(* Author: Tobias Nipkow *)
section ‹Red-Black Tree Implementation of Sets
›
theory RBT_Set
imports
Complex_Main
RBT
Cmp
Isin2
begin
definition empty ::
"'a rbt" where
"empty = Leaf"
fun ins ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a rbt \ 'a rbt" where
"ins x Leaf = R Leaf x Leaf" |
"ins x (B l a r) =
(
case cmp x a of
LT
==> baliL (ins x l) a r |
GT
==> baliR l a (ins x r) |
EQ
==> B l a r)
" |
"ins x (R l a r) =
(
case cmp x a of
LT
==> R (ins x l) a r |
GT
==> R l a (ins x r) |
EQ
==> R l a r)
"
definition insert ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a rbt \ 'a rbt" where
"insert x t = paint Black (ins x t)"
fun color ::
"'a rbt \ color" where
"color Leaf = Black" |
"color (Node _ (_, c) _) = c"
fun del ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a rbt \ 'a rbt" where
"del x Leaf = Leaf" |
"del x (Node l (a, _) r) =
(
case cmp x a of
LT
==> if l
≠ Leaf
∧ color l = Black
then baldL (del x l) a r else R (del x l) a r |
GT
==> if r
≠ Leaf
∧ color r = Black
then baldR l a (del x r) else R l a (del x r) |
EQ
==> join l r)
"
definition delete ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a rbt \ 'a rbt" where
"delete x t = paint Black (del x t)"
subsection "Functional Correctness Proofs"
lemma inorder_paint:
"inorder(paint c t) = inorder t"
by(cases t) (auto)
lemma inorder_baliL:
"inorder(baliL l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r"
by(cases
"(l,a,r)" rule: baliL.cases) (auto)
lemma inorder_baliR:
"inorder(baliR l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r"
by(cases
"(l,a,r)" rule: baliR.cases) (auto)
lemma inorder_ins:
"sorted(inorder t) \ inorder(ins x t) = ins_list x (inorder t)"
by(
induction x t rule: ins.induct)
(auto simp: ins_list_simps inorder_baliL inorder_baliR)
lemma inorder_insert:
"sorted(inorder t) \ inorder(insert x t) = ins_list x (inorder t)"
by (simp add: insert_def inorder_ins inorder_paint)
lemma inorder_baldL:
"inorder(baldL l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r"
by(cases
"(l,a,r)" rule: baldL.cases)
(auto simp: inorder_baliL inorder_baliR inorder_paint)
lemma inorder_baldR:
"inorder(baldR l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r"
by(cases
"(l,a,r)" rule: baldR.cases)
(auto simp: inorder_baliL inorder_baliR inorder_paint)
lemma inorder_join:
"inorder(join l r) = inorder l @ inorder r"
by(
induction l r rule: join.induct)
(auto simp: inorder_baldL inorder_baldR split: tree.split color.split)
lemma inorder_del:
"sorted(inorder t) \ inorder(del x t) = del_list x (inorder t)"
by(
induction x t rule: del.induct)
(auto simp: del_list_simps inorder_join inorder_baldL inorder_baldR)
lemma inorder_delete:
"sorted(inorder t) \ inorder(delete x t) = del_list x (inorder t)"
by (auto simp: delete_def inorder_del inorder_paint)
subsection ‹Structural invariants
›
lemma neq_Black[simp]:
"(c \ Black) = (c = Red)"
by (cases c) auto
text‹The proofs are due
to Markus Reiter
and Alexander Krauss.
›
fun bheight ::
"'a rbt \ nat" where
"bheight Leaf = 0" |
"bheight (Node l (x, c) r) = (if c = Black then bheight l + 1 else bheight l)"
fun invc ::
"'a rbt \ bool" where
"invc Leaf = True" |
"invc (Node l (a,c) r) =
((c = Red
⟶ color l = Black
∧ color r = Black)
∧ invc l
∧ invc r)
"
text ‹Weaker version:
›
abbreviation invc2 ::
"'a rbt \ bool" where
"invc2 t \ invc(paint Black t)"
fun invh ::
"'a rbt \ bool" where
"invh Leaf = True" |
"invh (Node l (x, c) r) = (bheight l = bheight r \ invh l \ invh r)"
lemma invc2I:
"invc t \ invc2 t"
by (cases t rule: tree2_cases) simp+
definition rbt ::
"'a rbt \ bool" where
"rbt t = (invc t \ invh t \ color t = Black)"
lemma color_paint_Black:
"color (paint Black t) = Black"
by (cases t) auto
lemma paint2:
"paint c2 (paint c1 t) = paint c2 t"
by (cases t) auto
lemma invh_paint:
"invh t \ invh (paint c t)"
by (cases t) auto
lemma invc_baliL:
"\invc2 l; invc r\ \ invc (baliL l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baliL.induct) auto
lemma invc_baliR:
"\invc l; invc2 r\ \ invc (baliR l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baliR.induct) auto
lemma bheight_baliL:
"bheight l = bheight r \ bheight (baliL l a r) = Suc (bheight l)"
by (induct l a r rule: baliL.induct) auto
lemma bheight_baliR:
"bheight l = bheight r \ bheight (baliR l a r) = Suc (bheight l)"
by (induct l a r rule: baliR.induct) auto
lemma invh_baliL:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l = bheight r \ \ invh (baliL l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baliL.induct) auto
lemma invh_baliR:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l = bheight r \ \ invh (baliR l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baliR.induct) auto
text ‹All
in one:
›
lemma inv_baliR:
"\ invh l; invh r; invc l; invc2 r; bheight l = bheight r \
==> invc (baliR l a r)
∧ invh (baliR l a r)
∧ bheight (baliR l a r) = Suc (bheight l)
"
by (induct l a r rule: baliR.induct) auto
lemma inv_baliL:
"\ invh l; invh r; invc2 l; invc r; bheight l = bheight r \
==> invc (baliL l a r)
∧ invh (baliL l a r)
∧ bheight (baliL l a r) = Suc (bheight l)
"
by (induct l a r rule: baliL.induct) auto
subsubsection
‹Insertion
›
lemma invc_ins:
"invc t \ invc2 (ins x t) \ (color t = Black \ invc (ins x t))"
by (induct x t rule: ins.induct) (auto simp: invc_baliL invc_baliR invc2I)
lemma invh_ins:
"invh t \ invh (ins x t) \ bheight (ins x t) = bheight t"
by(induct x t rule: ins.induct)
(auto simp: invh_baliL invh_baliR bheight_baliL bheight_baliR)
theorem rbt_insert:
"rbt t \ rbt (insert x t)"
by (simp add: invc_ins invh_ins color_paint_Black invh_paint rbt_def insert_def)
text ‹All
in one:
›
lemma inv_ins:
"\ invc t; invh t \ \
invc2 (ins x t)
∧ (color t = Black
⟶ invc (ins x t))
∧
invh(ins x t)
∧ bheight (ins x t) = bheight t
"
by (induct x t rule: ins.induct) (auto simp: inv_baliL inv_baliR invc2I)
theorem rbt_insert2:
"rbt t \ rbt (insert x t)"
by (simp add: inv_ins color_paint_Black invh_paint rbt_def insert_def)
subsubsection
‹Deletion
›
lemma bheight_paint_Red:
"color t = Black \ bheight (paint Red t) = bheight t - 1"
by (cases t) auto
lemma invh_baldL_invc:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l + 1 = bheight r; invc r \
==> invh (baldL l a r)
∧ bheight (baldL l a r) = bheight r
"
by (induct l a r rule: baldL.induct)
(auto simp: invh_baliR invh_paint bheight_baliR bheight_paint_Red)
lemma invh_baldL_Black:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l + 1 = bheight r; color r = Black \
==> invh (baldL l a r)
∧ bheight (baldL l a r) = bheight r
"
by (induct l a r rule: baldL.induct) (auto simp add: invh_baliR bheight_baliR)
lemma invc_baldL:
"\invc2 l; invc r; color r = Black\ \ invc (baldL l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baldL.induct) (simp_all add: invc_baliR)
lemma invc2_baldL:
"\ invc2 l; invc r \ \ invc2 (baldL l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baldL.induct) (auto simp: invc_baliR paint2 invc2I)
lemma invh_baldR_invc:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l = bheight r + 1; invc l \
==> invh (baldR l a r)
∧ bheight (baldR l a r) = bheight l
"
by(induct l a r rule: baldR.induct)
(auto simp: invh_baliL bheight_baliL invh_paint bheight_paint_Red)
lemma invc_baldR:
"\invc l; invc2 r; color l = Black\ \ invc (baldR l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baldR.induct) (simp_all add: invc_baliL)
lemma invc2_baldR:
"\ invc l; invc2 r \ \invc2 (baldR l a r)"
by (induct l a r rule: baldR.induct) (auto simp: invc_baliL paint2 invc2I)
lemma invh_join:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l = bheight r \
==> invh (join l r)
∧ bheight (join l r) = bheight l
"
by (induct l r rule: join.induct)
(auto simp: invh_baldL_Black split: tree.splits color.splits)
lemma invc_join:
"\ invc l; invc r \ \
(color l = Black
∧ color r = Black
⟶ invc (join l r))
∧ invc2 (join l r)
"
by (induct l r rule: join.induct)
(auto simp: invc_baldL invc2I split: tree.splits color.splits)
text ‹All
in one:
›
lemma inv_baldL:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l + 1 = bheight r; invc2 l; invc r \
==> invh (baldL l a r)
∧ bheight (baldL l a r) = bheight r
∧ invc2 (baldL l a r)
∧ (color r = Black
⟶ invc (baldL l a r))
"
by (induct l a r rule: baldL.induct)
(auto simp: inv_baliR invh_paint bheight_baliR bheight_paint_Red paint2 invc2I)
lemma inv_baldR:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l = bheight r + 1; invc l; invc2 r \
==> invh (baldR l a r)
∧ bheight (baldR l a r) = bheight l
∧ invc2 (baldR l a r)
∧ (color l = Black
⟶ invc (baldR l a r))
"
by (induct l a r rule: baldR.induct)
(auto simp: inv_baliL invh_paint bheight_baliL bheight_paint_Red paint2 invc2I)
lemma inv_join:
"\ invh l; invh r; bheight l = bheight r; invc l; invc r \
==> invh (join l r)
∧ bheight (join l r) = bheight l
∧ invc2 (join l r)
∧ (color l = Black
∧ color r = Black
⟶ invc (join l r))
"
by (induct l r rule: join.induct)
(auto simp: invh_baldL_Black inv_baldL invc2I split: tree.splits color.splits)
lemma neq_LeafD:
"t \ Leaf \ \l x c r. t = Node l (x,c) r"
by(cases t rule: tree2_cases) auto
lemma inv_del:
"\ invh t; invc t \ \
invh (del x t)
∧
(color t = Red
⟶ bheight (del x t) = bheight t
∧ invc (del x t))
∧
(color t = Black
⟶ bheight (del x t) = bheight t - 1
∧ invc2 (del x t))
"
by(induct x t rule: del.induct)
(auto simp: inv_baldL inv_baldR inv_join dest!: neq_LeafD)
theorem rbt_delete:
"rbt t \ rbt (delete x t)"
by (metis delete_def rbt_def color_paint_Black inv_del invh_paint)
text ‹Overall correctness:
›
interpretation S: Set_by_Ordered
where empty = empty
and isin = isin
and insert = insert
and delete = delete
and inorder = inorder
and inv = rbt
proof (standard, goal_cases)
case 1
show ?
case by (simp add: empty_def)
next
case 2
thus ?
case by(simp add: isin_set_inorder)
next
case 3
thus ?
case by(simp add: inorder_insert)
next
case 4
thus ?
case by(simp add: inorder_delete)
next
case 5
thus ?
case by (simp add: rbt_def empty_def)
next
case 6
thus ?
case by (simp add: rbt_insert)
next
case 7
thus ?
case by (simp add: rbt_delete)
qed
subsection ‹Height-Size Relation
›
lemma rbt_height_bheight_if:
"invc t \ invh t \
height t
≤ 2 * bheight t + (
if color t = Black
then 0 else 1)
"
by(
induction t) (auto split: if_split_asm)
lemma rbt_height_bheight:
"rbt t \ height t / 2 \ bheight t "
by(auto simp: rbt_def dest: rbt_height_bheight_if)
lemma bheight_size_bound:
"invc t \ invh t \ 2 ^ (bheight t) \ size1 t"
by (
induction t) auto
lemma bheight_le_min_height:
"invh t \ bheight t \ min_height t"
by (
induction t) auto
lemma rbt_height_le:
assumes "rbt t" shows "height t \ 2 * log 2 (size1 t)"
proof -
have "2 powr (height t / 2) \ 2 powr bheight t"
using rbt_height_bheight[OF assms]
by simp
also have "\ \ size1 t" using assms
by (simp add: powr_realpow bheight_size_bound rbt_def)
finally have "2 powr (height t / 2) \ size1 t" .
hence "height t / 2 \ log 2 (size1 t)"
by (simp add: le_log_iff size1_size del: divide_le_eq_numeral1(1))
thus ?thesis
by simp
qed
lemma rbt_height_le2:
assumes "rbt t" shows "height t \ 2 * log 2 (size1 t)"
proof -
have "height t \ 2 * bheight t"
using rbt_height_bheight_if assms[simplified rbt_def]
by fastforce
also have "\ \ 2 * min_height t"
using bheight_le_min_height assms[simplified rbt_def]
by auto
also have "\ \ 2 * log 2 (size1 t)"
using le_log2_of_power min_height_size1
by auto
finally show ?thesis
by simp
qed
end