abbreviation inv_gorder :: "_ \ 'a gorder"where "inv_gorder L \ ( carrier = carrier L,
eq = (.=🚫L🚫),
le = (λ x y. y ⊑🚫L 🚫x) )"
lemma inv_gorder_inv: "inv_gorder (inv_gorder L) = L" by simp
locale weak_partial_order = equivalence L for L (structure) + assumes le_refl [intro, simp]: "x \ carrier L \ x \ x" and weak_le_antisym [intro]: "\x \ y; y \ x; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x .= y" and le_trans [trans]: "\x \ y; y \ z; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L; z \ carrier L\ \ x \ z" and le_cong: "\x .= y; z .= w; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L; z \ carrier L; w \ carrier L\ \
x ⊑ z ⟷ y ⊑ w"
definition
lless :: "[_, 'a, 'a] => bool" (infixl‹⊏🍋› 50) where"x \\<^bsub>L\<^esub> y \ x \\<^bsub>L\<^esub> y \ x .\\<^bsub>L\<^esub> y"
subsubsection ‹The order relation›
context weak_partial_order begin
lemma le_cong_l [intro, trans]: "\x .= y; y \ z; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L; z \ carrier L\ \ x \ z" by (auto intro: le_cong [THEN iffD2])
lemma le_cong_r [intro, trans]: "\x \ y; y .= z; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L; z \ carrier L\ \ x \ z" by (auto intro: le_cong [THEN iffD1])
lemma weak_refl [intro, simp]: "\x .= y; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x \ y" by (simp add: le_cong_l)
end
lemma weak_llessI: fixes R (structure) assumes"x \ y"and"\(x .= y)" shows"x \ y" using assms unfolding lless_def by simp
lemma lless_imp_le: fixes R (structure) assumes"x \ y" shows"x \ y" using assms unfolding lless_def by simp
lemma weak_lless_imp_not_eq: fixes R (structure) assumes"x \ y" shows"\ (x .= y)" using assms unfolding lless_def by simp
lemma weak_llessE: fixes R (structure) assumes p: "x \ y"and e: "\x \ y; \ (x .= y)\ \ P" shows"P" using p by (blast dest: lless_imp_le weak_lless_imp_not_eq e)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) lless_cong_l [trans]: assumes xx': "x .= x'" and xy: "x' \ y" and carr: "x \ carrier L""x' \ carrier L""y \ carrier L" shows"x \ y" using assms unfolding lless_def by (auto intro: trans sym)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) lless_cong_r [trans]: assumes xy: "x \ y" and yy': "y .= y'" and carr: "x \ carrier L""y \ carrier L""y' \ carrier L" shows"x \ y'" using assms unfolding lless_def by (auto intro: trans sym) (*slow*)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) lless_antisym: assumes"a \ carrier L""b \ carrier L" and"a \ b""b \ a" shows"P" using assms by (elim weak_llessE) auto
lemma (in weak_partial_order) lless_trans [trans]: assumes"a \ b""b \ c" and carr[simp]: "a \ carrier L""b \ carrier L""c \ carrier L" shows"a \ c" using assms unfolding lless_def by (blast dest: le_trans intro: sym)
lemma weak_partial_order_subset: assumes"weak_partial_order L""A \ carrier L" shows"weak_partial_order (L\ carrier := A \)" proof - interpret L: weak_partial_order L by (simp add: assms) interpret equivalence "(L\ carrier := A \)" by (simp add: L.equivalence_axioms assms(2) equivalence_subset) show ?thesis apply (unfold_locales, simp_all) using assms(2) apply auto[1] using assms(2) apply auto[1] apply (meson L.le_trans assms(2) contra_subsetD) apply (meson L.le_cong assms(2) subsetCE) done qed
subsubsection ‹Upper and lower bounds of a set›
definition
Upper :: "[_, 'a set] => 'a set" where"Upper L A = {u. (\x. x \ A \ carrier L \ x \\<^bsub>L\<^esub> u)} \ carrier L"
definition
Lower :: "[_, 'a set] => 'a set" where"Lower L A = {l. (\x. x \ A \ carrier L \ l \\<^bsub>L\<^esub> x)} \ carrier L"
lemma Lower_dual [simp]: "Lower (inv_gorder L) A = Upper L A" by (simp add:Upper_def Lower_def)
lemma Upper_dual [simp]: "Upper (inv_gorder L) A = Lower L A" by (simp add:Upper_def Lower_def)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) equivalence_dual: "equivalence (inv_gorder L)" by (rule equivalence.intro) (auto simp: intro: sym trans)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) dual_weak_order: "weak_partial_order (inv_gorder L)" by intro_locales (auto simp add: weak_partial_order_axioms_def le_cong intro: equivalence_dual le_trans)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) dual_eq_iff [simp]: "A {.=}\<^bsub>inv_gorder L\<^esub> A' \ A {.=} A'" by (auto simp: set_eq_def elem_def)
lemma dual_weak_order_iff: "weak_partial_order (inv_gorder A) \ weak_partial_order A" proof assume"weak_partial_order (inv_gorder A)" theninterpret dpo: weak_partial_order "inv_gorder A"
rewrites "carrier (inv_gorder A) = carrier A" and"le (inv_gorder A) = (\ x y. le A y x)" and"eq (inv_gorder A) = eq A" by (simp_all) show"weak_partial_order A" by (unfold_locales, auto intro: dpo.sym dpo.trans dpo.le_trans) next assume"weak_partial_order A" thus"weak_partial_order (inv_gorder A)" by (metis weak_partial_order.dual_weak_order) qed
lemma Upper_closed [iff]: "Upper L A \ carrier L" by (unfold Upper_def) clarify
lemma Upper_memD [dest]: fixes L (structure) shows"\u \ Upper L A; x \ A; A \ carrier L\ \ x \ u \ u \ carrier L" by (unfold Upper_def) blast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Upper_elemD [dest]: "\u .\ Upper L A; u \ carrier L; x \ A; A \ carrier L\ \ x \ u" unfolding Upper_def elem_def by (blast dest: sym)
lemma Upper_memI: fixes L (structure) shows"\!! y. y \ A \ y \ x; x \ carrier L\ \ x \ Upper L A" by (unfold Upper_def) blast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Upper_elemI: "\!! y. y \ A \ y \ x; x \ carrier L\ \ x .\ Upper L A" unfolding Upper_def by blast
lemma Upper_antimono: "A \ B \ Upper L B \ Upper L A" by (unfold Upper_def) blast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Upper_is_closed [simp]: "A \ carrier L \ is_closed (Upper L A)" by (rule is_closedI) (blast intro: Upper_memI)+
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Upper_mem_cong: assumes"a' \ carrier L""A \ carrier L""a .= a'""a \ Upper L A" shows"a' \ Upper L A" by (metis assms Upper_closed Upper_is_closed closure_of_eq complete_classes)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Upper_semi_cong: assumes"A \ carrier L""A {.=} A'" shows"Upper L A \ Upper L A'" unfolding Upper_def by clarsimp (meson assms equivalence.refl equivalence_axioms le_cong set_eqD2 subset_eq)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Upper_cong: assumes"A \ carrier L""A' \ carrier L""A {.=} A'" shows"Upper L A = Upper L A'" using assms by (simp add: Upper_semi_cong set_eq_sym subset_antisym)
lemma Lower_closed [intro!, simp]: "Lower L A \ carrier L" by (unfold Lower_def) clarify
lemma Lower_memD [dest]: fixes L (structure) shows"\l \ Lower L A; x \ A; A \ carrier L\ \ l \ x \ l \ carrier L" by (unfold Lower_def) blast
lemma Lower_memI: fixes L (structure) shows"\!! y. y \ A \ x \ y; x \ carrier L\ \ x \ Lower L A" by (unfold Lower_def) blast
lemma Lower_antimono: "A \ B \ Lower L B \ Lower L A" by (unfold Lower_def) blast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Lower_is_closed [simp]: "A \ carrier L \ is_closed (Lower L A)" by (rule is_closedI) (blast intro: Lower_memI dest: sym)+
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Lower_mem_cong: assumes"a' \ carrier L""A \ carrier L""a .= a'""a \ Lower L A" shows"a' \ Lower L A" by (meson assms Lower_closed Lower_is_closed is_closed_eq subsetCE)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) Lower_cong: assumes"A \ carrier L""A' \ carrier L""A {.=} A'" shows"Lower L A = Lower L A'" unfolding Upper_dual [symmetric] by (rule weak_partial_order.Upper_cong [OF dual_weak_order]) (simp_all add: assms)
text‹Jacobson: Theorem 8.1›
lemma Lower_empty [simp]: "Lower L {} = carrier L" by (unfold Lower_def) simp
lemma Upper_empty [simp]: "Upper L {} = carrier L" by (unfold Upper_def) simp
subsubsection ‹Least and greatest, as predicate›
definition
least :: "[_, 'a, 'a set] => bool" where"least L l A \ A \ carrier L \ l \ A \ (\x\A. l \\<^bsub>L\<^esub> x)"
definition
greatest :: "[_, 'a, 'a set] => bool" where"greatest L g A \ A \ carrier L \ g \ A \ (\x\A. x \\<^bsub>L\<^esub> g)"
text (in weak_partial_order) ‹Could weaken these to🍋‹l ∈ carrier L ∧ l .∈ A›and🍋‹g ∈ carrier L ∧ g .∈ A›.›
lemma least_dual [simp]: "least (inv_gorder L) x A = greatest L x A" by (simp add:least_def greatest_def)
lemma greatest_dual [simp]: "greatest (inv_gorder L) x A = least L x A" by (simp add:least_def greatest_def)
lemma least_closed [intro, simp]: "least L l A \ l \ carrier L" by (unfold least_def) fast
lemma least_mem: "least L l A \ l \ A" by (unfold least_def) fast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) weak_least_unique: "\least L x A; least L y A\ \ x .= y" by (unfold least_def) blast
lemma least_le: fixes L (structure) shows"\least L x A; a \ A\ \ x \ a" by (unfold least_def) fast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) least_cong: "\x .= x'; x \ carrier L; x' \ carrier L; is_closed A\ \ least L x A = least L x' A" unfolding least_def by (meson is_closed_eq is_closed_eq_rev le_cong local.refl subset_iff)
abbreviation is_lub :: "[_, 'a, 'a set] => bool" where"is_lub L x A \ least L x (Upper L A)"
text (in weak_partial_order) ‹🍋‹least›is not congruent in the second parameter for 🍋‹A {.=} A'\\
lemma (in weak_partial_order) least_Upper_cong_l: assumes"x .= x'" and"x \ carrier L""x' \ carrier L" and"A \ carrier L" shows"least L x (Upper L A) = least L x' (Upper L A)" apply (rule least_cong) using assms by auto
lemma (in weak_partial_order) least_Upper_cong_r: assumes"A \ carrier L""A' \ carrier L""A {.=} A'" shows"least L x (Upper L A) = least L x (Upper L A')" using Upper_cong assms by auto
lemma least_UpperI: fixes L (structure) assumes above: "!! x. x \ A \ x \ s" and below: "!! y. y \ Upper L A \ s \ y" and L: "A \ carrier L""s \ carrier L" shows"least L s (Upper L A)" proof - have"Upper L A \ carrier L"by simp moreoverfrom above L have"s \ Upper L A"by (simp add: Upper_def) moreoverfrom below have"\x \ Upper L A. s \ x"by fast ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (simp add: least_def) qed
lemma least_Upper_above: fixes L (structure) shows"\least L s (Upper L A); x \ A; A \ carrier L\ \ x \ s" by (unfold least_def) blast
lemma greatest_closed [intro, simp]: "greatest L l A \ l \ carrier L" by (unfold greatest_def) fast
lemma greatest_mem: "greatest L l A \ l \ A" by (unfold greatest_def) fast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) weak_greatest_unique: "\greatest L x A; greatest L y A\ \ x .= y" by (unfold greatest_def) blast
lemma greatest_le: fixes L (structure) shows"\greatest L x A; a \ A\ \ a \ x" by (unfold greatest_def) fast
lemma (in weak_partial_order) greatest_cong: "\x .= x'; x \ carrier L; x' \ carrier L; is_closed A\ \
greatest L x A = greatest L x' A" unfolding greatest_def by (meson is_closed_eq_rev le_cong_r local.sym subset_eq)
abbreviation is_glb :: "[_, 'a, 'a set] => bool" where"is_glb L x A \ greatest L x (Lower L A)"
text (in weak_partial_order) ‹🍋‹greatest›is not congruent in the second parameter for 🍋‹A {.=} A'\ \
lemma (in weak_partial_order) greatest_Lower_cong_l: assumes"x .= x'" and"x \ carrier L""x' \ carrier L" shows"greatest L x (Lower L A) = greatest L x' (Lower L A)" proof - have"\A. is_closed (Lower L (A \ carrier L))" by simp thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: Lower_def assms greatest_cong) qed
lemma (in weak_partial_order) greatest_Lower_cong_r: assumes"A \ carrier L""A' \ carrier L""A {.=} A'" shows"greatest L x (Lower L A) = greatest L x (Lower L A')" using Lower_cong assms by auto
lemma greatest_LowerI: fixes L (structure) assumes below: "!! x. x \ A \ i \ x" and above: "!! y. y \ Lower L A \ y \ i" and L: "A \ carrier L""i \ carrier L" shows"greatest L i (Lower L A)" proof - have"Lower L A \ carrier L"by simp moreoverfrom below L have"i \ Lower L A"by (simp add: Lower_def) moreoverfrom above have"\x \ Lower L A. x \ i"by fast ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (simp add: greatest_def) qed
lemma greatest_Lower_below: fixes L (structure) shows"\greatest L i (Lower L A); x \ A; A \ carrier L\ \ i \ x" by (unfold greatest_def) blast
subsubsection ‹Intervals›
definition
at_least_at_most :: "('a, 'c) gorder_scheme \ 'a => 'a => 'a set"
(‹(‹indent=1 notation=‹mixfix interval››{_.._}🍋)›) where"\l..u\\<^bsub>A\<^esub> = {x \ carrier A. l \\<^bsub>A\<^esub> x \ x \\<^bsub>A\<^esub> u}"
context weak_partial_order begin
lemma at_least_at_most_upper [dest]: "x \ \a..b\ \ x \ b" by (simp add: at_least_at_most_def)
lemma at_least_at_most_lower [dest]: "x \ \a..b\ \ a \ x" by (simp add: at_least_at_most_def)
lemma at_least_at_most_member [intro]: "\x \ carrier L; a \ x; x \ b\ \ x \ \a..b\" by (simp add: at_least_at_most_def)
end
subsubsection ‹Isotone functions›
definition isotone :: "('a, 'c) gorder_scheme \ ('b, 'd) gorder_scheme \ ('a \ 'b) \ bool" where "isotone A B f \
weak_partial_order A ∧ weak_partial_order B ∧
(∀x∈carrier A. ∀y∈carrier A. x ⊑🚫A🚫 y ⟶ f x ⊑🚫B🚫 f y)"
lemma isotoneI [intro?]: fixes f :: "'a \ 'b" assumes"weak_partial_order L1" "weak_partial_order L2" "(\x y. \x \ carrier L1; y \ carrier L1; x \\<^bsub>L1\<^esub> y\ ==> f x ⊑🚫L2🚫 f y)" shows"isotone L1 L2 f" using assms by (auto simp add:isotone_def)
abbreviation Monotone :: "('a, 'b) gorder_scheme \ ('a \ 'a) \ bool"
(‹(‹open_block notation=‹prefix Mono››Mono🍋)›) where"Mono\<^bsub>L\<^esub> f \ isotone L L f"
lemma use_iso1: "\isotone A A f; x \ carrier A; y \ carrier A; x \\<^bsub>A\<^esub> y\ \
f x ⊑🚫A🚫 f y" by (simp add: isotone_def)
lemma use_iso2: "\isotone A B f; x \ carrier A; y \ carrier A; x \\<^bsub>A\<^esub> y\ \
f x ⊑🚫B🚫 f y" by (simp add: isotone_def)
lemma iso_compose: "\f \ carrier A \ carrier B; isotone A B f; g \ carrier B \ carrier C; isotone B C g\ \
isotone A C (g ∘ f)" by (simp add: isotone_def, safe, metis Pi_iff)
lemma (in weak_partial_order) inv_isotone [simp]: "isotone (inv_gorder A) (inv_gorder B) f = isotone A B f" by (auto simp add:isotone_def dual_weak_order dual_weak_order_iff)
subsubsection ‹Idempotent functions›
definition idempotent :: "('a, 'b) gorder_scheme \ ('a \ 'a) \ bool"
(‹(‹open_block notation=‹prefix Idem››Idem🍋)›) where"Idem\<^bsub>L\<^esub> f \ \x\carrier L. f (f x) .=\<^bsub>L\<^esub> f x"
lemma (in weak_partial_order) idempotent: "\Idem f; x \ carrier L\ \ f (f x) .= f x" by (auto simp add: idempotent_def)
subsubsection ‹Order embeddings›
definition order_emb :: "('a, 'c) gorder_scheme \ ('b, 'd) gorder_scheme \ ('a \ 'b) \ bool" where "order_emb A B f \ weak_partial_order A ∧ weak_partial_order B ∧ (∀x∈carrier A. ∀y∈carrier A. f x ⊑🚫B🚫 f y ⟷ x ⊑🚫A🚫 y )"
lemma order_emb_isotone: "order_emb A B f \ isotone A B f" by (auto simp add: isotone_def order_emb_def)
subsubsection ‹Commuting functions›
definition commuting :: "('a, 'c) gorder_scheme \ ('a \ 'a) \ ('a \ 'a) \ bool"where "commuting A f g = (\x\carrier A. (f \ g) x .=\<^bsub>A\<^esub> (g \ f) x)"
subsection‹Partial orders where‹eq›is the Equality›
lemma le_antisym [intro]: "\x \ y; y \ x; x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x = y" using weak_le_antisym unfolding eq_is_equal .
lemma lless_eq: "x \ y \ x \ y \ x \ y" unfolding lless_def by (simp add: eq_is_equal)
lemma set_eq_is_eq: "A {.=} B \ A = B" by (auto simp add: set_eq_def elem_def eq_is_equal)
end
lemma (in partial_order) dual_order: "partial_order (inv_gorder L)" proof - interpret dwo: weak_partial_order "inv_gorder L" by (metis dual_weak_order) show ?thesis by (unfold_locales, simp add:eq_is_equal) qed
lemma dual_order_iff: "partial_order (inv_gorder A) \ partial_order A" proof assume assm:"partial_order (inv_gorder A)" theninterpret po: partial_order "inv_gorder A"
rewrites "carrier (inv_gorder A) = carrier A" and"le (inv_gorder A) = (\ x y. le A y x)" and"eq (inv_gorder A) = eq A" by (simp_all) show"partial_order A" apply (unfold_locales, simp_all add: po.sym) apply (metis po.trans) apply (metis po.weak_le_antisym, metis po.le_trans) apply (metis (full_types) po.eq_is_equal, metis po.eq_is_equal) done next assume"partial_order A" thus"partial_order (inv_gorder A)" by (metis partial_order.dual_order) qed
text‹Least and greatest, as predicate›
lemma (in partial_order) least_unique: "\least L x A; least L y A\ \ x = y" using weak_least_unique unfolding eq_is_equal .
lemma (in partial_order) greatest_unique: "\greatest L x A; greatest L y A\ \ x = y" using weak_greatest_unique unfolding eq_is_equal .
subsection‹Bounded Orders›
definition
top :: "_ => 'a" (‹⊤🍋›) where "\\<^bsub>L\<^esub> = (SOME x. greatest L x (carrier L))"
definition
bottom :: "_ => 'a" (‹⊥🍋›) where "\\<^bsub>L\<^esub> = (SOME x. least L x (carrier L))"
locale weak_partial_order_bottom = weak_partial_order L for L (structure) + assumes bottom_exists: "\ x. least L x (carrier L)" begin
lemma bottom_least: "least L \ (carrier L)" proof - obtain x where"least L x (carrier L)" by (metis bottom_exists)
thus ?thesis by (auto intro:someI2 simp add: bottom_def) qed
lemma top_higher [simp, intro]: "x \ carrier L \ x \ \" by (metis greatest_le top_greatest)
end
subsection‹Total Orders›
locale weak_total_order = weak_partial_order + assumes total: "\x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x \ y \ y \ x"
text‹Introduction rule: the usual definition of total order›
lemma (in weak_partial_order) weak_total_orderI: assumes total: "!!x y. \x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x \ y \ y \ x" shows"weak_total_order L" by unfold_locales (rule total)
subsection‹Total orders where‹eq›is the Equality›
locale total_order = partial_order + assumes total_order_total: "\x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x \ y \ y \ x"
sublocale total_order < weak?: weak_total_order by unfold_locales (rule total_order_total)
text‹Introduction rule: the usual definition of total order›
lemma (in partial_order) total_orderI: assumes total: "!!x y. \x \ carrier L; y \ carrier L\ \ x \ y \ y \ x" shows"total_order L" by unfold_locales (rule total)
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