locale module = R?: cring + M?: abelian_group M for M (structure) + assumes smult_closed [simp, intro]: "[| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ x ∈ carrier M" and smult_l_distr: "[| a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊕ b) ⊙ x = a ⊙ x ⊕ b ⊙ x" and smult_r_distr: "[| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M; y ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ (x ⊕ y) = a ⊙ x ⊕ a ⊙ y" and smult_assoc1: "[| a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊗ b) ⊙ x = a ⊙ (b ⊙ x)" and smult_one [simp]: "x ∈ carrier M ==> 1⊙ x = x"
locale algebra = module + cring M + assumes smult_assoc2: "[| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M; y ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊙ x) ⊗ y = a ⊙ (x ⊗ y)"
lemma moduleI: fixes R (structure) and M (structure) assumes cring: "cring R" and abelian_group: "abelian_group M" and smult_closed: "!!a x. [| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ x ∈ carrier M" and smult_l_distr: "!!a b x. [| a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊕ b) ⊙ x = (a ⊙ x) ⊕ (b ⊙ x)" and smult_r_distr: "!!a x y. [| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M; y ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ (x ⊕ y) = (a ⊙ x) ⊕ (a ⊙ y)" and smult_assoc1: "!!a b x. [| a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊗ b) ⊙ x = a ⊙ (b ⊙ x)" and smult_one: "!!x. x ∈ carrier M ==> 1⊙ x = x" shows"module R M" by (auto intro: module.intro cring.axioms abelian_group.axioms
module_axioms.intro assms)
lemma algebraI: fixes R (structure) and M (structure) assumes R_cring: "cring R" and M_cring: "cring M" and smult_closed: "!!a x. [| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ x ∈ carrier M" and smult_l_distr: "!!a b x. [| a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊕ b) ⊙ x = (a ⊙ x) ⊕ (b ⊙ x)" and smult_r_distr: "!!a x y. [| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M; y ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ (x ⊕ y) = (a ⊙ x) ⊕ (a ⊙ y)" and smult_assoc1: "!!a b x. [| a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊗ b) ⊙ x = a ⊙ (b ⊙ x)" and smult_one: "!!x. x ∈ carrier M ==> (one R) ⊙ x = x" and smult_assoc2: "!!a x y. [| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M; y ∈ carrier M |] ==> (a ⊙ x) ⊗ y = a ⊙ (x ⊗ y)" shows"algebra R M" apply intro_locales apply (rule cring.axioms ring.axioms abelian_group.axioms comm_monoid.axioms assms)+ apply (rule module_axioms.intro) apply (simp add: smult_closed) apply (simp add: smult_l_distr) apply (simp add: smult_r_distr) apply (simp add: smult_assoc1) apply (simp add: smult_one) apply (rule cring.axioms ring.axioms abelian_group.axioms comm_monoid.axioms assms)+ apply (rule algebra_axioms.intro) apply (simp add: smult_assoc2) done
lemma (in algebra) R_cring: "cring R" ..
lemma (in algebra) M_cring: "cring M" ..
lemma (in algebra) module: "module R M" by (auto intro: moduleI R_cring is_abelian_group smult_l_distr smult_r_distr smult_assoc1)
subsection‹Basic Properties of Modules›
lemma (in module) smult_l_null [simp]: "x ∈ carrier M ==> 0⊙ x = 0" proof- assume M : "x ∈ carrier M" note facts = M smult_closed [OF R.zero_closed] from facts have"0⊙ x = (0⊕0) ⊙ x " using smult_l_distr by auto alsohave"... = 0⊙ x ⊕0⊙ x" using smult_l_distr[of 00 x] facts by auto finallyshow"0⊙ x = 0"using facts by (metis M.add.r_cancel_one') qed
lemma (in module) smult_r_null [simp]: "a ∈ carrier R ==> a ⊙0 = 0" proof - assume R: "a ∈ carrier R" note facts = R smult_closed from facts have"a ⊙0 = (a ⊙0⊕ a ⊙0) ⊕⊖ (a ⊙0)" by (simp add: M.add.inv_solve_right) alsofrom R have"... = a ⊙ (0⊕0) ⊕⊖ (a ⊙0)" by (simp add: smult_r_distr del: M.l_zero M.r_zero) alsofrom facts have"... = 0" by (simp add: M.r_neg) finallyshow ?thesis . qed
lemma (in module) smult_l_minus: "[ a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M ]==> (⊖a) ⊙ x = ⊖ (a ⊙ x)" proof- assume RM: "a ∈ carrier R""x ∈ carrier M" from RM have a_smult: "a ⊙ x ∈ carrier M"by simp from RM have ma_smult: "⊖a ⊙ x ∈ carrier M"by simp note facts = RM a_smult ma_smult from facts have"(⊖a) ⊙ x = (⊖a ⊙ x ⊕ a ⊙ x) ⊕⊖(a ⊙ x)" by (simp add: M.add.inv_solve_right) alsofrom RM have"... = (⊖a ⊕ a) ⊙ x ⊕⊖(a ⊙ x)" by (simp add: smult_l_distr) alsofrom facts smult_l_null have"... = ⊖(a ⊙ x)" by (simp add: R.l_neg) finallyshow ?thesis . qed
lemma (in module) smult_r_minus: "[| a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ carrier M |] ==> a ⊙ (⊖x) = ⊖ (a ⊙ x)" proof - assume RM: "a ∈ carrier R""x ∈ carrier M" note facts = RM smult_closed from facts have"a ⊙ (⊖x) = (a ⊙⊖x ⊕ a ⊙ x) ⊕⊖(a ⊙ x)" by (simp add: M.add.inv_solve_right) alsofrom RM have"... = a ⊙ (⊖x ⊕ x) ⊕⊖(a ⊙ x)" by (simp add: smult_r_distr) alsofrom facts smult_l_null have"... = ⊖(a ⊙ x)" by (metis M.add.inv_closed M.add.inv_solve_right M.l_neg R.zero_closed r_null smult_assoc1) finallyshow ?thesis . qed
lemma (in module) finsum_smult_ldistr: "[ finite A; a ∈ carrier R; f: A → carrier M ]==> a ⊙ (⨁ i ∈ A. (f i)) = (⨁ i ∈ A. ( a ⊙ (f i)))" proof (induct set: finite) case empty thenshow ?case by (metis M.finsum_empty M.zero_closed R.zero_closed r_null smult_assoc1 smult_l_null) next case (insert x F) thenshow ?case by (simp add: Pi_def smult_r_distr) qed
subsection‹Submodules›
locale submodule = subgroup H "add_monoid M"for H and R :: "('a, 'b) ring_scheme"and M (structure)
+ assumes smult_closed [simp, intro]: "[a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ H]==> a ⊙ x ∈ H"
lemma (in module) submoduleI : assumes subset: "H ⊆ carrier M" and zero: "0∈ H" and a_inv: "!!a. a ∈ H ==>⊖ a ∈ H" and add : "∧ a b. [a ∈ H ; b ∈ H]==> a ⊕ b ∈ H" and smult_closed : "∧ a x. [a ∈ carrier R; x ∈ H]==> a ⊙ x ∈ H" shows"submodule H R M" apply (intro submodule.intro subgroup.intro) using assms unfolding submodule_axioms_def by (simp_all add : a_inv_def)
lemma (in module) submoduleE : assumes"submodule H R M" shows"H ⊆ carrier M" and"H ≠ {}" and"∧a. a ∈ H ==>⊖ a ∈ H" and"∧a b. [a ∈ carrier R; b ∈ H]==> a ⊙ b ∈ H" and"∧ a b. [a ∈ H ; b ∈ H]==> a ⊕ b ∈ H" and"∧ x. x ∈ H ==> (a_inv M x) ∈ H" using group.subgroupE[of "add_monoid M" H, OF _ submodule.axioms(1)[OF assms]] a_comm_group
submodule.smult_closed[OF assms] unfolding comm_group_def a_inv_def by auto
lemma (in module) carrier_is_submodule : "submodule (carrier M) R M" apply (intro submoduleI) using a_comm_group group.inv_closed unfolding comm_group_def a_inv_def group_def monoid_def by auto
lemma (in submodule) submodule_is_module : assumes"module R M" shows"module R (M(carrier := H))" proof (auto intro! : moduleI abelian_group.intro) show"cring (R)"using assms unfolding module_def by auto show"abelian_monoid (M(carrier := H))" using comm_monoid.submonoid_is_comm_monoid[OF _ subgroup_is_submonoid] assms unfolding abelian_monoid_def module_def abelian_group_def by auto thus"abelian_group_axioms (M(carrier := H))" using subgroup_is_group assms unfolding abelian_group_axioms_def comm_group_def abelian_monoid_def module_def abelian_group_def by auto show"∧z. z ∈ H ==>1⊙ z = z" using subgroup.subset[OF subgroup_axioms] module.smult_one[OF assms] by auto fix a b x y assume a : "a ∈ carrier R"and b : "b ∈ carrier R"and x : "x ∈ H"and y : "y ∈ H" show"(a ⊕ b) ⊙ x = a ⊙ x ⊕ b ⊙ x" using a b x module.smult_l_distr[OF assms] subgroup.subset[OF subgroup_axioms] by auto show"a ⊙ (x ⊕ y) = a ⊙ x ⊕ a ⊙ y" using a x y module.smult_r_distr[OF assms] subgroup.subset[OF subgroup_axioms] by auto show"a ⊗ b ⊙ x = a ⊙ (b ⊙ x)" using a b x module.smult_assoc1[OF assms] subgroup.subset[OF subgroup_axioms] by auto qed
lemma (in module) module_incl_imp_submodule : assumes"H ⊆ carrier M" and"module R (M(carrier := H))" shows"submodule H R M" apply (intro submodule.intro) using add.group_incl_imp_subgroup[OF assms(1)] assms module.axioms(2)[OF assms(2)]
module.smult_closed[OF assms(2)] unfolding abelian_group_def abelian_group_axioms_def comm_group_def submodule_axioms_def by simp_all
end
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