(* Title: HOL/Library/Multiset_Order.thy Author: Dmitriy Traytel, TU Muenchen Author: Jasmin Blanchette, Inria, LORIA, MPII Author: Martin Desharnais, MPI-INF Saarbruecken *)
section‹More Theorems about the Multiset Order›
theory Multiset_Order imports Multiset begin
subsection‹Alternative Characterizations›
subsubsection ‹The Dershowitz--Manna Ordering›
definition multp🪙D🪙M where "multp🪙D🪙M r M N ⟷ (∃X Y. X ≠ {#} ∧ X ⊆# N ∧ M = (N - X) + Y ∧ (∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ r k a)))"
lemma multp🪙D🪙M_imp_multp: "multp🪙D🪙M r M N ==> multp r M N" proof - assume"multp🪙D🪙M r M N" thenobtain X Y where "X ≠ {#}"and"X ⊆# N"and"M = N - X + Y"and"∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ r k a)" unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def by blast thenhave"multp r (N - X + Y) (N - X + X)" by (intro one_step_implies_multp) (auto simp: Bex_def trans_def) with‹M = N - X + Y›‹X ⊆# N›show"multp r M N" by (metis subset_mset.diff_add) qed
subsubsection ‹The Huet--Oppen Ordering›
definition multp🪙H🪙O where "multp🪙H🪙O r M N ⟷ M ≠ N ∧ (∀y. count N y < count M y ⟶ (∃x. r y x ∧ count M x < count N x))"
lemma multp_imp_multp🪙H🪙O: assumes"asymp r"and"transp r" shows"multp r M N ==> multp🪙H🪙O r M N" unfolding multp_def mult_def proof (induction rule: trancl_induct) case (base P) thenshow ?case using‹asymp r› by (auto elim!: mult1_lessE simp: count_eq_zero_iff multp🪙H🪙O_def split: if_splits
dest!: Suc_lessD) next case (step N P) from step(3) have"M ≠ N"and
**: "∧y. count N y < count M y ==> (∃x. r y x ∧ count M x < count N x)" by (simp_all add: multp🪙H🪙O_def) from step(2) obtain M0 a K where
*: "P = add_mset a M0""N = M0 + K""a ∉# K""∧b. b ∈# K ==> r b a" using‹asymp r›by (auto elim: mult1_lessE) from‹M ≠ N› ** *(1,2,3) have"M ≠ P" using *(4) ‹asymp r› by (metis asympD add_cancel_right_right add_diff_cancel_left' add_mset_add_single count_inI
count_union diff_diff_add_mset diff_single_trivial in_diff_count multi_member_last) moreover have count_a: "∃z. r a z ∧ count M z < count P z"if"count P a ≤ count M a" proof - from‹a ∉# K›and that have"count N a < count M a" unfolding *(1,2) by (auto simp add: not_in_iff) with ** obtain z where z: "r a z""count M z < count N z" by blast with * have"count N z ≤ count P z" using‹asymp r› by (metis add_diff_cancel_left' add_mset_add_single asympD diff_diff_add_mset
diff_single_trivial in_diff_count not_le_imp_less) with z show ?thesis by auto qed have"∃x. r y x ∧ count M x < count P x"if count_y: "count P y < count M y"for y proof (cases "y = a") case True with count_y count_a show ?thesis by auto next case False show ?thesis proof (cases "y ∈# K") case True with *(4) have"r y a"by simp thenshow ?thesis by (cases "count P a ≤ count M a") (auto dest: count_a intro: ‹transp r›[THEN transpD]) next case False with‹y ≠ a›have"count P y = count N y"unfolding *(1,2) by (simp add: not_in_iff) with count_y ** obtain z where z: "r y z""count M z < count N z"by auto show ?thesis proof (cases "z ∈# K") case True with *(4) have"r z a"by simp with z(1) show ?thesis by (cases "count P a ≤ count M a") (auto dest!: count_a intro: ‹transp r›[THEN transpD]) next case False with‹a ∉# K›have"count N z ≤ count P z"unfolding * by (auto simp add: not_in_iff) with z show ?thesis by auto qed qed qed ultimatelyshow ?caseunfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by blast qed
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_imp_multp🪙D🪙M: "multp🪙H🪙O r M N ==> multp🪙D🪙M r M N" unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def proof (intro iffI exI conjI) assume"multp🪙H🪙O r M N" thenobtain z where z: "count M z < count N z" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff nat_neq_iff)
define X where"X = N - M"
define Y where"Y = M - N" from z show"X ≠ {#}"unfolding X_def by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff not_less_eq_eq Suc_le_eq) from z show"X ⊆# N"unfolding X_def by auto show"M = (N - X) + Y"unfolding X_def Y_def multiset_eq_iff count_union count_diff by force show"∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ r k a)" proof (intro allI impI) fix k assume"k ∈# Y" thenhave"count N k < count M k"unfolding Y_def by (auto simp add: in_diff_count) with‹multp🪙H🪙O r M N›obtain a where"r k a"and"count M a < count N a" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by blast thenshow"∃a. a ∈# X ∧ r k a"unfolding X_def by (auto simp add: in_diff_count) qed qed
lemma multp_eq_multp🪙D🪙M: "asymp r ==> transp r ==> multp r = multp🪙D🪙M r" using multp🪙D🪙M_imp_multp multp_imp_multp🪙H🪙O[THEN multp🪙H🪙O_imp_multp🪙D🪙M] by blast
lemma multp_eq_multp🪙H🪙O: "asymp r ==> transp r ==> multp r = multp🪙H🪙O r" using multp🪙H🪙O_imp_multp🪙D🪙M[THEN multp🪙D🪙M_imp_multp] multp_imp_multp🪙H🪙O by blast
lemma multp🪙D🪙M_plus_plusI[simp]: assumes"multp🪙D🪙M R M1 M2" shows"multp🪙D🪙M R (M + M1) (M + M2)" proof - from assms obtain X Y where "X ≠ {#}"and"X ⊆# M2"and"M1 = M2 - X + Y"and"∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ R k a)" unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def by auto
show"multp🪙D🪙M R (M + M1) (M + M2)" unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def proof (intro exI conjI) show"X ≠ {#}" using‹X ≠ {#}›by simp next show"X ⊆# M + M2" using‹X ⊆# M2› by (simp add: subset_mset.add_increasing) next show"M + M1 = M + M2 - X + Y" using‹X ⊆# M2›‹M1 = M2 - X + Y› by (metis multiset_diff_union_assoc union_assoc) next show"∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ R k a)" using‹∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ R k a)›by simp qed qed
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_plus_plus[simp]: "multp🪙H🪙O R (M + M1) (M + M2) ⟷ multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by simp
lemma strict_subset_implies_multp🪙D🪙M: "A ⊂# B ==> multp🪙D🪙M r A B" unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def by (metis add.right_neutral add_diff_cancel_right' empty_iff mset_subset_eq_add_right
set_mset_empty subset_mset.lessE)
lemma strict_subset_implies_multp🪙H🪙O: "A ⊂# B ==> multp🪙H🪙O r A B" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by (simp add: leD mset_subset_eq_count)
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_implies_one_step_strong: assumes"multp🪙H🪙O R A B" defines"J ≡ B - A"and"K ≡ A - B" shows"J ≠ {#}"and"∀k ∈# K. ∃x ∈# J. R k x" proof - show"J ≠ {#}" using‹multp🪙H🪙O R A B› by (metis Diff_eq_empty_iff_mset J_def add.right_neutral multp🪙D🪙M_def multp🪙H🪙O_imp_multp🪙D🪙M
multp🪙H🪙O_plus_plus subset_mset.add_diff_inverse subset_mset.le_zero_eq)
show"∀k∈#K. ∃x∈#J. R k x" using‹multp🪙H🪙O R A B› by (metis J_def K_def in_diff_count multp🪙H🪙O_def) qed
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_minus_inter_minus_inter_iff: fixes M1 M2 :: "_ multiset" shows"multp🪙H🪙O R (M1 - M2) (M2 - M1) ⟷ multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2" by (metis diff_intersect_left_idem multiset_inter_commute multp🪙H🪙O_plus_plus
subset_mset.add_diff_inverse subset_mset.inf.cobounded1)
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_iff_set_mset_less🪙H🪙O_set_mset: "multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2 ⟷ (set_mset (M1 - M2) ≠ set_mset (M2 - M1) ∧ (∀y ∈# M1 - M2. (∃x ∈# M2 - M1. R y x)))" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_minus_inter_minus_inter_iff[of R M1 M2, symmetric] unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def unfolding count_minus_inter_lt_count_minus_inter_iff unfolding minus_inter_eq_minus_inter_iff by auto
subsubsection ‹Monotonicity›
lemma multp🪙D🪙M_mono_strong: "multp🪙D🪙M R M1 M2 ==> (∧x y. x ∈# M1 ==> y ∈# M2 ==> R x y ==> S x y) ==> multp🪙D🪙M S M1 M2" unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def by (metis add_diff_cancel_left' in_diffD subset_mset.diff_add)
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_mono_strong: "multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2 ==> (∧x y. x ∈# M1 ==> y ∈# M2 ==> R x y ==> S x y) ==> multp🪙H🪙O S M1 M2" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by (metis count_inI less_zeroE)
subsubsection ‹Properties of Orders›
paragraph ‹Asymmetry›
text‹The following lemma is a negative result stating that asymmetry of an arbitrary binary relation cannot be simply lifted to @{const multp🪙H🪙O}. It suffices to have four distinct values to build a counterexample.›
lemma asymp_not_liftable_to_multp🪙H🪙O: fixes a b c d :: 'a assumes"distinct [a, b, c, d]" shows"¬ (∀(R :: 'a ==> 'a ==> bool). asymp R ⟶ asymp (multp🪙H🪙O R))" proof -
define R :: "'a ==> 'a ==> bool"where "R = (λx y. x = a ∧ y = c ∨ x = b ∧ y = d ∨ x = c ∧ y = b ∨ x = d ∧ y = a)"
from assms(1) have"{#a, b#} ≠ {#c, d#}" by (metis add_mset_add_single distinct.simps(2) list.set(1) list.simps(15) multi_member_this
set_mset_add_mset_insert set_mset_single)
from assms(1) have"asymp R" by (auto simp: R_def intro: asymp_onI) moreoverhave"¬ asymp (multp🪙H🪙O R)" unfolding asymp_on_def Set.ball_simps not_all not_imp not_not proof (intro exI conjI) show"multp🪙H🪙O R {#a, b#} {#c, d#}" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def using‹{#a, b#} ≠ {#c, d#}› R_def assms by auto next show"multp🪙H🪙O R {#c, d#} {#a, b#}" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def using‹{#a, b#} ≠ {#c, d#}› R_def assms by auto qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis unfolding not_all not_imp by auto qed
text‹However, if the binary relation is both asymmetric and transitive, then @{const multp🪙H🪙O} is also asymmetric.›
lemma asymp_on_multp🪙H🪙O: assumes"asymp_on A R"and"transp_on A R"and
B_sub_A: "∧M. M ∈ B ==> set_mset M ⊆ A" shows"asymp_on B (multp🪙H🪙O R)" proof (rule asymp_onI) fix M1 M2 :: "'a multiset" assume"M1 ∈ B""M2 ∈ B""multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2"
from‹transp_on A R› B_sub_A have tran: "transp_on (set_mset (M1 - M2)) R" using‹M1 ∈ B› by (meson in_diffD subset_eq transp_on_subset)
from‹asymp_on A R› B_sub_A have asym: "asymp_on (set_mset (M1 - M2)) R" using‹M1 ∈ B› by (meson in_diffD subset_eq asymp_on_subset)
show"¬ multp🪙H🪙O R M2 M1" proof (cases "M1 - M2 = {#}") case True thenshow ?thesis using multp🪙H🪙O_implies_one_step_strong(1) by metis next case False hence"∃m∈#M1 - M2. ∀x∈#M1 - M2. x ≠ m ⟶¬ R m x" using Finite_Set.bex_max_element[of "set_mset (M1 - M2)" R, OF finite_set_mset asym tran] by simp with‹transp_on A R› B_sub_A have"∃y∈#M2 - M1. ∀x∈#M1 - M2. ¬ R y x" using‹multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2›[THEN multp🪙H🪙O_implies_one_step_strong(2)] using asym[THEN irreflp_on_if_asymp_on, THEN irreflp_onD] by (metis ‹M1 ∈ B›‹M2 ∈ B› in_diffD subsetD transp_onD) thus ?thesis unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_iff_set_mset_less🪙H🪙O_set_mset by simp qed qed
lemma asymp_multp🪙H🪙O: assumes"asymp R"and"transp R" shows"asymp (multp🪙H🪙O R)" using assms asymp_on_multp🪙H🪙O[of UNIV, simplified] by metis
paragraph ‹Irreflexivity›
lemma irreflp_on_multp🪙H🪙O[simp]: "irreflp_on B (multp🪙H🪙O R)" by (simp add: irreflp_onI multp🪙H🪙O_def)
paragraph ‹Transitivity›
lemma transp_on_multp🪙H🪙O: assumes"asymp_on A R"and"transp_on A R"and B_sub_A: "∧M. M ∈ B ==> set_mset M ⊆ A" shows"transp_on B (multp🪙H🪙O R)" proof (rule transp_onI) from assms have"asymp_on B (multp🪙H🪙O R)" using asymp_on_multp🪙H🪙O by metis
fix M1 M2 M3 assume hyps: "M1 ∈ B""M2 ∈ B""M3 ∈ B""multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2""multp🪙H🪙O R M2 M3"
from assms have
[intro]: "asymp_on (set_mset M1 ∪ set_mset M2) R""transp_on (set_mset M1 ∪ set_mset M2) R" using‹M1 ∈ B›‹M2 ∈ B› by (simp_all add: asymp_on_subset transp_on_subset)
from assms have"transp_on (set_mset M1) R" by (meson transp_on_subset hyps(1))
from‹multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2›have "M1 ≠ M2"and "∀y. count M2 y < count M1 y ⟶ (∃x. R y x ∧ count M1 x < count M2 x)" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by simp_all
from‹multp🪙H🪙O R M2 M3›have "M2 ≠ M3"and "∀y. count M3 y < count M2 y ⟶ (∃x. R y x ∧ count M2 x < count M3 x)" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by simp_all
show"multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M3" proof (rule ccontr) let ?P = "λx. count M3 x < count M1 x ∧ (∀y. R x y ⟶ count M1 y ≥ count M3 y)"
assume"¬ multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M3" hence"M1 = M3 ∨ (∃x. ?P x)" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by force thus False proof (elim disjE) assume"M1 = M3" thus False using‹asymp_on B (multp🪙H🪙O R)›[THEN asymp_onD] using‹M2 ∈ B›‹M3 ∈ B›‹multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2›‹multp🪙H🪙O R M2 M3› by metis next assume"∃x. ?P x" hence"∃x ∈# M1 + M2. ?P x" by (auto simp: count_inI) have"∃y ∈# M1 + M2. ?P y ∧ (∀z ∈# M1 + M2. R y z ⟶¬ ?P z)" proof (rule Finite_Set.bex_max_element_with_property) show"∃x ∈# M1 + M2. ?P x" using‹∃x. ?P x› by (auto simp: count_inI) qed auto thenobtain x where "x ∈# M1 + M2"and "count M3 x < count M1 x"and "∀y. R x y ⟶ count M1 y ≥ count M3 y"and "∀y ∈# M1 + M2. R x y ⟶ count M3 y < count M1 y ⟶ (∃z. R y z ∧ count M1 z < count M3 z)" by force
let ?Q = "λx'. R🪙=🪙= x x' ∧ count M3 x' < count M2 x'" show False proof (cases "∃x'. ?Q x'") case True have"∃y ∈# M1 + M2. ?Q y ∧ (∀z ∈# M1 + M2. R y z ⟶¬ ?Q z)" proof (rule Finite_Set.bex_max_element_with_property) show"∃x ∈# M1 + M2. ?Q x" using‹∃x. ?Q x› by (auto simp: count_inI) qed auto thenobtain x' where "x' ∈# M1 + M2"and "R🪙=🪙= x x'"and "count M3 x' < count M2 x'"and
maximality_x': "∀z ∈# M1 + M2. R x' z ⟶¬ (R🪙=🪙= x z) ∨ count M3 z ≥ count M2 z" by (auto simp: linorder_not_less) with‹multp🪙H🪙O R M2 M3›obtain y' where "R x' y'"and"count M2 y' < count M3 y'" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by auto hence"count M2 y' < count M1 y'" by (smt (verit) ‹R🪙=🪙= x x'›‹∀y. R x y ⟶ count M3 y ≤ count M1 y› ‹count M3 x 🚫 M1 x›‹count M3 x' 🚫 M2 x'› assms(2) count_inI
dual_order.strict_trans1 hyps(1) hyps(2) hyps(3) less_nat_zero_code B_sub_A subsetD
sup2E transp_onD) with‹multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2›obtain y'' where "R y' y''"and"count M1 y'' < count M2 y''" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by auto hence"count M3 y'' < count M2 y''" by (smt (verit, del_insts) ‹R x' y'›‹R🪙=🪙= x x'›‹∀y. R x y ⟶ count M3 y ≤ count M1 y› ‹count M2 y' 🚫 M3 y'›‹count M3 x 🚫 M1 x›‹count M3 x' 🚫 M2 x'›
assms(2) count_greater_zero_iff dual_order.strict_trans1 hyps(1) hyps(2) hyps(3)
less_nat_zero_code linorder_not_less B_sub_A subset_iff sup2E transp_onD)
ultimatelyshow ?thesis using maximality_x'[rule_format, of y''] by metis qed
ultimatelyshow ?thesis by linarith next case False hence"∧x'. R🪙=🪙= x x' ==> count M2 x' ≤ count M3 x'" by auto hence"count M2 x ≤ count M3 x" by simp hence"count M2 x < count M1 x" using‹count M3 x 🚫 M1 x›by linarith with‹multp🪙H🪙O R M1 M2›obtain y where "R x y"and"count M1 y < count M2 y" unfolding multp🪙H🪙O_def by auto hence"count M3 y < count M2 y" using‹∀y. R x y ⟶ count M3 y ≤ count M1 y› dual_order.strict_trans2 by metis thenshow ?thesis using False ‹R x y›by auto qed qed qed qed
lemma transp_multp🪙H🪙O: assumes"asymp R"and"transp R" shows"transp (multp🪙H🪙O R)" using assms transp_on_multp🪙H🪙O[of UNIV, simplified] by metis
paragraph ‹Totality›
lemma totalp_on_multp🪙D🪙M: "totalp_on A R ==> (∧M. M ∈ B ==> set_mset M ⊆ A) ==> totalp_on B (multp🪙D🪙M R)" by (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) count_inI in_mono multp🪙H🪙O_def multp🪙H🪙O_imp_multp🪙D🪙M not_less_iff_gr_or_eq
totalp_onD totalp_onI)
lemma totalp_multp🪙D🪙M: "totalp R ==> totalp (multp🪙D🪙M R)" by (rule totalp_on_multp🪙D🪙M[of UNIV R UNIV, simplified])
lemma totalp_on_multp🪙H🪙O: "totalp_on A R ==> (∧M. M ∈ B ==> set_mset M ⊆ A) ==> totalp_on B (multp🪙H🪙O R)" by (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) count_inI in_mono multp🪙H🪙O_def not_less_iff_gr_or_eq totalp_onD
totalp_onI)
lemma totalp_multp🪙H🪙O: "totalp R ==> totalp (multp🪙H🪙O R)" by (rule totalp_on_multp🪙H🪙O[of UNIV R UNIV, simplified])
paragraph ‹Type Classes›
context preorder begin
lemma order_mult: "class.order (λM N. (M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y} ∨ M = N) (λM N. (M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y})"
(is"class.order ?le ?less") proof - have irrefl: "∧M :: 'a multiset. ¬ ?less M M" proof fix M :: "'a multiset" have"trans {(x'::'a, x). x' < x}" by (rule transI) (blast intro: less_trans) moreover assume"(M, M) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y}" ultimatelyhave"∃I J K. M = I + J ∧ M = I + K ∧ J ≠ {#} ∧ (∀k∈set_mset K. ∃j∈set_mset J. (k, j) ∈ {(x, y). x < y})" by (rule mult_implies_one_step) thenobtain I J K where"M = I + J"and"M = I + K" and"J ≠ {#}"and"(∀k∈set_mset K. ∃j∈set_mset J. (k, j) ∈ {(x, y). x < y})"by blast thenhave aux1: "K ≠ {#}"and aux2: "∀k∈set_mset K. ∃j∈set_mset K. k < j"by auto have"finite (set_mset K)"by simp moreovernote aux2 ultimatelyhave"set_mset K = {}" by (induct rule: finite_induct)
(simp, metis (mono_tags) insert_absorb insert_iff insert_not_empty less_irrefl less_trans) with aux1 show False by simp qed have trans: "∧K M N :: 'a multiset. ?less K M ==> ?less M N ==> ?less K N" unfolding mult_def by (blast intro: trancl_trans) show"class.order ?le ?less" by standard (auto simp add: less_eq_multiset_def irrefl dest: trans) qed
text‹The Dershowitz--Manna ordering:›
definition less_multiset🪙D🪙M where "less_multiset🪙D🪙M M N ⟷ (∃X Y. X ≠ {#} ∧ X ⊆# N ∧ M = (N - X) + Y ∧ (∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ k < a)))"
text‹The Huet--Oppen ordering:›
definition less_multiset🪙H🪙O where "less_multiset🪙H🪙O M N ⟷ M ≠ N ∧ (∀y. count N y < count M y ⟶ (∃x. y < x ∧ count M x < count N x))"
lemma mult_imp_less_multiset🪙H🪙O: "(M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y} ==> less_multiset🪙H🪙O M N" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] using multp_imp_multp🪙H🪙O[of "(<)"] by (simp add: less_multiset🪙H🪙O_def multp🪙H🪙O_def)
lemma less_multiset🪙D🪙M_imp_mult: "less_multiset🪙D🪙M M N ==> (M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y}" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] by (rule multp🪙D🪙M_imp_multp[of "(<)" M N]) (simp add: less_multiset🪙D🪙M_def multp🪙D🪙M_def)
lemma less_multiset🪙H🪙O_imp_less_multiset🪙D🪙M: "less_multiset🪙H🪙O M N ==> less_multiset🪙D🪙M M N" unfolding less_multiset🪙D🪙M_def less_multiset🪙H🪙O_def unfolding multp🪙D🪙M_def[symmetric] multp🪙H🪙O_def[symmetric] by (rule multp🪙H🪙O_imp_multp🪙D🪙M)
lemma mult_less_multiset🪙D🪙M: "(M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y} ⟷ less_multiset🪙D🪙M M N" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] using multp_eq_multp🪙D🪙M[of "(<)", simplified] by (simp add: multp🪙D🪙M_def less_multiset🪙D🪙M_def)
lemma mult_less_multiset🪙H🪙O: "(M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y} ⟷ less_multiset🪙H🪙O M N" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] using multp_eq_multp🪙H🪙O[of "(<)", simplified] by (simp add: multp🪙H🪙O_def less_multiset🪙H🪙O_def)
lemma less_multiset_less_multiset🪙H🪙O: "M < N ⟷ less_multiset🪙H🪙O M N" unfolding less_multiset_def multp_def mult🪙H🪙O less_multiset🪙H🪙O_def ..
lemma less_multiset🪙D🪙M: "M < N ⟷ (∃X Y. X ≠ {#} ∧ X ⊆# N ∧ M = N - X + Y ∧ (∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ k < a)))" by (rule mult🪙D🪙M[folded multp_def less_multiset_def])
lemma less_multiset🪙H🪙O: "M < N ⟷ M ≠ N ∧ (∀y. count N y < count M y ⟶ (∃x>y. count M x < count N x))" by (rule mult🪙H🪙O[folded multp_def less_multiset_def])
lemma subset_eq_imp_le_multiset: shows"M ⊆# N ==> M ≤ N" unfolding less_eq_multiset_def less_multiset🪙H🪙O by (simp add: less_le_not_le subseteq_mset_def)
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma le_multiset_right_total: "M < add_mset x M" unfolding less_eq_multiset_def less_multiset🪙H🪙O by simp
lemma less_eq_multiset_empty_left[simp]: "{#} ≤ M" by (simp add: subset_eq_imp_le_multiset)
lemma ex_gt_imp_less_multiset: "(∃y. y ∈# N ∧ (∀x. x ∈# M ⟶ x < y)) ==> M < N" unfolding less_multiset🪙H🪙O by (metis count_eq_zero_iff count_greater_zero_iff less_le_not_le)
lemma less_eq_multiset_empty_right[simp]: "M ≠ {#} ==>¬ M ≤ {#}" by (metis less_eq_multiset_empty_left antisym)
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma le_multiset_empty_left[simp]: "M ≠ {#} ==> {#} < M" by (simp add: less_multiset🪙H🪙O)
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma le_multiset_empty_right[simp]: "¬ M < {#}" using subset_mset.le_zero_eq less_multiset_def multp_def less_multiset🪙D🪙M by blast
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma union_le_diff_plus: "P ⊆# M ==> N < P ==> M - P + N < M" by (drule subset_mset.diff_add[symmetric]) (metis union_le_mono2)
instantiation multiset :: (preorder) ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le begin
lemma less_eq_multiset🪙H🪙O: "M ≤ N ⟷ (∀y. count N y < count M y ⟶ (∃x. y < x ∧ count M x < count N x))" by (auto simp: less_eq_multiset_def less_multiset🪙H🪙O)
instanceby standard (auto simp: less_eq_multiset🪙H🪙O)
lemma fixes M N :: "'a multiset" shows less_eq_multiset_plus_left: "N ≤ (M + N)" and less_eq_multiset_plus_right: "M ≤ (M + N)" by simp_all
lemma fixes M N :: "'a multiset" shows le_multiset_plus_left_nonempty: "M ≠ {#} ==> N < M + N" and le_multiset_plus_right_nonempty: "N ≠ {#} ==> M < M + N" by simp_all
end
lemma all_lt_Max_imp_lt_mset: "N ≠ {#} ==> (∀a ∈# M. a < Max (set_mset N)) ==> M < N" by (meson Max_in[OF finite_set_mset] ex_gt_imp_less_multiset set_mset_eq_empty_iff)
lemma lt_imp_ex_count_lt: "M < N ==>∃y. count M y < count N y" by (meson less_eq_multiset🪙H🪙O less_le_not_le)
lemma subset_imp_less_mset: "A ⊂# B ==> A < B" by (simp add: order.not_eq_order_implies_strict subset_eq_imp_le_multiset)
lemma image_mset_strict_mono: assumes mono_f: "∀x ∈ set_mset M. ∀y ∈ set_mset N. x < y ⟶ f x < f y" and less: "M < N" shows"image_mset f M < image_mset f N" proof - obtain Y X where
y_nemp: "Y ≠ {#}"and y_sub_N: "Y ⊆# N"and M_eq: "M = N - Y + X"and
ex_y: "∀x. x ∈# X ⟶ (∃y. y ∈# Y ∧ x < y)" using less[unfolded less_multiset🪙D🪙M] by blast
have x_sub_M: "X ⊆# M" using M_eq by simp
let ?fY = "image_mset f Y" let ?fX = "image_mset f X"
show ?thesis unfolding less_multiset🪙D🪙M proof (intro exI conjI) show"image_mset f M = image_mset f N - ?fY + ?fX" using M_eq[THEN arg_cong, of "image_mset f"] y_sub_N by (metis image_mset_Diff image_mset_union) next obtain y where y: "∀x. x ∈# X ⟶ y x ∈# Y ∧ x < y x" using ex_y by metis
show"∀fx. fx ∈# ?fX ⟶ (∃fy. fy ∈# ?fY ∧ fx < fy)" proof (intro allI impI) fix fx assume"fx ∈# ?fX" thenobtain x where fx: "fx = f x"and x_in: "x ∈# X" by auto hence y_in: "y x ∈# Y"and y_gt: "x < y x" using y[rule_format, OF x_in] by blast+ hence"f (y x) ∈# ?fY ∧ f x < f (y x)" using mono_f y_sub_N x_sub_M x_in by (metis image_eqI in_image_mset mset_subset_eqD) thus"∃fy. fy ∈# ?fY ∧ fx < fy" unfolding fx by auto qed qed (auto simp: y_nemp y_sub_N image_mset_subseteq_mono) qed
lemma image_mset_mono: assumes mono_f: "∀x ∈ set_mset M. ∀y ∈ set_mset N. x < y ⟶ f x < f y" and less: "M ≤ N" shows"image_mset f M ≤ image_mset f N" by (metis eq_iff image_mset_strict_mono less less_imp_le mono_f order.not_eq_order_implies_strict)
lemma mset_lt_single_right_iff[simp]: "M < {#y#} ⟷ (∀x ∈# M. x < y)"for y :: "'a::linorder" proof (rule iffI) assume M_lt_y: "M < {#y#}" show"∀x ∈# M. x < y" proof fix x assume x_in: "x ∈# M" hence M: "M - {#x#} + {#x#} = M" by (meson insert_DiffM2) hence"¬ {#x#} < {#y#} ==> x < y" using x_in M_lt_y by (metis diff_single_eq_union le_multiset_empty_left less_add_same_cancel2 mset_le_trans) alsohave"¬ {#y#} < M" using M_lt_y mset_le_not_sym by blast ultimatelyshow"x < y" by (metis (no_types) Max_ge all_lt_Max_imp_lt_mset empty_iff finite_set_mset insertE
less_le_trans linorder_less_linear mset_le_not_sym set_mset_add_mset_insert
set_mset_eq_empty_iff x_in) qed next assume y_max: "∀x ∈# M. x < y" show"M < {#y#}" by (rule all_lt_Max_imp_lt_mset) (auto intro!: y_max) qed
lemma mset_le_single_right_iff[simp]: "M ≤ {#y#} ⟷ M = {#y#} ∨ (∀x ∈# M. x < y)"for y :: "'a::linorder" by (meson less_eq_multiset_def mset_lt_single_right_iff)
subsubsection ‹Simplifications›
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_repeat_mset_repeat_mset[simp]: assumes"n ≠ 0" shows"multp🪙H🪙O R (repeat_mset n A) (repeat_mset n B) ⟷ multp🪙H🪙O R A B" proof (rule iffI) assume hyp: "multp🪙H🪙O R (repeat_mset n A) (repeat_mset n B)" hence
1: "repeat_mset n A ≠ repeat_mset n B"and
2: "∀y. n * count B y < n * count A y ⟶ (∃x. R y x ∧ n * count A x < n * count B x)" by (simp_all add: multp🪙H🪙O_def)
from 1 ‹n ≠ 0›have"A ≠ B" by auto
moreoverfrom 2 ‹n ≠ 0›have"∀y. count B y < count A y ⟶ (∃x. R y x ∧ count A x < count B x)" by auto
ultimatelyshow"multp🪙H🪙O R A B" by (simp add: multp🪙H🪙O_def) next assume"multp🪙H🪙O R A B" hence 1: "A ≠ B"and 2: "∀y. count B y < count A y ⟶ (∃x. R y x ∧ count A x < count B x)" by (simp_all add: multp🪙H🪙O_def)
from 1 have"repeat_mset n A ≠ repeat_mset n B" by (simp add: assms repeat_mset_cancel1)
moreoverfrom 2 have"∀y. n * count B y < n * count A y ⟶ (∃x. R y x ∧ n * count A x < n * count B x)" by auto
ultimatelyshow"multp🪙H🪙O R (repeat_mset n A) (repeat_mset n B)" by (simp add: multp🪙H🪙O_def) qed
lemma multp🪙H🪙O_double_double[simp]: "multp🪙H🪙O R (A + A) (B + B) ⟷ multp🪙H🪙O R A B" using multp🪙H🪙O_repeat_mset_repeat_mset[of 2] by (simp add: numeral_Bit0)
subsection‹Simprocs›
lemma mset_le_add_iff1: "j ≤ (i::nat) ==> (repeat_mset i u + m ≤ repeat_mset j u + n) = (repeat_mset (i-j) u + m ≤ n)" proof - assume"j ≤ i" thenhave"j + (i - j) = i" using le_add_diff_inverse by blast thenshow ?thesis by (metis (no_types) add_le_cancel_left left_add_mult_distrib_mset) qed
lemma mset_le_add_iff2: "i ≤ (j::nat) ==> (repeat_mset i u + m ≤ repeat_mset j u + n) = (m ≤ repeat_mset (j-i) u + n)" proof - assume"i ≤ j" thenhave"i + (j - i) = j" using le_add_diff_inverse by blast thenshow ?thesis by (metis (no_types) add_le_cancel_left left_add_mult_distrib_mset) qed
simproc_setup msetless_cancel
("(l::'a::preorder multiset) + m < n" | "(l::'a multiset) < m + n" | "add_mset a m < n" | "m < add_mset a n" | "replicate_mset p a < n" | "m < replicate_mset p a" | "repeat_mset p m < n" | "m < repeat_mset p n") = ‹K Cancel_Simprocs.less_cancel›
simproc_setup msetle_cancel
("(l::'a::preorder multiset) + m ≤ n" | "(l::'a multiset) ≤ m + n" | "add_mset a m ≤ n" | "m ≤ add_mset a n" | "replicate_mset p a ≤ n" | "m ≤ replicate_mset p a" | "repeat_mset p m ≤ n" | "m ≤ repeat_mset p n") = ‹K Cancel_Simprocs.less_eq_cancel›
subsection‹Additional facts and instantiations›
lemma ex_gt_count_imp_le_multiset: "(∀y :: 'a :: order. y ∈# M + N ⟶ y ≤ x) ==> count M x < count N x ==> M < N" unfolding less_multiset🪙H🪙O by (metis count_greater_zero_iff le_imp_less_or_eq less_imp_not_less not_gr_zero union_iff)
lemma mset_lt_single_iff[iff]: "{#x#} < {#y#} ⟷ x < y" unfolding less_multiset🪙H🪙O by simp
lemma mset_le_single_iff[iff]: "{#x#} ≤ {#y#} ⟷ x ≤ y"for x y :: "'a::order" unfolding less_eq_multiset🪙H🪙O by force
instance multiset :: (linorder) linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add by standard (metis less_eq_multiset🪙H🪙O not_less_iff_gr_or_eq)
lemma less_eq_multiset_total: "¬ M ≤ N ==> N ≤ M"for M N :: "'a :: linorder multiset" by simp
instantiation multiset :: (wellorder) wellorder begin
lemma wf_less_multiset: "wf {(M :: 'a multiset, N). M < N}" unfolding less_multiset_def multp_def by (auto intro: wf_mult wf)
instance proof intro_classes fix P :: "'a multiset ==> bool"and a :: "'a multiset" have"wfp ((<) :: 'a ==> 'a ==> bool)" using wfp_on_less . hence"wfp ((<) :: 'a multiset ==> 'a multiset ==> bool)" unfolding less_multiset_def by (rule wfp_multp) thus"(∧x. (∧y. y < x ==> P y) ==> P x) ==> P a" unfolding wfp_on_def[of UNIV, simplified] by metis qed
end
instantiation multiset :: (preorder) order_bot begin
instance multiset :: (preorder) no_top proof standard fix x :: "'a multiset" obtain a :: 'a where True by simp have"x < x + (x + {#a#})" by simp thenshow"∃y. x < y" by blast qed
instance multiset :: (preorder) ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_add by standard
instantiation multiset :: (linorder) distrib_lattice begin
definition inf_multiset :: "'a multiset ==> 'a multiset ==> 'a multiset"where "inf_multiset A B = (if A < B then A else B)"
definition sup_multiset :: "'a multiset ==> 'a multiset ==> 'a multiset"where "sup_multiset A B = (if B > A then B else A)"
instance by intro_classes (auto simp: inf_multiset_def sup_multiset_def)
end
lemma add_mset_lt_left_lt: "a < b ==> add_mset a A < add_mset b A" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_le_left_le: "a ≤ b ==> add_mset a A ≤ add_mset b A"for a :: "'a :: linorder" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_lt_right_lt: "A < B ==> add_mset a A < add_mset a B" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_le_right_le: "A ≤ B ==> add_mset a A ≤ add_mset a B" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_lt_lt_lt: assumes a_lt_b: "a < b"and A_le_B: "A < B" shows"add_mset a A < add_mset b B" by (rule less_trans[OF add_mset_lt_left_lt[OF a_lt_b] add_mset_lt_right_lt[OF A_le_B]])
lemma add_mset_lt_lt_le: "a < b ==> A ≤ B ==> add_mset a A < add_mset b B" using add_mset_lt_lt_lt le_neq_trans by fastforce
lemma add_mset_lt_le_lt: "a ≤ b ==> A < B ==> add_mset a A < add_mset b B"for a :: "'a :: linorder" using add_mset_lt_lt_lt by (metis add_mset_lt_right_lt le_less)
lemma add_mset_le_le_le: fixes a :: "'a :: linorder" assumes a_le_b: "a ≤ b"and A_le_B: "A ≤ B" shows"add_mset a A ≤ add_mset b B" by (rule order.trans[OF add_mset_le_left_le[OF a_le_b] add_mset_le_right_le[OF A_le_B]])
have max_n_in_n: "?max_N ∈# N" using n_nemp by simp have max_n_nin_m: "?max_N ∉# M" using max Max_ge leD by auto
have"M ≠ N" using max by auto moreover have"∃x > y. count M x < count N x"if"count N y < count M y"for y proof - from that have"y ∈# M" by (simp add: count_inI) thenhave"?max_M ≥ y" by simp thenhave"?max_N > y" using max by auto thenshow ?thesis using max_n_nin_m max_n_in_n count_inI by force qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis unfolding less_multiset🪙H🪙O by blast qed (auto simp: n_nemp)
end
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