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*/
// The LockFreeStack class template provides a lock-free LIFO. The objects // in the sequence are intrusively linked via a member in the objects. As // a result, there is no allocation involved in adding objects to the stack // or removing them from the stack. // // To be used in a LockFreeStack of objects of type T, an object of // type T must have a list entry member of type T* volatile, with an // non-member accessor function returning a pointer to that member. A // LockFreeStack is associated with the class of its elements and an // entry member from that class. // // An object can be in multiple stacks at the same time, so long as // each stack uses a different entry member. That is, the class of the // object must have multiple LockFreeStack entry members, one for each // stack in which the object may simultaneously be an element. // // LockFreeStacks support polymorphic elements. Because the objects // in a stack are externally managed, rather than being embedded // values in the stack, the actual type of such objects may be more // specific than the stack's element type. // // \tparam T is the class of the elements in the stack. // // \tparam next_ptr is a function pointer. Applying this function to // an object of type T must return a pointer to the list entry member // of the object associated with the LockFreeStack type. template<typename T, T* volatile* (*next_ptr)(T&)> class LockFreeStack {
T* volatile _top;
void prepend_impl(T* first, T* last) {
T* cur = top();
T* old; do {
old = cur;
set_next(*last, cur);
cur = Atomic::cmpxchg(&_top, cur, first);
} while (old != cur);
}
// Atomically removes the top object from this stack and returns a // pointer to that object, or NULL if this stack is empty. Acts as a // full memory barrier. Subject to ABA behavior; callers must ensure // usage is safe.
T* pop() {
T* result = top();
T* old; do {
old = result;
T* new_top = NULL; if (result != NULL) {
new_top = next(*result);
} // CAS even on empty pop, for consistent membar behavior.
result = Atomic::cmpxchg(&_top, result, new_top);
} while (result != old); if (result != NULL) {
set_next(*result, NULL);
} return result;
}
// Atomically exchange the list of elements with NULL, returning the old // list of elements. Acts as a full memory barrier. // postcondition: empty()
T* pop_all() { return Atomic::xchg(&_top, (T*)NULL);
}
// Atomically adds value to the top of this stack. Acts as a full // memory barrier. void push(T& value) {
assert(next(value) == NULL, "precondition");
prepend_impl(&value, &value);
}
// Atomically adds the list of objects (designated by first and // last) before the objects already in this stack, in the same order // as in the list. Acts as a full memory barrier. // precondition: next(last) == NULL. // postcondition: top() == &first, next(last) == old top(). void prepend(T& first, T& last) {
assert(next(last) == NULL, "precondition"); #ifdef ASSERT for (T* p = &first; p != &last; p = next(*p)) {
assert(p != NULL, "invalid prepend list");
} #endif
prepend_impl(&first, &last);
}
// Atomically adds the list of objects headed by first before the // objects already in this stack, in the same order as in the list. // Acts as a full memory barrier. // postcondition: top() == &first. void prepend(T& first) {
T* last = &first; while (true) {
T* step_to = next(*last); if (step_to == NULL) break;
last = step_to;
}
prepend_impl(&first, last);
}
// Return true if the stack is empty. bool empty() const { return top() == NULL; }
// Return the most recently pushed element, or NULL if the stack is empty. // The returned element is not removed from the stack.
T* top() const { return Atomic::load(&_top); }
// Return the number of objects in the stack. There must be no concurrent // pops while the length is being determined.
size_t length() const {
size_t result = 0; for (const T* current = top(); current != NULL; current = next(*current)) {
++result;
} return result;
}
// Return the entry following value in the list used by the // specialized LockFreeStack class. static T* next(const T& value) { return Atomic::load(next_ptr(const_cast<T&>(value)));
}
// Set the entry following value to new_next in the list used by the // specialized LockFreeStack class. Not thread-safe; in particular, // if value is in an instance of this specialization of LockFreeStack, // there must be no concurrent push or pop operations on that stack. staticvoid set_next(T& value, T* new_next) {
Atomic::store(next_ptr(value), new_next);
}
};
#endif// SHARE_UTILITIES_LOCKFREESTACK_HPP
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