/* * Copyright (c) 1999, 2007, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. * * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. * * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that * accompanied this code). * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. * * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any * questions.
*/
package java.math;
/** * A simple bit sieve used for finding prime number candidates. Allows setting * and clearing of bits in a storage array. The size of the sieve is assumed to * be constant to reduce overhead. All the bits of a new bitSieve are zero, and * bits are removed from it by setting them. * * To reduce storage space and increase efficiency, no even numbers are * represented in the sieve (each bit in the sieve represents an odd number). * The relationship between the index of a bit and the number it represents is * given by * N = offset + (2*index + 1); * Where N is the integer represented by a bit in the sieve, offset is some * even integer offset indicating where the sieve begins, and index is the * index of a bit in the sieve array. * * @see BigInteger * @author Michael McCloskey * @since 1.3
*/ class BitSieve { /** * Stores the bits in this bitSieve.
*/ privatelong bits[];
/** * Length is how many bits this sieve holds.
*/ privateint length;
/** * A small sieve used to filter out multiples of small primes in a search * sieve.
*/ privatestatic BitSieve smallSieve = new BitSieve();
/** * Construct a "small sieve" with a base of 0. This constructor is * used internally to generate the set of "small primes" whose multiples * are excluded from sieves generated by the main (package private) * constructor, BitSieve(BigInteger base, int searchLen). The length * of the sieve generated by this constructor was chosen for performance; * it controls a tradeoff between how much time is spent constructing * other sieves, and how much time is wasted testing composite candidates * for primality. The length was chosen experimentally to yield good * performance.
*/ private BitSieve() {
length = 150 * 64;
bits = newlong[(unitIndex(length - 1) + 1)];
// Mark 1 as composite
set(0); int nextIndex = 1; int nextPrime = 3;
// Find primes and remove their multiples from sieve do {
sieveSingle(length, nextIndex + nextPrime, nextPrime);
nextIndex = sieveSearch(length, nextIndex + 1);
nextPrime = 2*nextIndex + 1;
} while((nextIndex > 0) && (nextPrime < length));
}
/** * Construct a bit sieve of searchLen bits used for finding prime number * candidates. The new sieve begins at the specified base, which must * be even.
*/
BitSieve(BigInteger base, int searchLen) { /* * Candidates are indicated by clear bits in the sieve. As a candidates * nonprimality is calculated, a bit is set in the sieve to eliminate * it. To reduce storage space and increase efficiency, no even numbers * are represented in the sieve (each bit in the sieve represents an * odd number).
*/
bits = newlong[(unitIndex(searchLen-1) + 1)];
length = searchLen; int start = 0;
int step = smallSieve.sieveSearch(smallSieve.length, start); int convertedStep = (step *2) + 1;
// Construct the large sieve at an even offset specified by base
MutableBigInteger b = new MutableBigInteger(base);
MutableBigInteger q = new MutableBigInteger(); do { // Calculate base mod convertedStep
start = b.divideOneWord(convertedStep, q);
// Take each multiple of step out of sieve
start = convertedStep - start; if (start%2 == 0)
start += convertedStep;
sieveSingle(searchLen, (start-1)/2, convertedStep);
// Find next prime from small sieve
step = smallSieve.sieveSearch(smallSieve.length, step+1);
convertedStep = (step *2) + 1;
} while (step > 0);
}
/** * Given a bit index return unit index containing it.
*/ privatestaticint unitIndex(int bitIndex) { return bitIndex >>> 6;
}
/** * Return a unit that masks the specified bit in its unit.
*/ privatestaticlong bit(int bitIndex) { return 1L << (bitIndex & ((1<<6) - 1));
}
/** * Get the value of the bit at the specified index.
*/ privateboolean get(int bitIndex) { int unitIndex = unitIndex(bitIndex); return ((bits[unitIndex] & bit(bitIndex)) != 0);
}
/** * Set the bit at the specified index.
*/ privatevoid set(int bitIndex) { int unitIndex = unitIndex(bitIndex);
bits[unitIndex] |= bit(bitIndex);
}
/** * This method returns the index of the first clear bit in the search * array that occurs at or after start. It will not search past the * specified limit. It returns -1 if there is no such clear bit.
*/ privateint sieveSearch(int limit, int start) { if (start >= limit) return -1;
int index = start; do { if (!get(index)) return index;
index++;
} while(index < limit-1); return -1;
}
/** * Sieve a single set of multiples out of the sieve. Begin to remove * multiples of the specified step starting at the specified start index, * up to the specified limit.
*/ privatevoid sieveSingle(int limit, int start, int step) { while(start < limit) {
set(start);
start += step;
}
}
/** * Test probable primes in the sieve and return successful candidates.
*/
BigInteger retrieve(BigInteger initValue, int certainty, java.util.Random random) { // Examine the sieve one long at a time to find possible primes int offset = 1; for (int i=0; i<bits.length; i++) { long nextLong = ~bits[i]; for (int j=0; j<64; j++) { if ((nextLong & 1) == 1) {
BigInteger candidate = initValue.add(
BigInteger.valueOf(offset)); if (candidate.primeToCertainty(certainty, random)) return candidate;
}
nextLong >>>= 1;
offset+=2;
}
} returnnull;
}
}
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