ") val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt t)] in
Pretty.writeln p endelse () in raise TERM ("try_drop_leading_term", [t]) end in case try_drop_leading_term_ex true ectxt thm of
NONE => err ()
| SOME thm => thm end
datatype trim_result =
Trimmed of zeroness * trimmed_thm option
| Aborted of order
fun cstrip_assms ct = case Thm.term_of ct of
\<^term>\<open>(==>)\<close> $ _ $ _ => cstrip_assms (snd (Thm.dest_implies ct))
| _ => ct
Lastly,alistoftheexponentcomparisonresultsandassociatedtheoremsisalsoreturned,so thatthecallercanreconstructtheresultofthelexicographicorderingwithoutdoingthe exponentcomparisonsagain.
*) fun trim_expansion_while_greater strict es fail mode ectxt (thm, basis) = let val (_, thm, _) = whnf_expansion ectxt thm val thm = simplify_expansion ectxt thm val cexp = thm |> Thm.cprop_of |> cstrip_assms |> Thm.dest_arg |> Thm.dest_fun |> Thm.dest_arg val c = try_get_coeff (get_expansion thm) fun lift_trimmed_thm nz thm = let val cexp = thm |> Thm.cprop_of |> cstrip_assms |> Thm.dest_arg |> Thm.dest_fun |> Thm.dest_arg val lift_thm = case nz of
IsNonZero => @{thm trimmed_eq_cong[rotated, OF _ lift_trimmed]}
| IsPos => @{thm trimmed_pos_eq_cong[rotated, OF _ lift_trimmed_pos]}
| IsNeg => @{thm trimmed_neg_eq_cong[rotated, OF _ lift_trimmed_neg]}
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in trim_expansion", []) in
Thm.reflexive cexp RS lift_thm end fun trimmed_real_thm nz = Thm.reflexive cexp RS ( case nz of
IsNonZero => @{thm trimmed_eq_cong[rotated, OF _ lift_trimmed[OF trimmed_realI]]}
| IsPos => @{thm trimmed_pos_eq_cong[rotated, OF _ lift_trimmed_pos[OF trimmed_pos_realI]]}
| IsNeg => @{thm trimmed_neg_eq_cong[rotated, OF _ lift_trimmed_neg[OF trimmed_neg_realI]]}
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in trim_expansion", [])) fun do_trim es = let val c = the c val T = fastype_of c val t = Const (\<^const_name>\<open>eval\<close>, T --> \<^typ>\<open>real \<Rightarrow> real\<close>) $ c in if T = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then ( case zeroness_oracle fail mode ectxt c of
(IsZero, SOME zero_thm) =>
trim_expansion_while_greater strict es fail mode ectxt
(@{thm drop_zero_ms'} OF [zero_thm, thm], basis)
| (nz, SOME nz_thm) => (thm, Trimmed (nz, SOME (nz_thm RS trimmed_real_thm nz)), [])
| (nz, NONE) => (thm, Trimmed (nz, NONE), [])) else case trim_expansion_while_greater strict (Option.map tl es) fail mode ectxt
(thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''}, tl_basis basis) of
(c_thm', Aborted ord, thms) =>
(@{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm, c_thm'], Aborted ord, thms)
| (c_thm', Trimmed (nz, trimmed_thm), thms) => let val thm = (@{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm, c_thm']) fun err () = raise TERM ("trim_expansion: zero coefficient should have been trimmed", [c]) in case (nz, trimmed_thm) of
(IsZero, _) => if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val t' = t |> simplify_eval ctxt |> simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) ctxt val p = Pretty.str ("trim_expansion failed to recognise zeroness of " ^ "the following term:") val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt t')] val _ = Pretty.writeln p in
err () end else err ()
| (_, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
(thm, Trimmed (nz, SOME (trimmed_thm RS lift_trimmed_thm nz thm)), thms)
| (_, NONE) => (thm, Trimmed (nz, NONE), thms) end end val minus = \<^term>\<open>(-) :: real => real => real\<close> in case (c, es) of
(NONE, _) => (thm, Trimmed (IsZero, NONE), [])
| (SOME c, SOME (e' :: _)) => let val e = get_exponent (get_expansion thm) in case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (minus $ e $ e') of
(IsPos, SOME pos_thm) => ( case try_drop_leading_term_ex false ectxt thm of
SOME thm =>
trim_expansion_while_greater strict es fail mode ectxt (thm, basis)
| NONE => do_trim NONE |> @{apply 3(3)} (fn thms => (IsPos, pos_thm) :: thms))
| (IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) => (thm, Aborted LESS, [(IsNeg, neg_thm)])
| (IsZero, SOME zero_thm) => ifnot strict andalso fastype_of c = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
(thm, Aborted EQUAL, [(IsZero, zero_thm)]) else ( case try_drop_leading_term_ex false ectxt thm of
SOME thm => trim_expansion_while_greater strict es fail mode ectxt (thm, basis)
| NONE => (do_trim es |> @{apply 3(3)} (fn thms => (IsZero, zero_thm) :: thms)))
| _ => do_trim NONE end
| _ => ( case try_drop_leading_term_ex false ectxt thm of
SOME thm => trim_expansion_while_greater strict es fail mode ectxt (thm, basis)
| NONE => do_trim NONE) end
(* Determinesthesignofanexpansionthathasalreadybeentrimmed.
*) fun determine_trimmed_sgn ectxt exp = if fastype_of exp = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
(case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt exp of
(IsPos, SOME thm) => (IsPos, thm RS @{thm trimmed_pos_realI})
| (IsNeg, SOME thm) => (IsNeg, thm RS @{thm trimmed_neg_realI})
| _ => raise TERM ("determine_trimmed_sgn", [])) else let val ct = Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) exp in
(case determine_trimmed_sgn ectxt (get_coeff exp) of
(IsPos, thm) => (IsPos, @{thm lift_trimmed_pos'} OF [thm, Thm.reflexive ct])
| (IsNeg, thm) => (IsNeg, @{thm lift_trimmed_neg'} OF [thm, Thm.reflexive ct])
| _ => raise TERM ("determine_trimmed_sgn", [])) end
fun mk_compare_expansions_const T = Const (\<^const_name>\<open>compare_expansions\<close>,
T --> T --> \<^typ>\<open>cmp_result \<times> real \<times> real\<close>)
datatype comparison_result =
Cmp_Dominated of order * thm list * zeroness * trimmed_thm * expansion_thm * expansion_thm
| Cmp_Asymp_Equiv of thm * thm
fun compare_expansions' _ (thm1, thm2, SEmpty) = Cmp_Asymp_Equiv (thm1, thm2)
| compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = let fun lift_trimmed_thm nz = case nz of
IsPos => @{thm lift_trimmed_pos}
| IsNeg => @{thm lift_trimmed_neg}
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in compare_expansions'", []) val (e1, e2) = apply2 (get_expansion #> get_exponent) (thm1, thm2) val e = \<^term>\<open>(-) :: real => _\<close> $ e1 $ e2 fun trim thm = trim_expansion true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) val try_drop = Option.map (whnf_expansion ectxt #> #2) o try_drop_leading_term_ex false ectxt fun handle_result ord zeroness trimmed_thm thm1 thm2 = let val (e1, e2) = apply2 (get_expansion #> get_exponent) (thm1, thm2) val e = \<^term>\<open>(-) :: real => _\<close> $ e1 $ e2 val mode = iford = LESS then Neg_Trim else Pos_Trim in case zeroness_oracle true (SOME mode) ectxt e of
(_, SOME e_thm) => Cmp_Dominated (ord, [e_thm], zeroness, trimmed_thm, thm1, thm2)
| _ => raiseMatch end fun recurse e_zero_thm = case basis of
SNE (SSng _) => Cmp_Asymp_Equiv (thm1, thm2)
| _ => let val (thm1', thm2') = apply2 (fn thm => thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''}) (thm1, thm2) val (thm1', thm2') = apply2 (whnf_expansion ectxt #> #2) (thm1', thm2') in case compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1', thm2', tl_basis basis) of
Cmp_Dominated (order, e_thms, zeroness, trimmed_thm, thm1', thm2') =>
Cmp_Dominated (order, e_zero_thm :: e_thms, zeroness,
trimmed_thm RS lift_trimmed_thm zeroness,
@{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm1, thm1'],
@{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm2, thm2'])
| Cmp_Asymp_Equiv (thm1', thm2') => Cmp_Asymp_Equiv
(@{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm1, thm1'],
@{thm expands_to_trim_cong} OF [thm2, thm2']) end in case zeroness_oracle false (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt e of
(IsPos, SOME _) => ( case try_drop thm1 of
SOME thm1 => compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis)
| NONE => ( case trim thm1 of
(thm1, zeroness, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
handle_result GREATER zeroness trimmed_thm thm1 thm2
| _ => raise TERM ("compare_expansions", map get_expansion [thm1, thm2])))
| (IsNeg, SOME _) => ( case try_drop thm2 of
SOME thm2 => compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis)
| NONE => ( case trim thm2 of
(thm2, zeroness, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
handle_result LESS zeroness trimmed_thm thm1 thm2
| _ => raise TERM ("compare_expansions", map get_expansion [thm1, thm2])))
| (IsZero, SOME e_zero_thm) => ( case try_drop thm1 of
SOME thm1 => compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis)
| NONE => ( case try_drop thm2 of
SOME thm2 => compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis)
| NONE => recurse e_zero_thm))
| _ => case try_drop thm1 of
SOME thm1 => compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis)
| NONE => ( case try_drop thm2 of
SOME thm2 => compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis)
| NONE => raise TERM ("compare_expansions", [e1, e2])) end
(* Uses a list of exponent comparison results to show that compare_expansions has a given result.*) fun prove_compare_expansions ord [thm] = ( caseordof
LESS => @{thm compare_expansions_LT_I} OF [thm]
| GREATER => @{thm compare_expansions_GT_I} OF [thm]
| EQUAL => @{thm compare_expansions_same_exp[OF _ compare_expansions_real]} OF [thm])
| prove_compare_expansions ord (thm :: thms) =
@{thm compare_expansions_same_exp} OF [thm, prove_compare_expansions ord thms]
| prove_compare_expansions _ [] = raiseMatch
val ev_zero_pos_thm = Eventuallize.eventuallize \<^context>
@{lemma "\<forall>x::real. f x = 0 \<longrightarrow> g x > 0 \<longrightarrow> f x < g x" by auto} NONE OF @{thms _ expands_to_imp_eventually_pos}
val ev_zero_neg_thm = Eventuallize.eventuallize \<^context>
@{lemma "\<forall>x::real. f x = 0 \<longrightarrow> g x < 0 \<longrightarrow> f x > g x" by auto} NONE OF @{thms _ expands_to_imp_eventually_neg}
val ev_zero_zero_thm = Eventuallize.eventuallize \<^context>
@{lemma "\<forall>x::real. f x = 0 \<longrightarrow> g x = 0 \<longrightarrow> f x = g x" by auto} NONE
fun compare_expansions_trivial ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = case try_prove_ev_eq ectxt (apply2 get_expanded_fun (thm1, thm2)) of
SOME thm => SOME (EQUAL, thm, thm1, thm2)
| NONE => case apply2 (ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt o get_expanded_fun) (thm1, thm2) of
(NONE, NONE) => NONE
| (SOME zero1_thm, NONE) => ( case trim_expansion true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm2, basis) of
(thm2, IsPos, SOME trimmed2_thm) =>
SOME (LESS, ev_zero_pos_thm OF
[zero1_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm2, trimmed2_thm], thm1, thm2)
| (thm2, IsNeg, SOME trimmed2_thm) =>
SOME (GREATER, ev_zero_neg_thm OF
[zero1_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm2, trimmed2_thm], thm1, thm2)
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in compare_expansions", []))
| (NONE, SOME zero2_thm) => ( case trim_expansion true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm1, basis) of
(thm1, IsPos, SOME trimmed1_thm) =>
SOME (GREATER, ev_zero_pos_thm OF
[zero2_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm1, trimmed1_thm], thm1, thm2)
| (thm1, IsNeg, SOME trimmed1_thm) =>
SOME (LESS, ev_zero_neg_thm OF
[zero2_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm1, trimmed1_thm], thm1, thm2)
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in compare_expansions", []))
| (SOME zero1_thm, SOME zero2_thm) =>
SOME (EQUAL, ev_zero_zero_thm OF [zero1_thm, zero2_thm] , thm1, thm2)
fun compare_expansions ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = case compare_expansions_trivial ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) of
SOME res => res
| NONE => let val (_, thm1, _) = whnf_expansion ectxt thm1 val (_, thm2, _) = whnf_expansion ectxt thm2 in case compare_expansions' ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) of
Cmp_Dominated (order, e_thms, zeroness, trimmed_thm, thm1, thm2) => let val wf_thm = get_basis_wf_thm basis val cmp_thm = prove_compare_expansions order e_thms val trimmed_thm' = trimmed_thm RS
(if zeroness = IsPos then @{thm trimmed_pos_imp_trimmed} else @{thm trimmed_neg_imp_trimmed}) val smallo_thm =
(if order = LESS then @{thm compare_expansions_LT} else @{thm compare_expansions_GT}) OF
[cmp_thm, trimmed_thm', thm1, thm2, wf_thm] val thm' = if zeroness = IsPos then @{thm smallo_trimmed_imp_eventually_less} else @{thm smallo_trimmed_imp_eventually_greater} val result_thm =
thm' OF [smallo_thm, if order = LESS then thm2 else thm1, wf_thm, trimmed_thm] in
(order, result_thm, thm1, thm2) end
| Cmp_Asymp_Equiv (thm1, thm2) => let val thm = @{thm expands_to_minus} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm1, thm2] val (order, result_thm) = case trim_expansion true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, IsPos, SOME pos_thm) => (GREATER,
@{thm expands_to_imp_eventually_gt} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, pos_thm])
| (thm, IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) => (LESS,
@{thm expands_to_imp_eventually_lt} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, neg_thm])
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in prove_eventually_less", []) in
(order, result_thm, thm1, thm2) end end
(* Throwsanexceptionandprintsanerrormessageindicatingthattheleadingtermcould notbedeterminedtobeeitherzeroornon-zero.
*) fun raise_trimming_error ectxt thm = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt fun lead_coeff exp = if fastype_of exp = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then exp else lead_coeff (get_coeff exp) val c = lead_coeff (get_expansion thm) fun err () = let val t = simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) ctxt c val _ = if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val p = Pretty.str
("real_asymp failed to determine whether the following constant is zero:") val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt t)] in
Pretty.writeln p endelse () in raise TERM ("zeroness_oracle", [t]) end in
err () end
(* TODO Here be dragons *) fun solve_eval_eq thm = casetry (fn _ => @{thm refl} RS thm) () of
SOME thm' => thm'
| NONE => casetry (fn _ => @{thm eval_real_def} RS thm) () of
SOME thm' => thm'
| NONE => @{thm eval_ms.simps} RS thm
(* Returnsanexpansiontheoremforthelogarithmofthegivenexpansion. Mayaddoneadditionalelementtothebasisattheend.
*) fun ln_expansion _ _ _ SEmpty = raise TERM ("ln_expansion: empty basis", [])
| ln_expansion ectxt trimmed_thm thm (SNE basis) = let fun trailing_exponent expr (SSng _) = get_exponent expr
| trailing_exponent expr (SCons (_, _, tl)) = trailing_exponent (get_coeff expr) tl val e = trailing_exponent (get_expansion thm) basis fun ln_expansion_aux trimmed_thm zero_thm thm basis = let val t = betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real \<Rightarrow> real) x. f x - 1 :: real\<close>, get_expanded_fun thm) in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt t of
NONE => ln_expansion_aux' trimmed_thm zero_thm thm basis
| SOME zero_thm =>
@{thm expands_to_ln_eventually_1} OF
[get_basis_wf_thm' basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm' basis, zero_thm] end and ln_expansion_aux' trimmed_thm zero_thm thm (SSng {wf_thm, ...}) =
( @{thm expands_to_ln} OF
[trimmed_thm, wf_thm, thm,
@{thm expands_to_ln_aux_0} OF [zero_thm, @{thm expands_to_ln_const}]])
|> solve_eval_eq
| ln_expansion_aux' trimmed_thm zero_thm thm (SCons ({wf_thm, ...}, {ln_thm, ...}, basis')) = let val c_thm =
ln_expansion_aux (trimmed_thm RS @{thm trimmed_pos_hd_coeff}) zero_thm
(expands_to_hd thm) basis' val e = get_exponent (get_expansion thm) val c_thm' = case zeroness_oracle true NONE ectxt e of
(IsZero, SOME thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_ln_to_expands_to_ln_eval [OF expands_to_ln_aux_0]} OF [thm,c_thm]
| _ => case try_prove_real_eq false ectxt (e, \<^term>\<open>1::real\<close>) of
SOME thm =>
@{thm expands_to_ln_to_expands_to_ln_eval [OF expands_to_ln_aux_1]} OF [thm, wf_thm, c_thm, ln_thm]
| NONE =>
@{thm expands_to_ln_to_expands_to_ln_eval [OF expands_to_ln_aux]} OF [wf_thm, c_thm, ln_thm] in
(@{thm expands_to_ln} OF [trimmed_thm, wf_thm, thm, c_thm'])
|> solve_eval_eq end in case zeroness_oracle true NONE ectxt e of
(IsZero, SOME zero_thm) => (ln_expansion_aux trimmed_thm zero_thm thm basis, SNE basis)
| _ => let val basis' = insert_ln (SNE basis) val lifting = mk_lifting (get_basis_list' basis) basis' val thm' = lift_expands_to_thm lifting thm val trimmed_thm' = lift_trimmed_pos_thm lifting trimmed_thm val (thm'', eq_thm) = retrim_expansion ectxt (thm', basis') val trimmed_thm'' = @{thm trimmed_pos_eq_cong} OF [trimmed_thm', eq_thm] in
ln_expansion ectxt trimmed_thm'' thm'' basis' end end
(* Handlesapossiblebasischangeafterexpandingexp(c(x))foranexpansionoftheform f(x)=c(x)+g(x).Expandingexp(c(x))mayhaveinsertedanadditionalbasiselement.Ifthe oldbasiswasb::bs(i.e.cisanexpansionw.r.t.bs)andtheupdatedoneisbs'(which agreeswithbsexceptforoneadditionalelementb'),weneedtoarguethatb::bs'isstill well-formed.Thismayrequireustoshowthatln(b')iso(ln(b)),whichthefunctiontakes asanargument.
*) fun adjust_exp_basis basis basis' ln_smallo_thm = if length (get_basis_list basis) = length (get_basis_list basis') + 1 then
basis else let val SNE (SCons (info, ln_info, tail)) = basis val SNE tail' = basis' val wf_thms = map get_basis_wf_thm [basis, basis'] val wf_thm' = case
get_first (fn f => try f ())
[fn _ => @{thm basis_wf_lift_modification} OF wf_thms,
fn _ => @{thm basis_wf_insert_exp_near} OF (wf_thms @ [ln_smallo_thm]),
fn _ => @{thm basis_wf_insert_exp_near} OF (wf_thms @
[ln_smallo_thm RS @{thm basis_wf_insert_exp_uminus'}])] of
SOME wf_thm => wf_thm
| _ => raise TERM ("Lifting basis modification in exp_expansion failed.", map Thm.concl_of (wf_thms @ [ln_smallo_thm])) val info' = {wf_thm = wf_thm', head = #head info} val lifting = mk_lifting (get_basis_list' tail) basis' val ln_info' =
{trimmed_thm = lift_trimmed_pos_thm lifting (#trimmed_thm ln_info),
ln_thm = lift_expands_to_thm lifting (#ln_thm ln_info)} in
SNE (SCons (info', ln_info', tail')) end
(* inserts the exponential of a given function at the beginning of the given basis *) fun insert_exp _ _ _ _ _ SEmpty = raise TERM ("insert_exp", [])
| insert_exp t ln_thm ln_smallo_thm ln_trimmed_thm lim_thm (SNE basis) = let val head = Envir.beta_eta_contract (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real\<Rightarrow>real) x. exp (f x)\<close> $ t) val ln_smallo_thm = ln_smallo_thm RS @{thm ln_smallo_ln_exp} val wf_thm = @{thm basis_wf_manyI} OF [lim_thm, ln_smallo_thm, get_basis_wf_thm' basis] val basis' = SNE (SCons ({wf_thm = wf_thm, head = head},
{ln_thm = ln_thm, trimmed_thm = ln_trimmed_thm} , basis)) in
check_basis basis' end
(* Returnsanexpansionoftheexponentialofthegivenexpansion.Thismayaddseveral newbasiselementsatanypositionofthebasis(exceptattheveryend
*) fun exp_expansion _ thm SEmpty = (thm RS @{thm expands_to_exp_real}, SEmpty)
| exp_expansion ectxt thm basis = let val (_, thm, _) = whnf_expansion ectxt thm in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_eval (get_expansion thm)) of
SOME zero_thm =>
(@{thm expands_to_exp_zero} OF
[thm, zero_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis], basis)
| NONE => let val ln = Option.map (fn x => (#ln_thm x, #trimmed_thm x)) (get_ln_info basis) val ln = Option.map (fn (x, y) => retrim_pos_expansion ectxt (x, basis, y)) ln val es' = \<^term>\<open>0::real\<close> :: ( case ln of
NONE => []
| SOME (ln_thm, _, _) => get_exponents (get_expansion ln_thm)) val trim_result =
trim_expansion_while_greater true (SOME es') false (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) in
exp_expansion' ectxt trim_result ln basis end end and exp_expansion' _ (thm, _, _) _ SEmpty = (thm RS @{thm expands_to_exp_real}, SEmpty)
| exp_expansion' ectxt (thm, trim_result, e_thms) ln basis = let val exp = get_expansion thm val wf_thm = get_basis_wf_thm basis val f = get_expanded_fun thm fun exp_expansion_insert ln_smallo_thm = ( case determine_trimmed_sgn ectxt exp of
(IsPos, trimmed_thm) => let val [lim_thm, ln_thm', thm'] =
@{thms expands_to_exp_insert_pos}
|> map (fn thm' => thm'OF [thm, wf_thm, trimmed_thm, ln_smallo_thm]) val basis' = insert_exp f ln_thm' ln_smallo_thm trimmed_thm lim_thm basis in
(thm', basis') end
| (IsNeg, trimmed_thm) => let val [lim_thm, ln_thm', ln_trimmed_thm, thm'] =
@{thms expands_to_exp_insert_neg}
|> map (fn thm' => thm'OF [thm, wf_thm, trimmed_thm, ln_smallo_thm]) val ln_smallo_thm = ln_smallo_thm RS @{thm basis_wf_insert_exp_uminus} val f' = Envir.beta_eta_contract (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real\<Rightarrow>real) x. -f x\<close> $ f) val basis' = insert_exp f' ln_thm' ln_smallo_thm ln_trimmed_thm lim_thm basis in
(thm', basis') end
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in exp_expansion", [])) fun lexord (IsNeg :: _) = LESS
| lexord (IsPos :: _) = GREATER
| lexord (IsZero :: xs) = lexord xs
| lexord [] = EQUAL
| lexord _ = raiseMatch val compare_result = lexord (map fst e_thms) in case (trim_result, e_thms, compare_result) of
(Aborted _, (IsNeg, e_neg_thm) :: _, _) => (* leading exponent is negative; we can simply Taylor-expand exp(x) around 0 *)
(@{thm expands_to_exp_neg} OF [thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, e_neg_thm], basis)
| (Trimmed (_, SOME trimmed_thm), (IsPos, e_pos_thm) :: _, GREATER) => (* leading exponent is positive; exp(f(x)) or exp(-f(x)) is new basis element *) let val ln_smallo_thm =
@{thm basis_wf_insert_exp_pos} OF [thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, trimmed_thm, e_pos_thm] in
exp_expansion_insert ln_smallo_thm end
| (Trimmed (_, SOME trimmed_thm), _, GREATER) => (* leading exponent is zero, but f(x) grows faster than ln(b(x)), so
exp(f(x)) or exp(-f(x)) must still be new basis elements *) let val ln_thm = case ln of
SOME (ln_thm, _, _) => ln_thm
| NONE => raise TERM ("TODO blubb", []) val ln_thm = @{thm expands_to_lift''} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, ln_thm] val ln_smallo_thm =
@{thm compare_expansions_GT} OF [prove_compare_expansions GREATER (map snd e_thms),
trimmed_thm, thm, ln_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis] in
exp_expansion_insert ln_smallo_thm end
| (Aborted LESS, (IsZero, e_zero_thm) :: e_thms', _) => (* leading exponent is zero and f(x) grows more slowly than ln(b(x)), so wecanwritef(x)=c(x)+g(x)andthereforeexp(f(x))=exp(c(x))*exp(g(x)).
The former is treated by a recursive call; the latter by Taylor expansion. *) let val (ln_thm, trimmed_thm) = case ln of
SOME (ln_thm, _, trimmed_thm) =>
(ln_thm, trimmed_thm RS @{thm trimmed_pos_imp_trimmed})
| NONE => raise TERM ("TODO foo", []) val c_thm = expands_to_hd thm val ln_smallo_thm =
@{thm compare_expansions_LT} OF [prove_compare_expansions LESS (map snd e_thms'),
trimmed_thm, c_thm, ln_thm, get_basis_wf_thm (tl_basis basis)] val (c_thm, c_basis) = exp_expansion ectxt c_thm (tl_basis basis) val basis' = adjust_exp_basis basis c_basis ln_smallo_thm val wf_thm = get_basis_wf_thm basis' val thm' = lift basis' thm val (thm'', _) = retrim_expansion ectxt (thm', basis') in
(@{thm expands_to_exp_0} OF [thm'', wf_thm, e_zero_thm, c_thm], basis') end
| (Trimmed _, [(IsZero, e_zero_thm)], EQUAL) => (* f(x) can be written as c + g(x) where c is just a real constant. Wecanthereforewriteexp(f(x))=exp(c)*exp(g(x)),wherethelatteris
a simple Taylor expansion. *)
(@{thm expands_to_exp_0_real} OF [thm, wf_thm, e_zero_thm], basis)
| (Trimmed _, (_, e_zero_thm) :: _, EQUAL) => (* f(x) is asymptotically equivalent to c * ln(b(x)), so we can write f(x) as c*ln(b(x))+g(x)andthereforeexp(f(x))=b(x)^c*exp(g(x)).Thesecond
factor is handled by a recursive call *) let val ln_thm = case ln of
SOME (ln_thm, _, _) => ln_thm
| NONE => raise TERM ("TODO blargh", []) val c = case (thm, ln_thm) |> apply2 (get_expansion #> get_lead_coeff) of
(c1, c2) => \<^term>\<open>(/) :: real => _\<close> $ c1 $ c2 val c = Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) c
val thm' =
@{thm expands_to_exp_0_pull_out1} OF [thm, ln_thm, wf_thm, e_zero_thm, Thm.reflexive c] val (thm'', basis') = exp_expansion ectxt thm' basis val pat = ConsPat ("MS", [AnyPat ("_", 0), AnyPat ("_", 0)]) val (_, _, conv) = match ectxt pat (get_expansion thm'') (SOME []) val eq_thm = conv (Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) (get_expansion thm'')) val thm''' = @{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong} OF [thm'', eq_thm] val thm'''' = case get_intyness (get_ctxt ectxt) c of
No_Nat =>
@{thm expands_to_exp_0_pull_out2} OF [thm''', get_basis_wf_thm basis']
| Nat nat_thm =>
@{thm expands_to_exp_0_pull_out2_nat} OF
[thm''', get_basis_wf_thm basis', nat_thm]
| Neg_Nat nat_thm =>
@{thm expands_to_exp_0_pull_out2_neg_nat} OF
[thm''', get_basis_wf_thm basis', nat_thm] in
(thm'''', basis') end
| (Trimmed (IsZero, _), [], _) => (* Expansion is empty, i.e. f(x) is identically zero *)
(@{thm expands_to_exp_MSLNil} OF [thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis], basis)
| (Trimmed (_, NONE), _, GREATER) => (* We could not determine whether f(x) grows faster than ln(b(x)) or not. *)
raise_trimming_error ectxt thm
| _ => raiseMatch end
fun powr_expansion ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm1) of
SOME zero_thm =>
(@{thm expands_to_powr_0} OF
[zero_thm, Thm.reflexive (Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) (get_expanded_fun thm2)),
get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis],
basis)
| NONE => let val (thm1, _, SOME trimmed_thm) =
trim_expansion true (SOME Pos_Trim) ectxt (thm1, basis) val (ln_thm, basis') = ln_expansion ectxt trimmed_thm thm1 basis val thm2' = lift basis' thm2 |> simplify_expansion ectxt val mult_thm = @{thm expands_to_mult} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis', ln_thm, thm2'] val (exp_thm, basis'') = exp_expansion ectxt mult_thm basis' val thm = @{thm expands_to_powr} OF
[trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm1, exp_thm] in
(thm, basis'') end
fun powr_nat_expansion ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm1) of
SOME zero_thm => ( case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm2) of
SOME zero'_thm => (@{thm expands_to_powr_nat_0_0} OF
[zero_thm, zero'_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis], basis)
| NONE => ( case trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm2, basis) of
(thm2, _, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
(@{thm expands_to_powr_nat_0} OF [zero_thm, thm2, trimmed_thm,
get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis], basis)))
| NONE => let val (thm1, _, SOME trimmed_thm) =
trim_expansion true (SOME Pos_Trim) ectxt (thm1, basis) val (ln_thm, basis') = ln_expansion ectxt trimmed_thm thm1 basis val thm2' = lift basis' thm2 |> simplify_expansion ectxt val mult_thm = @{thm expands_to_mult} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis', ln_thm, thm2'] val (exp_thm, basis'') = exp_expansion ectxt mult_thm basis' val thm = @{thm expands_to_powr_nat} OF
[trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm1, exp_thm] in
(thm, basis'') end
fun is_numeral t = let val _ = HOLogic.dest_number t in true end handle TERM _ => false
fun power_expansion ectxt (thm, n, basis) = case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm) of
SOME zero_thm => @{thm expands_to_power_0} OF
[zero_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis,
Thm.reflexive (Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) n)]
| NONE => ( case trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm', _, SOME trimmed_thm) => let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val thm = if is_numeral n then @{thm expands_to_power[where abort = True]} else @{thm expands_to_power[where abort = False]} val thm =
Drule.infer_instantiate' ctxt [NONE, NONE, NONE, SOME (Thm.cterm_of ctxt n)] thm in
thm OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm'] end
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in power_expansion", []))
fun powr_const_expansion ectxt (thm, p, basis) = let val pthm = Thm.reflexive (Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) p) in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm) of
SOME zero_thm => @{thm expands_to_powr_const_0} OF
[zero_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis, pthm]
| NONE => case trim_expansion true (SOME Pos_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(_, _, NONE) => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result for powr", [])
| (thm, _, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
(if is_numeral p then @{thm expands_to_powr_const[where abort = True]} else @{thm expands_to_powr_const[where abort = False]}) OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, pthm] end
fun sgn_expansion ectxt (thm, basis) = let val thms = [get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis] in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm) of
SOME zero_thm => @{thm expands_to_sgn_zero} OF (zero_thm :: thms)
| NONE => case trim_expansion true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, IsPos, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_sgn_pos} OF ([trimmed_thm, thm] @ thms)
| (thm, IsNeg, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_sgn_neg} OF ([trimmed_thm, thm] @ thms)
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in sgn_expansion", []) end
(* Returnsanexpansionofthesineandcosineofthegivenexpansion.Failsifthatfunction goestoinfinity.
*) fun sin_cos_expansion _ thm SEmpty =
(thm RS @{thm expands_to_sin_real}, thm RS @{thm expands_to_cos_real})
| sin_cos_expansion ectxt thm basis = let val exp = get_expansion thm val e = get_exponent exp in case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt e of
(IsPos, _) => raise THM ("sin_cos_expansion", 0, [thm])
| (IsNeg, SOME e_thm) => let val [thm1, thm2] = map (fn thm' => thm'OF [e_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm])
@{thms expands_to_sin_ms_neg_exp expands_to_cos_ms_neg_exp} in
(thm1, thm2) end
| (IsZero, SOME e_thm) => let val (sin_thm, cos_thm) = (sin_cos_expansion ectxt (expands_to_hd thm) (tl_basis basis)) fun mk_thm thm' =
(thm' OF [e_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, sin_thm, cos_thm]) |> solve_eval_eq val [thm1, thm2] = map mk_thm @{thms expands_to_sin_ms_zero_exp expands_to_cos_ms_zero_exp} in
(thm1, thm2) end
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in sin_exp_expansion", []) end
fun abconv (t, t') = Envir.beta_eta_contract t aconv Envir.beta_eta_contract t'
(* Makessurethatanexpansiontheoremreallytalksabouttherightfunction. Thisisbasicallyasanitychecktomakethingsfailearlyandintherightplace.
*) fun check_expansion e thm = if abconv (expr_to_term e, get_expanded_fun thm) then
thm else (* TODO Remove Debugging stuff *) letval _ = \<^print> e val _ = \<^print> (get_expanded_fun thm) in raise TERM ("check_expansion", [Thm.concl_of thm, expr_to_term e]) end
fun minmax_expansion max [less_thm, eq_thm, gt_thm] ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = ( case compare_expansions ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) of
(LESS, less_thm', thm1, thm2) => less_thm OF [if max then thm2 else thm1, less_thm']
| (GREATER, gt_thm', thm1, thm2) => gt_thm OF [if max then thm1 else thm2, gt_thm']
| (EQUAL, eq_thm', thm1, _) => eq_thm OF [thm1, eq_thm'])
| minmax_expansion _ _ _ _ = raiseMatch
val min_expansion =
minmax_expansion false @{thms expands_to_min_lt expands_to_min_eq expands_to_min_gt} val max_expansion =
minmax_expansion true @{thms expands_to_max_lt expands_to_max_eq expands_to_max_gt}
fun zero_expansion basis =
@{thm expands_to_zero} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis]
fun const_expansion _ basis \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close> = zero_expansion basis
| const_expansion ectxt basis t = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val thm = Drule.infer_instantiate' ctxt [NONE, SOME (Thm.cterm_of ctxt t)]
@{thm expands_to_const} in
thm OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis] end
fun root_expansion ectxt (thm, n, basis) = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt fun tac {context = ctxt, ...} =
HEADGOAL (Method.insert_tac ctxt (get_facts ectxt)) THEN Local_Defs.unfold_tac ctxt eval_simps THEN HEADGOAL (Simplifier.asm_full_simp_tac ctxt) fun prove goal = try (Goal.prove ctxt [] [] (HOLogic.mk_Trueprop (Term.betapply (goal, n)))) tac fun err () = let val t = simplify_term' (get_facts ectxt) ctxt n val _ = if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val p = Pretty.str ("real_asymp failed to determine whether the following constant " ^ "is zero or not:") val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt t)] in
Pretty.writeln p endelse () in raise TERM ("zeroness_oracle", [n]) end fun aux nz_thm = case trim_expansion true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, IsPos, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_root} OF [nz_thm, trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm]
| (thm, IsNeg, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_root_neg} OF [nz_thm, trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm]
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in root_expansion", []) in case prove \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>n::nat. n = 0\<close> of
SOME zero_thm =>
@{thm expands_to_0th_root} OF
[zero_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis,
Thm.reflexive (Thm.cterm_of ctxt (get_expanded_fun thm))]
| NONE => case prove \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>n::nat. n > 0\<close> of
NONE => err ()
| SOME nz_thm => case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm) of
SOME zero_thm => @{thm expands_to_root_0} OF
[nz_thm, zero_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, mk_expansion_level_eq_thm basis]
| NONE => aux nz_thm end
fun arctan_expansion _ SEmpty thm =
@{thm expands_to_real_compose[where g = arctan]} OF [thm]
| arctan_expansion ectxt basis thm = case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm) of
SOME zero_thm => @{thm expands_to_arctan_zero} OF [zero_expansion basis, zero_thm]
| NONE => let val (thm, _, _) = trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) val e = get_exponent (get_expansion thm) fun cont ectxt (thm, basis) = arctan_expansion ectxt basis thm in case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt e of
(IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_arctan_ms_neg_exp} OF [neg_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm]
| (IsPos, SOME e_pos_thm) => ( case determine_trimmed_sgn ectxt (get_expansion thm) of
(IsPos, trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_arctan_ms_pos_exp_pos} OF
[e_pos_thm, trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm]
| (IsNeg, trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_arctan_ms_pos_exp_neg} OF
[e_pos_thm, trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm]
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected trim result during expansion of arctan", []))
| (IsZero, _) => ( case try_lift_function ectxt (thm, basis) cont of
(SOME thm', _) => thm'
| _ => let val _ = if get_verbose ectxt then
writeln "Unsupported occurrence of arctan"else () in raise TERM ("Unsupported occurrence of arctan", []) end)
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected trim result during expansion of arctan", []) end
(* Returns an expansion theorem for a function that is already a basis element *) fun expand_basic _ t SEmpty = raise TERM ("expand_basic", [t])
| expand_basic thm t basis = if abconv (get_basis_head basis, t) then
thm (get_basis_wf_thm basis) (mk_expansion_level_eq_thm (tl_basis basis)) else
@{thm expands_to_lift'} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, expand_basic thm t (tl_basis basis)]
fun expand_unary ectxt thm e basis = let val (thm', basis') = expand' ectxt e basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) in
(thm OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis', thm'], basis') end and expand_binary ectxt thm (e1, e2) basis = let val (thm1, basis') = expand' ectxt e1 basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) val (thm2, basis'') = expand' ectxt e2 basis' |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) val thm1 = lift basis'' thm1 |> simplify_expansion ectxt in
(thm OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis'', thm1, thm2], basis'') end and trim_nz mode ectxt e basis = let val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) val (thm', nz, trimmed_thm) = trim_expansion true (SOME mode) ectxt (thm, basis') in case trimmed_thm of
NONE => raise TERM ("expand: zero denominator", [get_expansion thm])
| SOME trimmed_thm => (thm', basis', nz, trimmed_thm) end and expand'' ectxt (ConstExpr c) basis = (const_expansion ectxt basis c, basis)
| expand'' _ X basis = (lift basis @{thm expands_to_X}, basis)
| expand'' ectxt (Uminus e) basis = expand_unary ectxt @{thm expands_to_uminus} e basis
| expand'' ectxt (Add e12) basis = expand_binary ectxt @{thm expands_to_add} e12 basis
| expand'' ectxt (Minus e12) basis = expand_binary ectxt @{thm expands_to_minus} e12 basis
| expand'' ectxt (Mult e12) basis = expand_binary ectxt @{thm expands_to_mult} e12 basis
| expand'' ectxt (Powr' (e, p)) basis = (* TODO zero basis *) let val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) in
(powr_const_expansion ectxt (thm, p, basis'), basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Powr (e1, e2)) basis = let val (thm2, basis1) = expand' ectxt e2 basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) val (thm1, basis2) = expand' ectxt e1 basis1 |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) in
powr_expansion ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis2) end
| expand'' ectxt (Powr_Nat (e1, e2)) basis = let val (thm2, basis1) = expand' ectxt e2 basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) val (thm1, basis2) = expand' ectxt e1 basis1 |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) in
powr_nat_expansion ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis2) end
| expand'' ectxt (LnPowr (e1, e2)) basis = let(* TODO zero base *) val (thm2, basis1) = expand' ectxt e2 basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) val (thm1, basis2, _, trimmed_thm) = trim_nz Pos_Trim ectxt e1 basis1 val (ln_thm, basis3) = ln_expansion ectxt trimmed_thm thm1 basis2 val thm2' = lift basis3 thm2 |> simplify_expansion ectxt val mult_thm = @{thm expands_to_mult} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis3, ln_thm, thm2'] val thm = @{thm expands_to_ln_powr} OF
[trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis2, thm1, mult_thm] in
(thm, basis3) end
| expand'' ectxt (ExpLn e) basis = let val (thm, basis', _, trimmed_thm) = trim_nz Pos_Trim ectxt e basis val thm = @{thm expands_to_exp_ln} OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis', thm] in
(thm, basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Power (e, n)) basis = let val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) in
(power_expansion ectxt (thm, n, basis'), basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Root (e, n)) basis = let val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis |> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt) in
(root_expansion ectxt (thm, n, basis'), basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Inverse e) basis =
(case trim_nz Simple_Trim ectxt e basis of
(thm, basis', _, trimmed_thm) =>
(@{thm expands_to_inverse} OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis', thm], basis'))
| expand'' ectxt (Div (e1, e2)) basis = let val (thm1, basis') = expand' ectxt e1 basis val (thm2, basis'', _, trimmed_thm) = trim_nz Simple_Trim ectxt e2 basis' val thm1 = lift basis'' thm1 in
(@{thm expands_to_divide} OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis'', thm1, thm2], basis'') end
| expand'' ectxt (Ln e) basis = let val (thm, basis', _, trimmed_thm) = trim_nz Pos_Trim ectxt e basis in
ln_expansion ectxt trimmed_thm thm basis' end
| expand'' ectxt (Exp e) basis = let val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis in
exp_expansion ectxt thm basis' end
| expand'' ectxt (Absolute e) basis = let val (thm, basis', nz, trimmed_thm) = trim_nz Sgn_Trim ectxt e basis val thm' = case nz of
IsPos => @{thm expands_to_abs_pos}
| IsNeg => @{thm expands_to_abs_neg}
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected trim result during expansion of abs", []) in
(thm' OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis', thm], basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Sgn e) basis = let val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis in
(sgn_expansion ectxt (thm, basis'), basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Min (e1, e2)) basis = ( case try_prove_ev_eq ectxt (apply2 expr_to_term (e1, e2)) of
SOME eq_thm =>
expand' ectxt e1 basis
|> apfst (fn thm => @{thm expands_to_min_eq} OF [thm, eq_thm])
| NONE => let val (thm1, basis') = expand' ectxt e1 basis val (thm2, basis'') = expand' ectxt e2 basis' val thm1' = lift basis'' thm1 in
(min_expansion ectxt (thm1', thm2, basis''), basis'') end)
| expand'' ectxt (Max (e1, e2)) basis = ( case try_prove_ev_eq ectxt (apply2 expr_to_term (e1, e2)) of
SOME eq_thm =>
expand' ectxt e1 basis
|> apfst (fn thm => @{thm expands_to_max_eq} OF [thm, eq_thm])
| NONE => let val (thm1, basis') = expand' ectxt e1 basis val (thm2, basis'') = expand' ectxt e2 basis' val thm1' = lift basis'' thm1 in
(max_expansion ectxt (thm1', thm2, basis''), basis'') end)
| expand'' ectxt (Sin e) basis = let val (thm, basis', _, _) = trim_nz Simple_Trim ectxt e basis (* TODO could be relaxed *) in
(sin_cos_expansion ectxt thm basis' |> fst, basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Cos e) basis = let val (thm, basis', _, _) = trim_nz Simple_Trim ectxt e basis (* TODO could be relaxed *) in
(sin_cos_expansion ectxt thm basis' |> snd, basis') end
| expand'' _ (Floor _) _ = raise TERM ("floor not supported.", [])
| expand'' _ (Ceiling _) _ = raise TERM ("ceiling not supported.", [])
| expand'' _ (Frac _) _ = raise TERM ("frac not supported.", [])
| expand'' _ (NatMod _) _ = raise TERM ("mod not supported.", [])
| expand'' ectxt (ArcTan e) basis = let (* TODO: what if it's zero *) val (thm, basis') = expand' ectxt e basis in
(arctan_expansion ectxt basis' thm, basis') end
| expand'' ectxt (Custom (name, t, args)) basis = let fun expand_args acc basis [] = (rev acc, basis)
| expand_args acc basis (arg :: args) = case expand' ectxt arg basis of
(thm, basis') => expand_args (thm :: acc) basis' args in case expand_custom (get_ctxt ectxt) name of
NONE => raise TERM ("Unsupported custom function: " ^ name, [t])
| SOME e => e ectxt t (expand_args [] basis args) end
and expand' ectxt (e' as (Inverse e)) basis = let val t = expr_to_term e fun thm wf_thm len_thm =
@{thm expands_to_basic_inverse} OF [wf_thm, len_thm] in if member abconv (get_basis_list basis) t then
(expand_basic thm t basis, basis) |> apfst (check_expansion e') else
expand'' ectxt e' basis |> apfst (check_expansion e') end
| expand' ectxt (Div (e1, e2)) basis = let val (thm1, basis') = expand' ectxt e1 basis val t = expr_to_term e2 fun thm wf_thm len_thm =
@{thm expands_to_basic_inverse} OF [wf_thm, len_thm] in if member abconv (get_basis_list basis') t then
(@{thm expands_to_div'} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis', thm1, expand_basic thm t basis'],
basis') else let val (thm2, basis'', _, trimmed_thm) = trim_nz Simple_Trim ectxt e2 basis' val thm1 = lift basis'' thm1 in
(@{thm expands_to_divide} OF [trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis'', thm1, thm2],
basis'') end end
| expand' ectxt (e' as (Powr' (e, p))) basis = let val t = expr_to_term e val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt fun thm wf_thm len_thm =
(Drule.infer_instantiate' ctxt [NONE, NONE, SOME (Thm.cterm_of ctxt p)]
@{thm expands_to_basic_powr}) OF [wf_thm, len_thm] in if member abconv (get_basis_list basis) t then
(expand_basic thm t basis, basis) |> apfst (check_expansion e') else
expand'' ectxt e' basis |> apfst (check_expansion e') end
| expand' ectxt e basis = let val t = expr_to_term e fun thm wf_thm len_thm = @{thm expands_to_basic} OF [wf_thm, len_thm] in if member abconv (get_basis_list basis) t then
(expand_basic thm t basis, basis) |> apfst (check_expansion e) else
expand'' ectxt e basis |> apfst (check_expansion e) end
fun expand ectxt e basis =
expand' ectxt e basis
|> apfst (simplify_expansion ectxt)
|> apfst (check_expansion e)
fun expand_term ectxt t basis = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val (e, eq_thm) = reify ctxt t val (thm, basis) = expand ectxt e basis in
(@{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong'} OF [thm, eq_thm], basis) end
fun expand_terms ectxt ts basis = let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val e_eq_thms = map (reify ctxt) ts fun step (e, eq_thm) (thms, basis) = let val (thm, basis) = expand' ectxt e basis val thm = @{thm expands_to_meta_eq_cong'} OF [simplify_expansion ectxt thm, eq_thm] in
(thm :: thms, basis) end val (thms, basis) = fold step e_eq_thms ([], basis) fun lift thm = lift_expands_to_thm (mk_lifting (extract_basis_list thm) basis) thm in
(map lift (rev thms), basis) end
datatype limit =
Zero_Limit ofbooloption
| Finite_Limit of term
| Infinite_Limit ofbooloption
fun limit_of_expansion_aux ectxt basis thm = let val n = length (get_basis_list basis) val (thm, res, e_thms) =
trim_expansion_while_greater false (SOME (replicate n \<^term>\<open>0::real\<close>)) true
(SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) val trimmed_thm = case res of Trimmed (_, trimmed_thm) => trimmed_thm | _ => NONE val res = case res of Trimmed _ => GREATER | Aborted res => res val exp = get_expansion thm val _ = if res = GREATER andalso is_none trimmed_thm andalso not (is_empty_expansion exp) then raise TERM ("limit_of_expansion", [get_expansion thm]) else () fun go thm _ _ [] = ( case zeroness_oracle false (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (get_expansion thm) of
(IsZero, _) => (Zero_Limit NONE, @{thm expands_to_real_imp_filterlim} OF [thm])
| _ => (Finite_Limit \<^term>\<open>0::real\<close>, @{thm expands_to_real_imp_filterlim} OF [thm]))
| go thm _ basis ((IsNeg, neg_thm) :: _) = (Zero_Limit NONE,
@{thm expands_to_neg_exponent_imp_filterlim} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, neg_thm RS @{thm compare_reals_diff_sgnD(1)}])
| go thm trimmed_thm basis ((IsPos, pos_thm) :: _) = (Infinite_Limit NONE,
@{thm expands_to_pos_exponent_imp_filterlim} OF
[thm, the trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis,
pos_thm RS @{thm compare_reals_diff_sgnD(3)}])
| go thm trimmed_thm basis ((IsZero, zero_thm) :: e_thms) = let val thm' = thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''} val trimmed_thm' = Option.map (fn thm => thm RS @{thm trimmed_hd}) trimmed_thm val (lim, lim_thm) = go thm' trimmed_thm' (tl_basis basis) e_thms val lim_lift_thm = case lim of
Infinite_Limit _ => @{thm expands_to_zero_exponent_imp_filterlim(1)}
| _ => @{thm expands_to_zero_exponent_imp_filterlim(2)} val lim_thm' =
lim_lift_thm OF [thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis,
zero_thm RS @{thm compare_reals_diff_sgnD(2)}, lim_thm] in
(lim, lim_thm') end
| go _ _ _ _ = raiseMatch in if is_empty_expansion exp then
(Zero_Limit NONE, thm RS @{thm expands_to_MSLNil_imp_filterlim}, thm) else case go thm trimmed_thm basis e_thms of
(lim, lim_thm) => (lim, lim_thm, thm) end
(* Determinesthelimitofafunctionfromitsexpansion.Thetwoflagscontrolwhetherthe thesignoftheapproachshouldbedeterminedfortheinfinitecase(i.e.at_top/at_botinstead ofjustat_infinity)andthezerocase(i.e.at_right0/at_left0insteadofjustnhds0)
*) fun limit_of_expansion (sgn_zero, sgn_inf) ectxt (thm, basis) = let val (lim, lim_thm, thm) = limit_of_expansion_aux ectxt basis thm in case lim of
Zero_Limit _ => ( if sgn_zero then case trim_expansion false (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, IsPos, SOME pos_thm) => (Zero_Limit (SOME true),
@{thm tendsto_imp_filterlim_at_right[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_pos]} OF
[lim_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, pos_thm])
| (thm, IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) => (Zero_Limit (SOME false),
@{thm tendsto_imp_filterlim_at_left[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_neg]} OF
[lim_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, neg_thm])
| _ => (Zero_Limit NONE, lim_thm) else (Zero_Limit NONE, lim_thm))
| Infinite_Limit _ => ( if sgn_inf then case trim_expansion false (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, IsPos, SOME pos_thm) => (Infinite_Limit (SOME true),
(@{thm filterlim_at_infinity_imp_filterlim_at_top[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_pos]} OF
[lim_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, pos_thm]))
| (thm, IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) => (Infinite_Limit (SOME false),
@{thm filterlim_at_infinity_imp_filterlim_at_bot[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_neg]} OF
[lim_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, neg_thm])
| _ => (Infinite_Limit NONE, lim_thm) else (Infinite_Limit NONE, lim_thm))
| Finite_Limit c => (Finite_Limit c, lim_thm) end
fun compute_limit ectxt t = case expand_term ectxt t default_basis of
(thm, basis) => limit_of_expansion (true, true) ectxt (thm, basis)
fun prove_at_infinity ectxt (thm, basis) = let fun err () = raise TERM ("prove_at_infinity", [get_expanded_fun thm]) val (thm, _, SOME trimmed_thm) = trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) fun go basis thm trimmed_thm = if fastype_of (get_expansion thm) = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
err () else case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Pos_Trim) ectxt (get_exponent (get_expansion thm)) of
(IsPos, SOME pos_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_pos_exponent_imp_filterlim} OF
[thm, trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, pos_thm]
| (IsZero, SOME zero_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_zero_exponent_imp_filterlim(1)} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, zero_thm,
go (tl_basis basis) (thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''})
(trimmed_thm RS @{thm trimmed_hd})]
| _ => err () in
go basis thm trimmed_thm end
fun prove_at_top_at_bot mode ectxt (thm, basis) = let val s = if mode = Pos_Trim then"prove_at_top"else"prove_at_bot" fun err () = raise TERM (s, [get_expanded_fun thm]) val (thm, _, SOME trimmed_thm) = trim_expansion true (SOME mode) ectxt (thm, basis) val trimmed_thm' = trimmed_thm RS
(if mode = Pos_Trim then @{thm trimmed_pos_imp_trimmed} else @{thm trimmed_neg_imp_trimmed}) fun go basis thm trimmed_thm = if fastype_of (get_expansion thm) = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
err () else case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Pos_Trim) ectxt (get_exponent (get_expansion thm)) of
(IsPos, SOME pos_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_pos_exponent_imp_filterlim} OF
[thm, trimmed_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, pos_thm]
| (IsZero, SOME zero_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_zero_exponent_imp_filterlim(1)} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, zero_thm,
go (tl_basis basis) (thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''})
(trimmed_thm RS @{thm trimmed_hd})]
| _ => err () val lim_thm = go basis thm trimmed_thm' val add_sign_thm = if mode = Pos_Trim then
@{thm filterlim_at_infinity_imp_filterlim_at_top[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_pos]} else
@{thm filterlim_at_infinity_imp_filterlim_at_bot[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_neg]} in
add_sign_thm OF [lim_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, trimmed_thm] end
val prove_at_top = prove_at_top_at_bot Pos_Trim val prove_at_bot = prove_at_top_at_bot Neg_Trim
fun prove_at_aux mode ectxt (thm, basis) = let val (s, add_sign_thm) = case mode of
Simple_Trim =>
("prove_at_0", @{thm Topological_Spaces.filterlim_atI[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_nz]})
| Pos_Trim =>
("prove_at_right_0",
@{thm tendsto_imp_filterlim_at_right[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_pos]})
| Neg_Trim =>
("prove_at_left_0",
@{thm tendsto_imp_filterlim_at_left[OF _ expands_to_imp_eventually_neg]}) fun err () = raise TERM (s, [get_expanded_fun thm]) val (thm, _, SOME trimmed_thm) = trim_expansion true (SOME mode) ectxt (thm, basis) fun go basis thm = if fastype_of (get_expansion thm) = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
err () else case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Neg_Trim) ectxt (get_exponent (get_expansion thm)) of
(IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_neg_exponent_imp_filterlim} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, neg_thm]
| (IsZero, SOME zero_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_zero_exponent_imp_filterlim(2)} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, zero_thm,
go (tl_basis basis) (thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''})]
| _ => err () val lim_thm = go basis thm in
add_sign_thm OF [lim_thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, trimmed_thm] end
val prove_at_0 = prove_at_aux Simple_Trim val prove_at_left_0 = prove_at_aux Neg_Trim val prove_at_right_0 = prove_at_aux Pos_Trim
fun prove_nhds ectxt (thm, basis) = let fun simplify (a, b, c) = (a, simplify_expansion ectxt b, c) fun go thm basis = if fastype_of (get_expansion thm) = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then
@{thm expands_to_real_imp_filterlim} OF [thm] else case whnf_expansion ectxt thm |> simplify of
(NONE, thm, _) => @{thm expands_to_MSLNil_imp_filterlim} OF [thm]
| (SOME _, thm, _) => ( case zeroness_oracle true (SOME Sgn_Trim) ectxt (get_exponent (get_expansion thm)) of
(IsZero, SOME zero_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_zero_exponent_imp_filterlim(2)} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, zero_thm,
go (thm RS @{thm expands_to_hd''}) (tl_basis basis)]
| (IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_neg_exponent_imp_filterlim} OF
[thm, get_basis_wf_thm basis, neg_thm]
| (IsPos, _) =>
go (try_drop_leading_term ectxt thm) basis
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in prove_nhds",
[get_exponent (get_expansion thm)])) in
go thm basis end
fun prove_equivalent theta ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = let val ((thm1, _, SOME trimmed_thm1), (thm2, _, SOME trimmed_thm2)) =
apply2 (trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt) ((thm1, basis), (thm2, basis)) val pat = ConsPat (\<^const_name>\<open>Pair\<close>, [ConsPat (\<^const_name>\<open>Lazy_Eval.cmp_result.EQ\<close>, []),
ConsPat (\<^const_name>\<open>Pair\<close>, [AnyPat ("_", 0), AnyPat ("_", 0)])]) val (exp1, exp2) = apply2 get_expansion (thm1, thm2) val T = fastype_of exp1 val t = mk_compare_expansions_const T $ exp1 $ exp2 fun eq_thm conv = HOLogic.mk_obj_eq (conv (Thm.cterm_of (get_ctxt ectxt) t)) val imp_thm = if theta then @{thm compare_expansions_EQ_imp_bigtheta} else @{thm compare_expansions_EQ_same} in casematch ectxt pat t (SOME []) of
(SOME _, t, conv) => let val [_, c1, c2] = HOLogic.strip_tuple t val c12_thm = if theta then [] else [the (try_prove_real_eq true ectxt (c1, c2))] in
imp_thm OF ([eq_thm conv, trimmed_thm1, trimmed_thm2, thm1, thm2, get_basis_wf_thm basis]
@ c12_thm) end
| _ => raise TERM ("prove_equivalent", map get_expanded_fun [thm1, thm2]) end
val prove_bigtheta = prove_equivalent true val prove_asymp_equiv = prove_equivalent false
fun print_trimming_error s ectxt exp = let val c = get_coeff exp val t = if fastype_of c = \<^typ>\<open>real\<close> then c else get_eval c in if #verbose (#ctxt ectxt) then let val ctxt = get_ctxt ectxt val p = Pretty.str "real_asymp failed to show zeroness of the following expression:" val p = Pretty.chunks [p, Pretty.indent 2 (Syntax.pretty_term ctxt t)] val _ = Pretty.writeln p in raise TERM (s, [t]) end else raise TERM (s, [t]) end
fun prove_smallo ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = let val (thm2, _, SOME trimmed_thm) = trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm2, basis) val es = get_exponents (get_expansion thm2) in case trim_expansion_while_greater true (SOME es) false NONE ectxt (thm1, basis) of
(thm1, Aborted LESS, thms) =>
@{thm compare_expansions_LT} OF [prove_compare_expansions LESS (map snd thms),
trimmed_thm, thm1, thm2, get_basis_wf_thm basis]
| (thm1, Aborted _, _) =>
print_trimming_error "prove_smallo" ectxt (get_expansion thm1)
| (thm1, Trimmed _, _) =>
print_trimming_error "prove_smallo" ectxt (get_expansion thm1) end
fun prove_bigo ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = let val (thm2, _, SOME trimmed_thm) = trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm2, basis) val es = get_exponents (get_expansion thm2) in case trim_expansion_while_greater false (SOME es) false NONE ectxt (thm1, basis) of
(thm1, Aborted LESS, thms) =>
@{thm landau_o.small_imp_big[OF compare_expansions_LT]} OF
[prove_compare_expansions LESS (map snd thms), trimmed_thm, thm1, thm2,
get_basis_wf_thm basis]
| (thm1, Aborted EQ, thms) =>
@{thm compare_expansions_EQ_imp_bigo} OF [prove_compare_expansions EQ (map snd thms),
trimmed_thm, thm1, thm2, get_basis_wf_thm basis]
| (thm1, Trimmed _, _) =>
print_trimming_error "prove_bigo" ectxt (get_expansion thm1) end
fun prove_asymptotic_relation_aux mode f ectxt (thm1, thm2, basis) = f ( let val thm = @{thm expands_to_minus} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm1, thm2] in case ev_zeroness_oracle ectxt (get_expanded_fun thm) of
SOME zero_thm => (EQUAL, zero_thm RS @{thm eventually_diff_zero_imp_eq})
| _ => ( case trim_expansion true (SOME mode) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, IsPos, SOME pos_thm) =>
(GREATER, @{thm expands_to_imp_eventually_gt} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, pos_thm])
| (thm, IsNeg, SOME neg_thm) =>
(LESS, @{thm expands_to_imp_eventually_lt} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, neg_thm])
| _ => raise TERM ("Unexpected zeroness result in prove_asymptotic_relation", [])) end)
val prove_eventually_greater = prove_asymptotic_relation_aux Pos_Trim snd val prove_eventually_less = prove_asymptotic_relation_aux Neg_Trim snd val prove_asymptotic_relation = prove_asymptotic_relation_aux Sgn_Trim I
fun prove_eventually_nonzero ectxt (thm, basis) = case trim_expansion true (SOME Simple_Trim) ectxt (thm, basis) of
(thm, _, SOME trimmed_thm) =>
@{thm expands_to_imp_eventually_nz} OF [get_basis_wf_thm basis, thm, trimmed_thm]
| _ => raise TERM ("prove_eventually_nonzero", [get_expanded_fun thm])
fun extract_terms (n, strict) ectxt basis t = let val bs = get_basis_list basis fun mk_constfun c = (Abs ("x", \<^typ>\<open>real\<close>, c)) val const_0 = mk_constfun \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close> val const_1 = mk_constfun \<^term>\<open>1 :: real\<close> fun uminus t = Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real\<Rightarrow>real) x. -f x\<close>, t) fun betapply2 a b c = Term.betapply (Term.betapply (a, b), c)
fun mk_sum' [] acc = acc
| mk_sum' ((t, sgn) :: ts) acc = mk_sum' ts ( if sgn then
betapply2 \<^term>\<open>%(f::real=>real) g x. f x - g x\<close> acc t else
betapply2 \<^term>\<open>%(f::real=>real) g x. f x + g x\<close> acc t) fun mk_sum [] = const_0
| mk_sum ((t, sgn) :: ts) = mk_sum' ts (if sgn then uminus t else t)
fun mk_mult a b = if a aconv const_0 then
const_0 elseif b aconv const_0 then
const_0 elseif a aconv \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>_::real. 1 :: real\<close> then
b elseif b aconv \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>_::real. 1 :: real\<close> then
a elseif a aconv \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>_::real. -1 :: real\<close> then
Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real\<Rightarrow>real) x. -f x\<close>, b) elseif b aconv \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>_::real. -1 :: real\<close> then
Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>(f::real\<Rightarrow>real) x. -f x\<close>, a) else
Abs ("x", \<^typ>\<open>real\<close>, \<^term>\<open>(*) :: real => _\<close> $
(Term.betapply (a, Bound 0)) $ (Term.betapply (b, Bound 0)))
fun mk_powr b e = if e = \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close> then
const_1 else let val n = HOLogic.dest_number e |> snd in if n >= 0then
Term.betapply (Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>%(b::real=>real) e x. b x ^ e\<close>, b),
HOLogic.mk_number \<^typ>\<open>nat\<close> n) else
Term.betapply (Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>%(b::real=>real) e x. b x powr e\<close>, b), e) end handle TERM _ =>
Term.betapply (Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>%(b::real=>real) e x. b x powr e\<close>, b), e)
fun mk_scale_elem b e acc = let val e = simplify_term ectxt e in if e = \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close> then
acc elseif e = \<^term>\<open>1 :: real\<close> then
mk_mult acc b else
mk_mult acc (mk_powr b e) end
fun mk_scale_elems [] _ acc = acc
| mk_scale_elems (b :: bs) (e :: es) acc =
mk_scale_elems bs es (mk_scale_elem b e acc)
| mk_scale_elems _ _ _ = raiseMatch
fun mk_summand c es = let val es = mk_scale_elems bs es \<^term>\<open>\<lambda>_::real. 1 :: real\<close> in case c of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>uminus\<close>, _) $ c => ((c, true), es)
| _ => ((c, false), es) end
fun go _ _ _ acc 0 = (acc, 0)
| go 0 es t acc n = let val c = simplify_term ectxt t in if strict andalso c = \<^term>\<open>0 :: real\<close> then
(acc, n) else
(mk_summand c (rev es) :: acc, n - 1) end
| go m es t acc n = case Lazy_Eval.whnf ectxt t |> fst of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MS\<close>, _) $ cs $ _ =>
go' m es (simplify_term ectxt cs) acc n
| _ => raise TERM("extract_terms", [t]) and go' _ _ _ acc 0 = (acc, 0)
| go' m es cs acc n = case Lazy_Eval.whnf ectxt cs |> fst of Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MSLNil\<close>, _) => (acc, n)
| Const (\<^const_name>\<open>MSLCons\<close>, _) $ c $ cs => ( case Lazy_Eval.whnf ectxt c |> fst |> HOLogic.dest_prod of
(c, e) => case go (m - 1) (e :: es) c acc n of
(acc, n) => go' m es (simplify_term ectxt cs) acc n)
| _ => raise TERM("extract_terms", [t]) val (summands, remaining) = go (basis_size basis) [] t [] (n + 1) val (summands, error) = if remaining = 0then (rev (tl summands), SOME (snd (hd summands))) else (rev summands, NONE) val summands = map (fn ((c, sgn), es) => (mk_mult (mk_constfun c) es, sgn)) summands val error = Option.map (fn err => Term.betapply (\<^term>\<open>\<lambda>f::real\<Rightarrow>real. O(f)\<close>, err)) error val expansion = mk_sum summands in
(expansion, error) end
end
structure Multiseries_Expansion_Basic : EXPANSION_INTERFACE = struct open Multiseries_Expansion;
type T = expansion_thm
val expand_term = expand_term val expand_terms = expand_terms
val prove_nhds = prove_nhds val prove_at_infinity = prove_at_infinity val prove_at_top = prove_at_top val prove_at_bot = prove_at_bot val prove_at_0 = prove_at_0 val prove_at_right_0 = prove_at_right_0 val prove_at_left_0 = prove_at_left_0 val prove_eventually_nonzero = prove_eventually_nonzero
val prove_eventually_less = prove_eventually_less val prove_eventually_greater = prove_eventually_greater
val prove_smallo = prove_smallo val prove_bigo = prove_bigo val prove_bigtheta = prove_bigtheta val prove_asymp_equiv = prove_asymp_equiv
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