(* Title: HOL/SET_Protocol/Message_SET.thy
Author: Giampaolo Bella
Author: Fabio Massacci
Author: Lawrence C Paulson
*)
section
‹The Message
Theory, Modified
for SET
›
theory Message_SET
imports Main
"HOL-Library.Nat_Bijection"
begin
subsection
‹General
Lemmas›
text‹Needed occasionally
with ‹spy_analz_tac
›, e.g.
in
‹analz_insert_Key_newK
››
lemma Un_absorb3 [simp] :
"A \ (B \ A) = B \ A"
by blast
text‹Collapses redundant cases
in the huge protocol proofs
›
lemmas disj_simps = disj_comms disj_left_absorb disj_assoc
text‹Effective
with assumptions like
🍋‹K
∉ range pubK
› and
🍋‹K
∉ invKey`range pubK
››
lemma notin_image_iff:
"(y \ f`I) = (\i\I. f i \ y)"
by blast
text‹Effective
with the assumption
🍋‹KK
⊆ - (range(invKey o pubK))
››
lemma disjoint_image_iff:
"(A \ - (f`I)) = (\i\I. f i \ A)"
by blast
type_synonym key = nat
consts
all_symmetric :: bool
🍋 ‹true
if all keys are symmetric
›
invKey ::
"key\key" 🍋 ‹inverse of a symmetric key
›
specification (invKey)
invKey [simp]:
"invKey (invKey K) = K"
invKey_symmetric:
"all_symmetric \ invKey = id"
by (rule exI [of _ id], auto)
text‹The inverse of a symmetric key
is itself; that of a public key
is the private key
and vice versa
›
definition symKeys ::
"key set" where
"symKeys == {K. invKey K = K}"
text‹Agents. We allow any number of certification authorities, cardholders
merchants,
and payment gateways.
›
datatype
agent = CA nat | Cardholder nat | Merchant nat | PG nat | Spy
text‹Messages
›
datatype
msg = Agent agent
🍋 ‹Agent names
›
| Number nat
🍋 ‹Ordinary integers, timestamps, ...
›
| Nonce nat
🍋 ‹Unguessable nonces
›
| Pan nat
🍋 ‹Unguessable Primary Account Numbers (??)
›
| Key key
🍋 ‹Crypto keys
›
| Hash msg
🍋 ‹Hashing
›
| MPair msg msg
🍋 ‹Compound messages
›
| Crypt key msg
🍋 ‹Encryption, public- or shared-key
›
(*Concrete syntax: messages appear as \<open>\<lbrace>A,B,NA\<rbrace>\<close>, etc...*)
syntax
"_MTuple" ::
"['a, args] \ 'a * 'b" (
‹(
‹indent=2
notation=
‹mixfix message tuple
››{_,/ _
})
›)
syntax_consts
"_MTuple" ⇌ MPair
translations
"\x, y, z\" ⇌ "\x, \y, z\\"
"\x, y\" ⇌ "CONST MPair x y"
definition nat_of_agent ::
"agent \ nat" where
"nat_of_agent == case_agent (curry prod_encode 0)
(curry prod_encode 1)
(curry prod_encode 2)
(curry prod_encode 3)
(prod_encode (4,0))
"
🍋 ‹maps each agent
to a unique natural number,
for specifications
›
text‹The
function is indeed injective
›
lemma inj_nat_of_agent:
"inj nat_of_agent"
by (simp add: nat_of_agent_def inj_on_def curry_def prod_encode_eq split: agent.split)
definition
(*Keys useful to decrypt elements of a message set*)
keysFor ::
"msg set \ key set"
where "keysFor H = invKey ` {K. \X. Crypt K X \ H}"
subsubsection
‹Inductive definition of all
"parts" of a message.
›
inductive_set
parts ::
"msg set \ msg set"
for H ::
"msg set"
where
Inj [intro]:
"X \ H ==> X \ parts H"
| Fst:
"\X,Y\ \ parts H ==> X \ parts H"
| Snd:
"\X,Y\ \ parts H ==> Y \ parts H"
| Body:
"Crypt K X \ parts H ==> X \ parts H"
(*Monotonicity*)
lemma parts_mono:
"G\H ==> parts(G) \ parts(H)"
apply auto
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply (auto dest: Fst Snd Body)
done
subsubsection
‹Inverse of keys
›
(*Equations hold because constructors are injective; cannot prove for all f*)
lemma Key_image_eq [simp]:
"(Key x \ Key`A) = (x\A)"
by auto
lemma Nonce_Key_image_eq [simp]:
"(Nonce x \ Key`A)"
by auto
lemma Cardholder_image_eq [simp]:
"(Cardholder x \ Cardholder`A) = (x \ A)"
by auto
lemma CA_image_eq [simp]:
"(CA x \ CA`A) = (x \ A)"
by auto
lemma Pan_image_eq [simp]:
"(Pan x \ Pan`A) = (x \ A)"
by auto
lemma Pan_Key_image_eq [simp]:
"(Pan x \ Key`A)"
by auto
lemma Nonce_Pan_image_eq [simp]:
"(Nonce x \ Pan`A)"
by auto
lemma invKey_eq [simp]:
"(invKey K = invKey K') = (K=K')"
apply safe
apply (drule_tac f = invKey
in arg_cong, simp)
done
subsection
‹keysFor operator
›
lemma keysFor_empty [simp]:
"keysFor {} = {}"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)
lemma keysFor_Un [simp]:
"keysFor (H \ H') = keysFor H \ keysFor H'"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)
lemma keysFor_UN [simp]:
"keysFor (\i\A. H i) = (\i\A. keysFor (H i))"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)
(*Monotonicity*)
lemma keysFor_mono:
"G\H ==> keysFor(G) \ keysFor(H)"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)
lemma keysFor_insert_Agent [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Agent A) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_Nonce [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Nonce N) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_Number [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Number N) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_Key [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Key K) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_Pan [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Pan A) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_Hash [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Hash X) H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_MPair [simp]:
"keysFor (insert \X,Y\ H) = keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_insert_Crypt [simp]:
"keysFor (insert (Crypt K X) H) = insert (invKey K) (keysFor H)"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma keysFor_image_Key [simp]:
"keysFor (Key`E) = {}"
by (unfold keysFor_def, auto)
lemma Crypt_imp_invKey_keysFor:
"Crypt K X \ H ==> invKey K \ keysFor H"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)
subsection
‹Inductive relation
"parts"›
lemma MPair_parts:
"[| \X,Y\ \ parts H;
[| X
∈ parts H; Y
∈ parts H |] ==> P |] ==> P
"
by (blast dest: parts.Fst parts.Snd)
declare MPair_parts [elim!] parts.Body [dest!]
text‹NB These two rules are UNSAFE
in the formal sense, as they discard the
compound message. They work well on THIS
FILE.
‹MPair_parts
› is left as SAFE because it speeds up proofs.
The Crypt rule
is normally kept UNSAFE
to avoid breaking up certificates.
›
lemma parts_increasing:
"H \ parts(H)"
by blast
lemmas parts_insertI = subset_insertI [
THEN parts_mono,
THEN subsetD]
lemma parts_empty [simp]:
"parts{} = {}"
apply safe
apply (erule parts.induct, blast+)
done
lemma parts_emptyE [elim!]:
"X\ parts{} ==> P"
by simp
(*WARNING: loops if H = {Y}, therefore must not be repeated!*)
lemma parts_singleton:
"X\ parts H ==> \Y\H. X\ parts {Y}"
by (erule parts.induct, fast+)
subsubsection
‹Unions
›
lemma parts_Un_subset1:
"parts(G) \ parts(H) \ parts(G \ H)"
by (intro Un_least parts_mono Un_upper1 Un_upper2)
lemma parts_Un_subset2:
"parts(G \ H) \ parts(G) \ parts(H)"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, blast+)
done
lemma parts_Un [simp]:
"parts(G \ H) = parts(G) \ parts(H)"
by (intro equalityI parts_Un_subset1 parts_Un_subset2)
lemma parts_insert:
"parts (insert X H) = parts {X} \ parts H"
apply (subst insert_is_Un [of _ H])
apply (simp only: parts_Un)
done
(*TWO inserts to avoid looping. This rewrite is better than nothing.
Not suitable for Addsimps: its behaviour can be strange.*)
lemma parts_insert2:
"parts (insert X (insert Y H)) = parts {X} \ parts {Y} \ parts H"
apply (simp add: Un_assoc)
apply (simp add: parts_insert [symmetric])
done
(*Added to simplify arguments to parts, analz and synth.*)
text‹This allows
‹blast
› to simplify occurrences of
🍋‹parts(G
∪H)
› in the assumption.
›
declare parts_Un [
THEN equalityD1,
THEN subsetD,
THEN UnE, elim!]
lemma parts_insert_subset:
"insert X (parts H) \ parts(insert X H)"
by (blast intro: parts_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
subsubsection
‹Idempotence
and transitivity
›
lemma parts_partsD [dest!]:
"X\ parts (parts H) ==> X\ parts H"
by (erule parts.induct, blast+)
lemma parts_idem [simp]:
"parts (parts H) = parts H"
by blast
lemma parts_trans:
"[| X\ parts G; G \ parts H |] ==> X\ parts H"
by (drule parts_mono, blast)
(*Cut*)
lemma parts_cut:
"[| Y\ parts (insert X G); X\ parts H |] ==> Y\ parts (G \ H)"
by (erule parts_trans, auto)
lemma parts_cut_eq [simp]:
"X\ parts H ==> parts (insert X H) = parts H"
by (force dest!: parts_cut intro: parts_insertI)
subsubsection
‹Rewrite rules
for pulling out atomic messages
›
lemmas parts_insert_eq_I = equalityI [OF subsetI parts_insert_subset]
lemma parts_insert_Agent [simp]:
"parts (insert (Agent agt) H) = insert (Agent agt) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_insert_Nonce [simp]:
"parts (insert (Nonce N) H) = insert (Nonce N) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_insert_Number [simp]:
"parts (insert (Number N) H) = insert (Number N) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_insert_Key [simp]:
"parts (insert (Key K) H) = insert (Key K) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_insert_Pan [simp]:
"parts (insert (Pan A) H) = insert (Pan A) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_insert_Hash [simp]:
"parts (insert (Hash X) H) = insert (Hash X) (parts H)"
apply (rule parts_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_insert_Crypt [simp]:
"parts (insert (Crypt K X) H) =
insert (Crypt K X) (parts (insert X H))
"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply (blast intro: parts.Body)+
done
lemma parts_insert_MPair [simp]:
"parts (insert \X,Y\ H) =
insert
{X,Y
} (parts (insert X (insert Y H)))
"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply (blast intro: parts.Fst parts.Snd)+
done
lemma parts_image_Key [simp]:
"parts (Key`N) = Key`N"
apply auto
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
lemma parts_image_Pan [simp]:
"parts (Pan`A) = Pan`A"
apply auto
apply (erule parts.induct, auto)
done
(*In any message, there is an upper bound N on its greatest nonce.*)
lemma msg_Nonce_supply:
"\N. \n. N\n \ Nonce n \ parts {msg}"
apply (induct_tac
"msg")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: exI parts_insert2)
(*MPair case: blast_tac works out the necessary sum itself!*)
prefer 2
apply (blast elim!: add_leE)
(*Nonce case*)
apply (rename_tac nat)
apply (rule_tac x =
"N + Suc nat" in exI)
apply (auto elim!: add_leE)
done
(* Ditto, for numbers.*)
lemma msg_Number_supply:
"\N. \n. N\n \ Number n \ parts {msg}"
apply (induct_tac
"msg")
apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: exI parts_insert2)
prefer 2
apply (blast elim!: add_leE)
apply (rename_tac nat)
apply (rule_tac x =
"N + Suc nat" in exI, auto)
done
subsection
‹Inductive relation
"analz"›
text‹Inductive definition of
"analz" -- what can be broken down
from a set of
messages, including keys. A form of downward closure. Pairs can
be taken apart; messages decrypted
with known keys.
›
inductive_set
analz ::
"msg set => msg set"
for H ::
"msg set"
where
Inj [intro,simp] :
"X \ H ==> X \ analz H"
| Fst:
"\X,Y\ \ analz H ==> X \ analz H"
| Snd:
"\X,Y\ \ analz H ==> Y \ analz H"
| Decrypt [dest]:
"[|Crypt K X \ analz H; Key(invKey K) \ analz H|] ==> X \ analz H"
(*Monotonicity; Lemma 1 of Lowe's paper*)
lemma analz_mono:
"G\H ==> analz(G) \ analz(H)"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct)
apply (auto dest: Fst Snd)
done
text‹Making it safe speeds up proofs
›
lemma MPair_analz [elim!]:
"[| \X,Y\ \ analz H;
[| X
∈ analz H; Y
∈ analz H |] ==> P
|] ==> P
"
by (blast dest: analz.Fst analz.Snd)
lemma analz_increasing:
"H \ analz(H)"
by blast
lemma analz_subset_parts:
"analz H \ parts H"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct, blast+)
done
lemmas analz_into_parts = analz_subset_parts [
THEN subsetD]
lemmas not_parts_not_analz = analz_subset_parts [
THEN contra_subsetD]
lemma parts_analz [simp]:
"parts (analz H) = parts H"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule analz_subset_parts [
THEN parts_mono,
THEN subset_trans], simp)
apply (blast intro: analz_increasing [
THEN parts_mono,
THEN subsetD])
done
lemma analz_parts [simp]:
"analz (parts H) = parts H"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemmas analz_insertI = subset_insertI [
THEN analz_mono,
THEN [2] rev_subsetD]
subsubsection
‹General equational properties
›
lemma analz_empty [simp]:
"analz{} = {}"
apply safe
apply (erule analz.induct, blast+)
done
(*Converse fails: we can analz more from the union than from the
separate parts, as a key in one might decrypt a message in the other*)
lemma analz_Un:
"analz(G) \ analz(H) \ analz(G \ H)"
by (intro Un_least analz_mono Un_upper1 Un_upper2)
lemma analz_insert:
"insert X (analz H) \ analz(insert X H)"
by (blast intro: analz_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
subsubsection
‹Rewrite rules
for pulling out atomic messages
›
lemmas analz_insert_eq_I = equalityI [OF subsetI analz_insert]
lemma analz_insert_Agent [simp]:
"analz (insert (Agent agt) H) = insert (Agent agt) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_insert_Nonce [simp]:
"analz (insert (Nonce N) H) = insert (Nonce N) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_insert_Number [simp]:
"analz (insert (Number N) H) = insert (Number N) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_insert_Hash [simp]:
"analz (insert (Hash X) H) = insert (Hash X) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
(*Can only pull out Keys if they are not needed to decrypt the rest*)
lemma analz_insert_Key [simp]:
"K \ keysFor (analz H) ==>
analz (insert (Key K) H) = insert (Key K) (analz H)
"
apply (unfold keysFor_def)
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_insert_MPair [simp]:
"analz (insert \X,Y\ H) =
insert
{X,Y
} (analz (insert X (insert Y H)))
"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
apply (erule analz.induct)
apply (blast intro: analz.Fst analz.Snd)+
done
(*Can pull out enCrypted message if the Key is not known*)
lemma analz_insert_Crypt:
"Key (invKey K) \ analz H
==> analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) = insert (Crypt K X) (analz H)
"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_insert_Pan [simp]:
"analz (insert (Pan A) H) = insert (Pan A) (analz H)"
apply (rule analz_insert_eq_I)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma lemma1:
"Key (invKey K) \ analz H ==>
analz (insert (Crypt K X) H)
⊆
insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))
"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule_tac x = x
in analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma lemma2:
"Key (invKey K) \ analz H ==>
insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))
⊆
analz (insert (Crypt K X) H)
"
apply auto
apply (erule_tac x = x
in analz.induct, auto)
apply (blast intro: analz_insertI analz.Decrypt)
done
lemma analz_insert_Decrypt:
"Key (invKey K) \ analz H ==>
analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) =
insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))
"
by (intro equalityI lemma1 lemma2)
(*Case analysis: either the message is secure, or it is not!
Effective, but can cause subgoals to blow up!
Use with if_split; apparently split_tac does not cope with patterns
such as "analz (insert (Crypt K X) H)" *)
lemma analz_Crypt_if [simp]:
"analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) =
(
if (Key (invKey K)
∈ analz H)
then insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))
else insert (Crypt K X) (analz H))
"
by (simp add: analz_insert_Crypt analz_insert_Decrypt)
(*This rule supposes "for the sake of argument" that we have the key.*)
lemma analz_insert_Crypt_subset:
"analz (insert (Crypt K X) H) \
insert (Crypt K X) (analz (insert X H))
"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_image_Key [simp]:
"analz (Key`N) = Key`N"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
lemma analz_image_Pan [simp]:
"analz (Pan`A) = Pan`A"
apply auto
apply (erule analz.induct, auto)
done
subsubsection
‹Idempotence
and transitivity
›
lemma analz_analzD [dest!]:
"X\ analz (analz H) ==> X\ analz H"
by (erule analz.induct, blast+)
lemma analz_idem [simp]:
"analz (analz H) = analz H"
by blast
lemma analz_trans:
"[| X\ analz G; G \ analz H |] ==> X\ analz H"
by (drule analz_mono, blast)
(*Cut; Lemma 2 of Lowe*)
lemma analz_cut:
"[| Y\ analz (insert X H); X\ analz H |] ==> Y\ analz H"
by (erule analz_trans, blast)
(*Cut can be proved easily by induction on
"Y: analz (insert X H) ==> X: analz H \<longrightarrow> Y: analz H"
*)
(*This rewrite rule helps in the simplification of messages that involve
the forwarding of unknown components (X). Without it, removing occurrences
of X can be very complicated. *)
lemma analz_insert_eq:
"X\ analz H ==> analz (insert X H) = analz H"
by (blast intro: analz_cut analz_insertI)
text‹A congruence rule
for "analz"›
lemma analz_subset_cong:
"[| analz G \ analz G'; analz H \ analz H'
|] ==> analz (G
∪ H)
⊆ analz (G
' \ H')
"
apply clarify
apply (erule analz.induct)
apply (best intro: analz_mono [
THEN subsetD])+
done
lemma analz_cong:
"[| analz G = analz G'; analz H = analz H'
|] ==> analz (G
∪ H) = analz (G
' \ H')
"
by (intro equalityI analz_subset_cong, simp_all)
lemma analz_insert_cong:
"analz H = analz H' ==> analz(insert X H) = analz(insert X H')"
by (force simp only: insert_def intro!: analz_cong)
(*If there are no pairs or encryptions then analz does nothing*)
lemma analz_trivial:
"[| \X Y. \X,Y\ \ H; \X K. Crypt K X \ H |] ==> analz H = H"
apply safe
apply (erule analz.induct, blast+)
done
subsection
‹Inductive relation
"synth"›
text‹Inductive definition of
"synth" -- what can be built up
from a set of
messages. A form of upward closure. Pairs can be built, messages
encrypted
with known keys. Agent names are public
domain.
Numbers can be guessed, but Nonces cannot be.
›
inductive_set
synth ::
"msg set \ msg set"
for H ::
"msg set"
where
Inj [intro]:
"X \ H ==> X \ synth H"
| Agent [intro]:
"Agent agt \ synth H"
| Number [intro]:
"Number n \ synth H"
| Hash [intro]:
"X \ synth H ==> Hash X \ synth H"
| MPair [intro]:
"[|X \ synth H; Y \ synth H|] ==> \X,Y\ \ synth H"
| Crypt [intro]:
"[|X \ synth H; Key(K) \ H|] ==> Crypt K X \ synth H"
(*Monotonicity*)
lemma synth_mono:
"G\H ==> synth(G) \ synth(H)"
apply auto
apply (erule synth.induct)
apply (auto dest: Fst Snd Body)
done
(*NO Agent_synth, as any Agent name can be synthesized. Ditto for Number*)
inductive_cases Nonce_synth [elim!]:
"Nonce n \ synth H"
inductive_cases Key_synth [elim!]:
"Key K \ synth H"
inductive_cases Hash_synth [elim!]:
"Hash X \ synth H"
inductive_cases MPair_synth [elim!]:
"\X,Y\ \ synth H"
inductive_cases Crypt_synth [elim!]:
"Crypt K X \ synth H"
inductive_cases Pan_synth [elim!]:
"Pan A \ synth H"
lemma synth_increasing:
"H \ synth(H)"
by blast
subsubsection
‹Unions
›
(*Converse fails: we can synth more from the union than from the
separate parts, building a compound message using elements of each.*)
lemma synth_Un:
"synth(G) \ synth(H) \ synth(G \ H)"
by (intro Un_least synth_mono Un_upper1 Un_upper2)
lemma synth_insert:
"insert X (synth H) \ synth(insert X H)"
by (blast intro: synth_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
subsubsection
‹Idempotence
and transitivity
›
lemma synth_synthD [dest!]:
"X\ synth (synth H) ==> X\ synth H"
by (erule synth.induct, blast+)
lemma synth_idem:
"synth (synth H) = synth H"
by blast
lemma synth_trans:
"[| X\ synth G; G \ synth H |] ==> X\ synth H"
by (drule synth_mono, blast)
(*Cut; Lemma 2 of Lowe*)
lemma synth_cut:
"[| Y\ synth (insert X H); X\ synth H |] ==> Y\ synth H"
by (erule synth_trans, blast)
lemma Agent_synth [simp]:
"Agent A \ synth H"
by blast
lemma Number_synth [simp]:
"Number n \ synth H"
by blast
lemma Nonce_synth_eq [simp]:
"(Nonce N \ synth H) = (Nonce N \ H)"
by blast
lemma Key_synth_eq [simp]:
"(Key K \ synth H) = (Key K \ H)"
by blast
lemma Crypt_synth_eq [simp]:
"Key K \ H ==> (Crypt K X \ synth H) = (Crypt K X \ H)"
by blast
lemma Pan_synth_eq [simp]:
"(Pan A \ synth H) = (Pan A \ H)"
by blast
lemma keysFor_synth [simp]:
"keysFor (synth H) = keysFor H \ invKey`{K. Key K \ H}"
by (unfold keysFor_def, blast)
subsubsection
‹Combinations of parts, analz
and synth
›
lemma parts_synth [simp]:
"parts (synth H) = parts H \ synth H"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule parts.induct)
apply (blast intro: synth_increasing [
THEN parts_mono,
THEN subsetD]
parts.Fst parts.Snd parts.Body)+
done
lemma analz_analz_Un [simp]:
"analz (analz G \ H) = analz (G \ H)"
apply (intro equalityI analz_subset_cong)+
apply simp_all
done
lemma analz_synth_Un [simp]:
"analz (synth G \ H) = analz (G \ H) \ synth G"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (erule analz.induct)
prefer 5
apply (blast intro: analz_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
apply (blast intro: analz.Fst analz.Snd analz.Decrypt)+
done
lemma analz_synth [simp]:
"analz (synth H) = analz H \ synth H"
apply (cut_tac H =
"{}" in analz_synth_Un)
apply (simp (no_asm_use))
done
subsubsection
‹For reasoning about the Fake rule
in traces
›
lemma parts_insert_subset_Un:
"X\ G ==> parts(insert X H) \ parts G \ parts H"
by (rule subset_trans [OF parts_mono parts_Un_subset2], blast)
(*More specifically for Fake. Very occasionally we could do with a version
of the form parts{X} \<subseteq> synth (analz H) \<union> parts H *)
lemma Fake_parts_insert:
"X \ synth (analz H) ==>
parts (insert X H)
⊆ synth (analz H)
∪ parts H
"
apply (drule parts_insert_subset_Un)
apply (simp (no_asm_use))
apply blast
done
lemma Fake_parts_insert_in_Un:
"[|Z \ parts (insert X H); X \ synth (analz H)|]
==> Z
∈ synth (analz H)
∪ parts H
"
by (blast dest: Fake_parts_insert [
THEN subsetD, dest])
(*H is sometimes (Key ` KK \<union> spies evs), so can't put G=H*)
lemma Fake_analz_insert:
"X\ synth (analz G) ==>
analz (insert X H)
⊆ synth (analz G)
∪ analz (G
∪ H)
"
apply (rule subsetI)
apply (subgoal_tac
"x \ analz (synth (analz G) \ H) ")
prefer 2
apply (blast intro: analz_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD] analz_mono [
THEN synth_mono,
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
apply (simp (no_asm_use))
apply blast
done
lemma analz_conj_parts [simp]:
"(X \ analz H \ X \ parts H) = (X \ analz H)"
by (blast intro: analz_subset_parts [
THEN subsetD])
lemma analz_disj_parts [simp]:
"(X \ analz H | X \ parts H) = (X \ parts H)"
by (blast intro: analz_subset_parts [
THEN subsetD])
(*Without this equation, other rules for synth and analz would yield
redundant cases*)
lemma MPair_synth_analz [iff]:
"(\X,Y\ \ synth (analz H)) =
(X
∈ synth (analz H)
∧ Y
∈ synth (analz H))
"
by blast
lemma Crypt_synth_analz:
"[| Key K \ analz H; Key (invKey K) \ analz H |]
==> (Crypt K X
∈ synth (analz H)) = (X
∈ synth (analz H))
"
by blast
lemma Hash_synth_analz [simp]:
"X \ synth (analz H)
==> (Hash
{X,Y
} ∈ synth (analz H)) = (Hash
{X,Y
} ∈ analz H)
"
by blast
(*We do NOT want Crypt... messages broken up in protocols!!*)
declare parts.Body [rule del]
text‹Rewrites
to push
in Key
and Crypt messages, so that other messages can
be pulled out
using the
‹analz_insert
› rules
›
lemmas pushKeys =
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "Agent C"]
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "Nonce N"]
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "Number N"]
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "Pan PAN"]
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "Hash X"]
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "MPair X Y"]
insert_commute [of
"Key K" "Crypt X K'"]
for K C N PAN X Y K
'
lemmas pushCrypts =
insert_commute [of
"Crypt X K" "Agent C"]
insert_commute [of
"Crypt X K" "Nonce N"]
insert_commute [of
"Crypt X K" "Number N"]
insert_commute [of
"Crypt X K" "Pan PAN"]
insert_commute [of
"Crypt X K" "Hash X'"]
insert_commute [of
"Crypt X K" "MPair X' Y"]
for X K C N PAN X
' Y
text‹Cannot be added
with ‹[simp]
› -- messages should not always be
re-ordered.
›
lemmas pushes = pushKeys pushCrypts
subsection
‹Tactics useful
for many protocol proofs
›
(*<*)
ML
‹
(*Analysis of Fake cases. Also works for messages that forward unknown parts,
but this application is no longer necessary if analz_insert_eq is used.
DEPENDS UPON "X" REFERRING TO THE FRADULENT MESSAGE *)
fun impOfSubs th = th RSN (2, @{
thm rev_subsetD})
(*Apply rules to break down assumptions of the form
Y \<in> parts(insert X H) and Y \<in> analz(insert X H)
*)
fun Fake_insert_tac ctxt =
dresolve_tac ctxt [impOfSubs @{
thm Fake_analz_insert},
impOfSubs @{
thm Fake_parts_insert}]
THEN'
eresolve_tac ctxt [asm_rl, @{
thm synth.Inj}];
fun Fake_insert_simp_tac ctxt i =
REPEAT (Fake_insert_tac ctxt i)
THEN asm_full_simp_tac ctxt i;
fun atomic_spy_analz_tac ctxt =
SELECT_GOAL
(Fake_insert_simp_tac ctxt 1
THEN
IF_UNSOLVED
(Blast.depth_tac (ctxt addIs [@{
thm analz_insertI},
impOfSubs @{
thm analz_subset_parts}]) 4 1));
fun spy_analz_tac ctxt i =
DETERM
(SELECT_GOAL
(EVERY
[
(*push in occurrences of X...*)
(REPEAT o CHANGED)
(Rule_Insts.res_inst_tac ctxt [(((
"x", 1), Position.none),
"X")] []
(@{
thm insert_commute} RS ssubst) 1),
(*...allowing further simplifications*)
simp_tac ctxt 1,
REPEAT (FIRSTGOAL (resolve_tac ctxt [allI,impI,notI,conjI,iffI])),
DEPTH_SOLVE (atomic_spy_analz_tac ctxt 1)]) i);
›
(*>*)
(*By default only o_apply is built-in. But in the presence of eta-expansion
this means that some terms displayed as (f o g) will be rewritten, and others
will not!*)
declare o_def [simp]
lemma Crypt_notin_image_Key [simp]:
"Crypt K X \ Key ` A"
by auto
lemma Hash_notin_image_Key [simp] :
"Hash X \ Key ` A"
by auto
lemma synth_analz_mono:
"G\H ==> synth (analz(G)) \ synth (analz(H))"
by (simp add: synth_mono analz_mono)
lemma Fake_analz_eq [simp]:
"X \ synth(analz H) ==> synth (analz (insert X H)) = synth (analz H)"
apply (drule Fake_analz_insert[of _ _
"H"])
apply (simp add: synth_increasing[
THEN Un_absorb2])
apply (drule synth_mono)
apply (simp add: synth_idem)
apply (blast intro: synth_analz_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
done
text‹Two generalizations of
‹analz_insert_eq
››
lemma gen_analz_insert_eq [rule_format]:
"X \ analz H ==> \G. H \ G \ analz (insert X G) = analz G"
by (blast intro: analz_cut analz_insertI analz_mono [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
lemma synth_analz_insert_eq [rule_format]:
"X \ synth (analz H)
==> ∀G. H
⊆ G
⟶ (Key K
∈ analz (insert X G)) = (Key K
∈ analz G)
"
apply (erule synth.induct)
apply (simp_all add: gen_analz_insert_eq subset_trans [OF _ subset_insertI])
done
lemma Fake_parts_sing:
"X \ synth (analz H) ==> parts{X} \ synth (analz H) \ parts H"
apply (rule subset_trans)
apply (erule_tac [2] Fake_parts_insert)
apply (simp add: parts_mono)
done
lemmas Fake_parts_sing_imp_Un = Fake_parts_sing [
THEN [2] rev_subsetD]
method_setup spy_analz =
‹
Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD
' o spy_analz_tac)\
"for proving the Fake case when analz is involved"
method_setup atomic_spy_analz =
‹
Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD
' o atomic_spy_analz_tac)\
"for debugging spy_analz"
method_setup Fake_insert_simp =
‹
Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD
' o Fake_insert_simp_tac)\
"for debugging spy_analz"
end