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<div class="ChapSects" ><a href="chap4.html#X7FE838537D4DF8E7" >4 <span class="Heading" >The Tate Resolution</span ></a>
<div class="ContSect" ><span class="tocline" ><span class="nocss" > </span ><a href="chap4.html#X83CE0B0785329667" >4.1 <span class="Heading" >The Tate Resolution: Operations and Functions</span ></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock" >
<span class="ContSS" ><br /><span class="nocss" > </span ><a href="chap4.html#X7A9DCED27D5F0D67" >4.1-1 TateResolution</a></span >
</div ></div >
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<h3>4 <span class="Heading" >The Tate Resolution</span ></h3>
<p><a id="X83CE0B0785329667" name="X83CE0B0785329667" ></a></p>
<h4>4.1 <span class="Heading" >The Tate Resolution: Operations and Functions</span ></h4>
<p><a id="X7A9DCED27D5F0D67" name="X7A9DCED27D5F0D67" ></a></p>
<h5>4.1-1 TateResolution</h5>
<div class="func" ><table class="func" width="100%" ><tr ><td class="tdleft" ><code class="func" >‣ TateResolution</code >( <var class="Arg" >M</var >, <var class="Arg" >degree_lowest</var >, <var class="Arg" >degree_highest</var > )</td ><td class="tdright" >( operation )</td ></tr ></table ></div >
<p>Returns: a <strong class="pkg" >homalg</strong > cocomplex</p>
<p>Compute the Tate resolution of the sheaf <var class="Arg" >M</var >.</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >R := HomalgFieldOfRationalsInDefaultCAS( ) * "x0..x3" ;;</span >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >S := GradedRing( R );;</span >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >A := KoszulDualRing( S, "e0..e3" );;</span >
</pre ></div >
<p>In the following we construct the different exterior powers of the cotangent bundle shifted by <span class="SimpleMath" >1</span >. Observe how a single <span class="SimpleMath" >1</span > travels along the diagnoal in the window <span class="SimpleMath" >[ -3 .. 0 ] x [ 0 .. 3 ]</span >. <br /> <br /> First we start with the structure sheaf with its Tate resolution:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >O := S^0;</span >
<The graded free left module of rank 1 on a free generator>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >T := TateResolution( O, -5, 5 );</span >
<An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >betti := BettiTable( T );</span >
<A Betti diagram of <An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( betti );</span >
total: 35 20 10 4 1 1 4 10 20 35 56 ? ? ?
----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3: 35 20 10 4 1 . . . . . . 0 0 0
2: * . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0
1: * * . . . . . . . . . . . 0
0: * * * . . . . . 1 4 10 20 35 56
----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---S---|---|---|---|---|
twist: -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
---------------------------------------------------------------
Euler: -35 -20 -10 -4 -1 0 0 0 1 4 10 20 35 56
</pre ></div >
<p>The Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the <em >underlying module</em > is distinguished among the list of twists by the character <code class="code" >'V' </code > pointing to it. It is <em >not</em > an invariant of the sheaf (see the next diagram). <br /> <br /> The residue class field (i.e. S modulo the maximal homogeneous ideal):</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >k := HomalgMatrix( Indeterminates( S ), Length( Indeterminates( S ) ), 1, S );</span >
<A 4 x 1 matrix over a graded ring>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >k := LeftPresentationWithDegrees( k );</span >
<A graded cyclic left module presented by 4 relations for a cyclic generator>
</pre ></div >
<p>Another way of constructing the structure sheaf:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >U0 := SyzygiesObject( 1, k );</span >
<A graded torsion-free left module presented by yet unknown relations for 4 ge\
nerators>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >T0 := TateResolution( U0, -5, 5 );</span >
<An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >betti0 := BettiTable( T0 );</span >
<A Betti diagram of <An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( betti0 );</span >
total: 35 20 10 4 1 1 4 10 20 35 56 ? ? ?
----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3: 35 20 10 4 1 . . . . . . 0 0 0
2: * . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0
1: * * . . . . . . . . . . . 0
0: * * * . . . . . 1 4 10 20 35 56
----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---S---|---|---|---|---|
twist: -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
---------------------------------------------------------------
Euler: -35 -20 -10 -4 -1 0 0 0 1 4 10 20 35 56
</pre ></div >
<p>The cotangent bundle:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >cotangent := SyzygiesObject( 2, k );</span >
<A graded torsion-free left module presented by yet unknown relations for 6 ge\
nerators>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >IsFree( UnderlyingModule( cotangent ) );</span >
false
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Rank( cotangent );</span >
3
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >cotangent;</span >
<A graded reflexive non-projective rank 3 left module presented by 4 relations\
for 6 generators>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >ProjectiveDimension( UnderlyingModule( cotangent ) );</span >
2
</pre ></div >
<p>the cotangent bundle shifted by <span class="SimpleMath" >1</span > with its Tate resolution:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >U1 := cotangent * S^1;</span >
<A graded non-torsion left module presented by 4 relations for 6 generators>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >T1 := TateResolution( U1, -5, 5 );</span >
<An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >betti1 := BettiTable( T1 );</span >
<A Betti diagram of <An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( betti1 );</span >
total: 120 70 36 15 4 1 6 20 45 84 140 ? ? ?
-----------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
3: 120 70 36 15 4 . . . . . . 0 0 0
2: * . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0
1: * * . . . . . 1 . . . . . 0
0: * * * . . . . . . 6 20 45 84 140
-----------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----S----|----|----|----|
twist: -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Euler: -120 -70 -36 -15 -4 0 0 -1 0 6 20 45 84 140
</pre ></div >
<p>The second power <span class="SimpleMath" >U^2</span > of the shifted cotangent bundle <span class="SimpleMath" >U=U^1</span > and its Tate resolution:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >U2 := SyzygiesObject( 3, k ) * S^2;</span >
<A graded rank 3 left module presented by 1 relation for 4 generators>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >T2 := TateResolution( U2, -5, 5 );</span >
<An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >betti2 := BettiTable( T2 );</span >
<A Betti diagram of <An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( betti2 );</span >
total: 140 84 45 20 6 1 4 15 36 70 120 ? ? ?
-----------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
3: 140 84 45 20 6 . . . . . . 0 0 0
2: * . . . . . 1 . . . . . 0 0
1: * * . . . . . . . . . . . 0
0: * * * . . . . . . 4 15 36 70 120
-----------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----S----|----|----|----|
twist: -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Euler: -140 -84 -45 -20 -6 0 1 0 0 4 15 36 70 120
</pre ></div >
<p>The third power <span class="SimpleMath" >U^3</span > of the shifted cotangent bundle <span class="SimpleMath" >U=U^1</span > and its Tate resolution:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >U3 := SyzygiesObject( 4, k ) * S^3;</span >
<A graded free left module of rank 1 on a free generator>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( U3 );</span >
Q[x0,x1,x2,x3]^(1 x 1)
(graded, degree of generator: 1)
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >T3 := TateResolution( U3, -5, 5 );</span >
<An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >betti3 := BettiTable( T3 );</span >
<A Betti diagram of <An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded left modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( betti3 );</span >
total: 56 35 20 10 4 1 1 4 10 20 35 ? ? ?
----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3: 56 35 20 10 4 1 . . . . . 0 0 0
2: * . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0
1: * * . . . . . . . . . . . 0
0: * * * . . . . . . 1 4 10 20 35
----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---S---|---|---|---|
twist: -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
---------------------------------------------------------------
Euler: -56 -35 -20 -10 -4 -1 0 0 0 1 4 10 20 35
</pre ></div >
<p>Another way to construct <span class="SimpleMath" >U^2=U^(3-1)</span >:</p>
<div class="example" ><pre >
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >u2 := GradedHom( U1, S^(-1) );</span >
<A graded torsion-free right module on 4 generators satisfying yet unknown rel\
ations>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >t2 := TateResolution( u2, -5, 5 );</span >
<An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded right modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >BettiTable( t2 );</span >
<A Betti diagram of <An acyclic cocomplex containing
10 morphisms of graded right modules at degrees [ -5 .. 5 ]>>
<span class="GAPprompt" >gap></span > <span class="GAPinput" >Display( last );</span >
total: 140 84 45 20 6 1 4 15 36 70 120 ? ? ?
-----------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
3: 140 84 45 20 6 . . . . . . 0 0 0
2: * . . . . . 1 . . . . . 0 0
1: * * . . . . . . . . . . . 0
0: * * * . . . . . . 4 15 36 70 120
-----------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----S----|----|----|----|
twist: -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Euler: -140 -84 -45 -20 -6 0 1 0 0 4 15 36 70 120
</pre ></div >
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