(* Title: HOL/Wfrec.thy Author: Tobias Nipkow Author: Lawrence C Paulson Author: Konrad Slind
*)
section‹Well-Founded Recursion Combinator›
theory Wfrec imports Wellfounded begin
inductive wfrec_rel :: "('a \ 'a) set \ (('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'b)) \ 'a \ 'b \ bool"for R F where wfrecI: "(\z. (z, x) \ R \ wfrec_rel R F z (g z)) \ wfrec_rel R F x (F g x)"
definition cut :: "('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'a) set \ 'a \ 'a \ 'b" where"cut f R x = (\y. if (y, x) \ R then f y else undefined)"
definition adm_wf :: "('a \ 'a) set \ (('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'b)) \ bool" where"adm_wf R F \ (\f g x. (\z. (z, x) \ R \ f z = g z) \ F f x = F g x)"
definition wfrec :: "('a \ 'a) set \ (('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'b)) \ ('a \ 'b)" where"wfrec R F = (\x. THE y. wfrec_rel R (\f x. F (cut f R x) x) x y)"
lemma cuts_eq: "(cut f R x = cut g R x) \ (\y. (y, x) \ R \ f y = g y)" by (simp add: fun_eq_iff cut_def)
lemma cut_apply: "(x, a) \ R \ cut f R a x = f x" by (simp add: cut_def)
text‹ Inductive characterization of ‹wfrec› combinator; for details see:
John Harrison, "Inductive definitions: automation and application". ›
lemma theI_unique: "\!x. P x \ P x \ x = The P" by (auto intro: the_equality[symmetric] theI)
lemma wfrec_unique: assumes"adm_wf R F""wf R" shows"\!y. wfrec_rel R F x y" using‹wf R› proof induct
define f where"f y = (THE z. wfrec_rel R F y z)"for y case (less x) thenhave"\y z. (y, x) \ R \ wfrec_rel R F y z \ z = f y" unfolding f_def by (rule theI_unique) with‹adm_wf R F›show ?case by (subst wfrec_rel.simps) (auto simp: adm_wf_def) qed
lemma adm_lemma: "adm_wf R (\f x. F (cut f R x) x)" by (auto simp: adm_wf_def intro!: arg_cong[where f="\x. F x y"for y] cuts_eq[THEN iffD2])
lemma wfrec: "wf R \ wfrec R F a = F (cut (wfrec R F) R a) a" apply (simp add: wfrec_def) apply (rule adm_lemma [THEN wfrec_unique, THEN the1_equality]) apply assumption apply (rule wfrec_rel.wfrecI) apply (erule adm_lemma [THEN wfrec_unique, THEN theI']) done
text‹This form avoids giant explosions in proofs. NOTEUSE OF ‹≡›.› lemma def_wfrec: "f \ wfrec R F \ wf R \ f a = F (cut f R a) a" by (auto intro: wfrec)
subsubsection ‹Well-founded recursion via genuine fixpoints›
lemma wfrec_fixpoint: assumes wf: "wf R" and adm: "adm_wf R F" shows"wfrec R F = F (wfrec R F)" proof (rule ext) fix x have"wfrec R F x = F (cut (wfrec R F) R x) x" using wfrec[of R F] wf by simp also have"\y. (y, x) \ R \ cut (wfrec R F) R x y = wfrec R F y" by (auto simp add: cut_apply) thenhave"F (cut (wfrec R F) R x) x = F (wfrec R F) x" using adm adm_wf_def[of R F] by auto finallyshow"wfrec R F x = F (wfrec R F) x" . qed
lemma wfrec_def_adm: "f \ wfrec R F \ wf R \ adm_wf R F \ f = F f" using wfrec_fixpoint by simp
subsection‹Wellfoundedness of ‹same_fst››
definition same_fst :: "('a \ bool) \ ('a \ ('b \ 'b) set) \ (('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'b)) set" where"same_fst P R = {((x', y'), (x, y)) . x' = x \ P x \ (y',y) \ R x}" 🍋‹For🍋‹wfrec› declarations where the first n parameters
stay unchanged in the recursive call.›
lemma same_fstI [intro!]: "P x \ (y', y) \ R x \ ((x, y'), (x, y)) \ same_fst P R" by (simp add: same_fst_def)
lemma wf_same_fst: assumes"\x. P x \ wf (R x)" shows"wf (same_fst P R)" proof - have"\a b Q. \a b. (\x. P a \ (x, b) \ R a \ Q (a, x)) \ Q (a, b) \ Q (a, b)" proof - fix Q a b assume *: "\a b. (\x. P a \ (x,b) \ R a \ Q (a,x)) \ Q (a,b)" show"Q(a,b)" proof (cases "wf (R a)") case True thenshow ?thesis by (induction b rule: wf_induct_rule) (use * in blast) qed (use * assms in blast) qed thenshow ?thesis by (clarsimp simp add: wf_def same_fst_def) qed
end
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