(* Author: Tobias Nipkow *)
section "AVL Tree with Balance Factors (2)"
theory AVL_Bal2_Set
imports
Cmp
Isin2
begin
text ‹This version passes a flag (
‹Same
›/
‹Diff
›)
back up
to signal
if the height changed.
›
datatype bal = Lh | Bal | Rh
type_synonym 'a tree_bal = "('a * bal) tree
"
text ‹Invariant:
›
fun avl ::
"'a tree_bal \ bool" where
"avl Leaf = True" |
"avl (Node l (a,b) r) =
((
case b of
Bal
==> height r = height l |
Lh
==> height l = height r + 1 |
Rh
==> height r = height l + 1)
∧ avl l
∧ avl r)
"
subsection ‹Code
›
datatype 'a alt = Same 'a | Diff
'a
type_synonym 'a tree_bal2 = "'a tree_bal alt
"
fun tree ::
"'a alt \ 'a" where
"tree(Same t) = t" |
"tree(Diff t) = t"
fun rot2
where
"rot2 A a B c C = (case B of
(Node B
🚫1 (b, bb) B
🚫2)
==>
let b
🚫1 =
if bb = Rh
then Lh else Bal;
b
🚫2 =
if bb = Lh
then Rh else Bal
in Node (Node A (a,b
🚫1) B
🚫1) (b,Bal) (Node B
🚫2 (c,b
🚫2) C))
"
fun balL ::
"'a tree_bal2 \ 'a \ bal \ 'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal2" where
"balL AB' c bc C = (case AB' of
Same AB
==> Same (Node AB (c,bc) C) |
Diff AB
==> (
case bc of
Bal
==> Diff (Node AB (c,Lh) C) |
Rh
==> Same (Node AB (c,Bal) C) |
Lh
==> (
case AB of
Node A (a,Lh) B
==> Same(Node A (a,Bal) (Node B (c,Bal) C)) |
Node A (a,Rh) B
==> Same(rot2 A a B c C))))
"
fun balR ::
"'a tree_bal \ 'a \ bal \ 'a tree_bal2 \ 'a tree_bal2" where
"balR A a ba BC' = (case BC' of
Same BC
==> Same (Node A (a,ba) BC) |
Diff BC
==> (
case ba of
Bal
==> Diff (Node A (a,Rh) BC) |
Lh
==> Same (Node A (a,Bal) BC) |
Rh
==> (
case BC of
Node B (c,Rh) C
==> Same(Node (Node A (a,Bal) B) (c,Bal) C) |
Node B (c,Lh) C
==> Same(rot2 A a B c C))))
"
fun ins ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal2" where
"ins x Leaf = Diff(Node Leaf (x, Bal) Leaf)" |
"ins x (Node l (a, b) r) = (case cmp x a of
EQ
==> Same(Node l (a, b) r) |
LT
==> balL (ins x l) a b r |
GT
==> balR l a b (ins x r))
"
definition insert ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal" where
"insert x t = tree(ins x t)"
fun baldR ::
"'a tree_bal \ 'a \ bal \ 'a tree_bal2 \ 'a tree_bal2" where
"baldR AB c bc C' = (case C' of
Same C
==> Same (Node AB (c,bc) C) |
Diff C
==> (
case bc of
Bal
==> Same (Node AB (c,Lh) C) |
Rh
==> Diff (Node AB (c,Bal) C) |
Lh
==> (
case AB of
Node A (a,Lh) B
==> Diff(Node A (a,Bal) (Node B (c,Bal) C)) |
Node A (a,Bal) B
==> Same(Node A (a,Rh) (Node B (c,Lh) C)) |
Node A (a,Rh) B
==> Diff(rot2 A a B c C))))
"
fun baldL ::
"'a tree_bal2 \ 'a \ bal \ 'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal2" where
"baldL A' a ba BC = (case A' of
Same A
==> Same (Node A (a,ba) BC) |
Diff A
==> (
case ba of
Bal
==> Same (Node A (a,Rh) BC) |
Lh
==> Diff (Node A (a,Bal) BC) |
Rh
==> (
case BC of
Node B (c,Rh) C
==> Diff(Node (Node A (a,Bal) B) (c,Bal) C) |
Node B (c,Bal) C
==> Same(Node (Node A (a,Rh) B) (c,Lh) C) |
Node B (c,Lh) C
==> Diff(rot2 A a B c C))))
"
fun split_max ::
"'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal2 * 'a" where
"split_max (Node l (a, ba) r) =
(
if r = Leaf
then (Diff l,a) else
let (r
',a') = split_max r
in (baldR l a ba r
', a'))
"
fun del ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal2" where
"del _ Leaf = Same Leaf" |
"del x (Node l (a, ba) r) =
(
case cmp x a of
EQ
==> if l = Leaf
then Diff r
else
let (l
', a') = split_max l
in baldL l
' a' ba r |
LT
==> baldL (del x l) a ba r |
GT
==> baldR l a ba (del x r))
"
definition delete ::
"'a::linorder \ 'a tree_bal \ 'a tree_bal" where
"delete x t = tree(del x t)"
lemmas split_max_induct = split_max.induct[case_names Node Leaf]
lemmas splits = if_splits tree.splits alt.splits bal.splits
subsection ‹Proofs
›
subsubsection
"Proofs about insertion"
lemma avl_ins_case:
"avl t \ case ins x t of
Same t
' \ avl t' ∧ height t
' = height t |
Diff t
' \ avl t' ∧ height t
' = height t + 1 \
(
∀l a r. t
' = Node l (a,Bal) r \ a = x \ l = Leaf \ r = Leaf)"
by (
induction x t rule: ins.induct) (auto simp: max_absorb1 split!: splits)
corollary avl_insert:
"avl t \ avl(insert x t)"
using avl_ins_case[of t x]
by (simp add: insert_def split: splits)
(* The following aux lemma simplifies the inorder_ins proof *)
lemma ins_Diff[simp]:
"avl t \
ins x t
≠ Diff Leaf
∧
(ins x t = Diff (Node l (a,Bal) r)
⟷ t = Leaf
∧ a = x
∧ l=Leaf
∧ r=Leaf)
∧
ins x t
≠ Diff (Node l (a,Rh) Leaf)
∧
ins x t
≠ Diff (Node Leaf (a,Lh) r)
"
by(drule avl_ins_case[of _ x]) (auto split: splits)
theorem inorder_ins:
"\ avl t; sorted(inorder t) \ \ inorder(tree(ins x t)) = ins_list x (inorder t)"
by (
induction t) (auto simp: ins_list_simps split!: splits)
subsubsection
"Proofs about deletion"
lemma inorder_baldL:
"\ ba = Rh \ r \ Leaf; avl r \
==> inorder (tree(baldL l a ba r)) = inorder (tree l) @ a # inorder r
"
by (auto split: splits)
lemma inorder_baldR:
"\ ba = Lh \ l \ Leaf; avl l \
==> inorder (tree(baldR l a ba r)) = inorder l @ a # inorder (tree r)
"
by (auto split: splits)
lemma avl_split_max:
"\ split_max t = (t',a); avl t; t \ Leaf \ \ case t' of
Same t
' \ avl t' ∧ height t = height t
' |
Diff t
' \ avl t' ∧ height t = height t
' + 1"
proof (
induction t arbitrary: t
' a rule: split_max_induct)
qed (auto simp: max_def split!: splits prod.splits)
lemma avl_del_case:
"avl t \ case del x t of
Same t
' \ avl t' ∧ height t = height t
' |
Diff t
' \ avl t' ∧ height t = height t
' + 1"
proof (
induction x t rule: del.induct)
qed (auto simp: max_absorb1 max_absorb2 dest: avl_split_max split!: splits prod.splits)
corollary avl_delete:
"avl t \ avl(delete x t)"
using avl_del_case[of t x]
by(simp add: delete_def split: splits)
lemma inorder_split_maxD:
"\ split_max t = (t',a); t \ Leaf; avl t \ \
inorder (tree t
') @ [a] = inorder t"
proof (
induction t arbitrary: t
' rule: split_max.induct)
qed (auto split!: splits prod.splits)
lemma neq_Leaf_if_height_neq_0[simp]:
"height t \ 0 \ t \ Leaf"
by auto
theorem inorder_del:
"\ avl t; sorted(inorder t) \ \ inorder (tree(del x t)) = del_list x (inorder t)"
proof (
induction t rule: tree2_induct)
case Leaf
then show ?
case by simp
next
case (Node x1 a b x3)
then show ?
case
by (auto simp: del_list_simps inorder_baldL inorder_baldR avl_delete inorder_split_maxD
simp del: baldL.simps split!: splits prod.splits)
qed
subsubsection
‹Set Implementation
›
interpretation S: Set_by_Ordered
where empty = Leaf
and isin = isin
and insert = insert
and delete = delete
and inorder = inorder
and inv = avl
proof (standard, goal_cases)
case 1
show ?
case by (simp)
next
case 2
thus ?
case by(simp add: isin_set_inorder)
next
case 3
thus ?
case by(simp add: inorder_ins insert_def)
next
case 4
thus ?
case by(simp add: inorder_del delete_def)
next
case 5
thus ?
case by (simp)
next
case 6
thus ?
case by (simp add: avl_insert)
next
case 7
thus ?
case by (simp add: avl_delete)
qed
end