(* Title: HOL/Analysis/Improper_Integral.thy Author: LC Paulson (ported from HOL Light)
*)
section ‹Continuity of the indefinite integral; improper integral theorem›
theory"Improper_Integral" imports Equivalence_Lebesgue_Henstock_Integration begin
subsection ‹Equiintegrability›
text‹The definition here only really makes sense for an elementary set.
We just use compact intervals in applications below.›
definition🍋‹tag important› equiintegrable_on (infixr‹equiintegrable'_on\ 46) where"F equiintegrable_on I \
(∀f ∈ F. f integrable_on I) ∧
(∀e > 0. ∃γ. gauge γ ∧
(∀f D. f ∈ F ∧D tagged_division_of I ∧ γ fine D ⟶ norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < e))"
lemma equiintegrable_on_integrable: "\F equiintegrable_on I; f \ F\ \ f integrable_on I" using equiintegrable_on_def by metis
lemma equiintegrable_on_sing [simp]: "{f} equiintegrable_on cbox a b \ f integrable_on cbox a b" by (simp add: equiintegrable_on_def has_integral_integral has_integral integrable_on_def)
lemma equiintegrable_on_subset: "\F equiintegrable_on I; G \ F\ \ G equiintegrable_on I" unfolding equiintegrable_on_def Ball_def by (erule conj_forward imp_forward all_forward ex_forward | blast)+
lemma equiintegrable_on_Un: assumes"F equiintegrable_on I""G equiintegrable_on I" shows"(F \ G) equiintegrable_on I" unfolding equiintegrable_on_def proof (intro conjI impI allI) show"\f\F \ G. f integrable_on I" using assms unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by blast show"\\. gauge \ \
(∀f D. f ∈ F ∪ G ∧ D tagged_division_of I ∧ γ fine D⟶
norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε)" if"\ > 0"for ε proof - obtain γ1 where"gauge \1" and γ1: "\f \. f \ F \ \ tagged_division_of I \ \1 fine \ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε" using assms ‹ε > 0›unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by auto obtain γ2 where"gauge \2" and γ2: "\f \. f \ G \ \ tagged_division_of I \ \2 fine \ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε" using assms ‹ε > 0›unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by auto have"gauge (\x. \1 x \ \2 x)" using‹gauge γ1›‹gauge γ2›by blast moreoverhave"\f \. f \ F \ G \ \ tagged_division_of I \ (\x. \1 x \ \2 x) fine \ \
norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε" using γ1 γ2 by (auto simp: fine_Int) ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (intro exI conjI) assumption+ qed qed
lemma equiintegrable_on_insert: assumes"f integrable_on cbox a b""F equiintegrable_on cbox a b" shows"(insert f F) equiintegrable_on cbox a b" by (metis assms equiintegrable_on_Un equiintegrable_on_sing insert_is_Un)
lemma equiintegrable_cmul: assumes F: "F equiintegrable_on I" shows"(\c \ {-k..k}. \f \ F. {(\x. c *\<^sub>R f x)}) equiintegrable_on I" unfolding equiintegrable_on_def proof (intro conjI impI allI ballI) show"f integrable_on I" if"f \ (\c\{- k..k}. \f\F. {\x. c *\<^sub>R f x})" for f :: "'a \ 'b" using that assms equiintegrable_on_integrable integrable_cmul by blast show"\\. gauge \ \ (\f \. f \ (\c\{- k..k}. \f\F. {\x. c *\<^sub>R f x}) \ \ tagged_division_of I ∧ γ fine D⟶ norm ((∑(x, K)∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε)" if"\ > 0"for ε proof - obtain γ where"gauge \" and γ: "\f \. \f \ F; \ tagged_division_of I; \ fine \\ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε / (∣k∣ + 1)" using assms ‹ε > 0›unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (metis add.commute add.right_neutral add_strict_mono divide_pos_pos norm_eq_zero real_norm_def zero_less_norm_iff zero_less_one) moreoverhave"norm ((\(x, K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R c *\<^sub>R (f x)) - integral I (\x. c *\<^sub>R f x)) < \" if c: "c \ {- k..k}" and"f \ F""\ tagged_division_of I""\ fine \" forD c f proof - have"norm ((\x\\. case x of (x, K) \ content K *\<^sub>R c *\<^sub>R f x) - integral I (\x. c *\<^sub>R f x))
= ∣c∣ * norm ((∑x∈D. case x of (x, K) ==> content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f)" by (simp add: algebra_simps scale_sum_right case_prod_unfold flip: norm_scaleR) alsohave"\ \ (\k\ + 1) * norm ((\x\\. case x of (x, K) \ content K *\<^sub>R f x) - integral I f)" using c by (auto simp: mult_right_mono) alsohave"\ < (\k\ + 1) * (\ / (\k\ + 1))" by (rule mult_strict_left_mono) (use γ less_eq_real_def that in auto) alsohave"\ = \" by auto finallyshow ?thesis . qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (rule_tac x="\"in exI) auto qed qed
lemma equiintegrable_add: assumes F: "F equiintegrable_on I"and G: "G equiintegrable_on I" shows"(\f \ F. \g \ G. {(\x. f x + g x)}) equiintegrable_on I" unfolding equiintegrable_on_def proof (intro conjI impI allI ballI) show"f integrable_on I" if"f \ (\f\F. \g\G. {\x. f x + g x})"for f using that equiintegrable_on_integrable assms by (auto intro: integrable_add) show"\\. gauge \ \ (\f \. f \ (\f\F. \g\G. {\x. f x + g x}) \ \ tagged_division_of I ∧ γ fine D⟶ norm ((∑(x, K)∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε)" if"\ > 0"for ε proof - obtain γ1 where"gauge \1" and γ1: "\f \. \f \ F; \ tagged_division_of I; \1 fine \\ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral I f) < ε/2" using assms ‹ε > 0›unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (meson half_gt_zero_iff) obtain γ2 where"gauge \2" and γ2: "\g \. \g \ G; \ tagged_division_of I; \2 fine \\ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R g x) - integral I g) < ε/2" using assms ‹ε > 0›unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (meson half_gt_zero_iff) have"gauge (\x. \1 x \ \2 x)" using‹gauge γ1›‹gauge γ2›by blast moreoverhave"norm ((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R h x) - integral I h) < \" if h: "h \ (\f\F. \g\G. {\x. f x + g x})" andD: "\ tagged_division_of I"and fine: "(\x. \1 x \ \2 x) fine \" for h D proof - obtain f g where"f \ F""g \ G"and heq: "h = (\x. f x + g x)" using h by blast thenhave int: "f integrable_on I""g integrable_on I" using F G equiintegrable_on_def by blast+ have"norm ((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R h x) - integral I h)
= norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x + content K *🚫R g x) - (integral I f + integral I g))" by (simp add: heq algebra_simps integral_add int) alsohave"\ = norm (((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R f x) - integral I f + (\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - integral I g))" by (simp add: sum.distrib algebra_simps case_prod_unfold) alsohave"\ \ norm ((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R f x) - integral I f) + norm ((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - integral I g)" by (metis (mono_tags) add_diff_eq norm_triangle_ineq) alsohave"\ < \/2 + \/2" using γ1 [OF ‹f ∈ F›D] γ2 [OF ‹g ∈ G›D] fine by (simp add: fine_Int) finallyshow ?thesis by simp qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis by meson qed qed
lemma equiintegrable_minus: assumes"F equiintegrable_on I" shows"(\f \ F. {(\x. - f x)}) equiintegrable_on I" by (force intro: equiintegrable_on_subset [OF equiintegrable_cmul [OF assms, of 1]])
lemma equiintegrable_diff: assumes F: "F equiintegrable_on I"and G: "G equiintegrable_on I" shows"(\f \ F. \g \ G. {(\x. f x - g x)}) equiintegrable_on I" by (rule equiintegrable_on_subset [OF equiintegrable_add [OF F equiintegrable_minus [OF G]]]) auto
lemma equiintegrable_sum: fixes F :: "('a::euclidean_space \ 'b::euclidean_space) set" assumes"F equiintegrable_on cbox a b" shows"(\I \ Collect finite. \c \ {c. (\i \ I. c i \ 0) \ sum c I = 1}. ∪f ∈ I → F. {(λx. sum (λi::'j. c i *\<^sub>R f i x) I)}) equiintegrable_on cbox a b"
(is"?G equiintegrable_on _") unfolding equiintegrable_on_def proof (intro conjI impI allI ballI) show"f integrable_on cbox a b"if"f \ ?G"for f using that assms by (auto simp: equiintegrable_on_def intro!: integrable_sum integrable_cmul) show"\\. gauge \ ∧ (∀g D. g ∈ ?G ∧D tagged_division_of cbox a b ∧ γ fine D ⟶ norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R g x) - integral (cbox a b) g) < ε)" if"\ > 0"for ε proof - obtain γ where"gauge \" and γ: "\f \. \f \ F; \ tagged_division_of cbox a b; \ fine \\ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral (cbox a b) f) < ε / 2" using assms ‹ε > 0›unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (meson half_gt_zero_iff) moreoverhave"norm ((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - integral (cbox a b) g) < \" if g: "g \ ?G" andD: "\ tagged_division_of cbox a b" and fine: "\ fine \" forD g proof - obtain I c f where"finite I"and 0: "\i::'j. i \ I \ 0 \ c i" and 1: "sum c I = 1"and f: "f \ I \ F"and geq: "g = (\x. \i\I. c i *\<^sub>R f i x)" using g by auto have fi_int: "f i integrable_on cbox a b"if"i \ I"for i by (metis Pi_iff assms equiintegrable_on_def f that) have *: "integral (cbox a b) (\x. c i *\<^sub>R f i x) = (\(x, K)\\. integral K (\x. c i *\<^sub>R f i x))" if"i \ I"for i proof - have"f i integrable_on cbox a b" by (metis Pi_iff assms equiintegrable_on_def f that) thenshow ?thesis by (intro D integrable_cmul integral_combine_tagged_division_topdown) qed have"finite \" usingDby blast have swap: "(\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R (\i\I. c i *\<^sub>R f i x))
= (∑i∈I. c i *🚫R (∑(x,K)∈D. content K *🚫R f i x))" by (simp add: scale_sum_right case_prod_unfold algebra_simps) (rule sum.swap) have"norm ((\(x, K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - integral (cbox a b) g)
= norm ((∑i∈I. c i *🚫R ((∑(x,K)∈D. content K *🚫R f i x) - integral (cbox a b) (f i))))" unfolding geq swap by (simp add: scaleR_right.sum algebra_simps integral_sum fi_int integrable_cmul ‹finite I› sum_subtractf flip: sum_diff) alsohave"\ \ (\i\I. c i * \ / 2)" proof (rule sum_norm_le) show"norm (c i *\<^sub>R ((\(xa, K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f i xa) - integral (cbox a b) (f i))) \ c i * \ / 2" if"i \ I"for i proof - have"norm ((\(x, K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f i x) - integral (cbox a b) (f i)) \ \/2" using γ [OF _ D fine, of "f i"] funcset_mem [OF f] that by auto thenshow ?thesis using that by (auto simp: 0 mult.assoc intro: mult_left_mono) qed qed alsohave"\ < \" using 1 ‹ε > 0›by (simp add: flip: sum_divide_distrib sum_distrib_right) finallyshow ?thesis . qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis by (rule_tac x="\"in exI) auto qed qed
corollary equiintegrable_sum_real: fixes F :: "(real \ 'b::euclidean_space) set" assumes"F equiintegrable_on {a..b}" shows"(\I \ Collect finite. \c \ {c. (\i \ I. c i \ 0) \ sum c I = 1}. ∪f ∈ I → F. {(λx. sum (λi. c i *🚫R f i x) I)})
equiintegrable_on {a..b}" using equiintegrable_sum [of F a b] assms by auto
text‹ Basic combining theoremsfor the interval of integration.›
lemma equiintegrable_on_null [simp]: "content(cbox a b) = 0 \ F equiintegrable_on cbox a b" unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (metis diff_zero gauge_trivial integrable_on_null integral_null norm_zero sum_content_null)
text‹ Main limit theoremfor an equiintegrable sequence.›
theorem equiintegrable_limit: fixes g :: "'a :: euclidean_space \ 'b :: banach" assumes feq: "range f equiintegrable_on cbox a b" and to_g: "\x. x \ cbox a b \ (\n. f n x) \ g x" shows"g integrable_on cbox a b \ (\n. integral (cbox a b) (f n)) \ integral (cbox a b) g" proof - have"Cauchy (\n. integral(cbox a b) (f n))" proof (clarsimp simp add: Cauchy_def) fix e::real assume"0 < e" thenhave e3: "0 < e/3" by simp thenobtain γ where"gauge \" and γ: "\n \. \\ tagged_division_of cbox a b; \ fine \\ ==> norm((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f n x) - integral (cbox a b) (f n)) < e/3" using feq unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (meson image_eqI iso_tuple_UNIV_I) obtainDwhereD: "\ tagged_division_of (cbox a b)"and"\ fine \""finite \" by (meson ‹gauge γ› fine_division_exists tagged_division_of_finite) with γ have δT: "\n. dist ((\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f n x)) (integral (cbox a b) (f n)) < e/3" by (force simp: dist_norm) have"(\n. \(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f n x) \ (\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R g x)" usingD to_g by (auto intro!: tendsto_sum tendsto_scaleR) thenhave"Cauchy (\n. \(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f n x)" by (meson convergent_eq_Cauchy) with e3 obtain M where
M: "\m n. \m\M; n\M\ \ dist (\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f m x) (\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f n x)
< e/3" unfolding Cauchy_def by blast have"\m n. \m\M; n\M;
dist (∑(x,K)∈D. content K *🚫R f m x) (∑(x,K)∈D. content K *🚫R f n x) < e/3] ==> dist (integral (cbox a b) (f m)) (integral (cbox a b) (f n)) < e" by (metis δT dist_commute dist_triangle_third [OF _ _ δT]) thenshow"\M. \m\M. \n\M. dist (integral (cbox a b) (f m)) (integral (cbox a b) (f n)) < e" using M by auto qed thenobtain L where L: "(\n. integral (cbox a b) (f n)) \ L" by (meson convergent_eq_Cauchy) have"(g has_integral L) (cbox a b)" proof (clarsimp simp: has_integral) fix e::real assume"0 < e" thenhave e2: "0 < e/2" by simp thenobtain γ where"gauge \" and γ: "\n \. \\ tagged_division_of cbox a b; \ fine \\ ==> norm((∑(x,K)∈D. content K *🚫R f n x) - integral (cbox a b) (f n)) < e/2" using feq unfolding equiintegrable_on_def by (meson image_eqI iso_tuple_UNIV_I) moreover have"norm ((\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - L) < e" if"\ tagged_division_of cbox a b""\ fine \"forD proof - have"norm ((\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - L) \ e/2" proof (rule Lim_norm_ubound) show"(\n. (\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R f n x) - integral (cbox a b) (f n)) \ (\(x,K)\\. content K *\<^sub>R g x) - L" using to_g that L by (intro tendsto_diff tendsto_sum) (auto simp: tag_in_interval tendsto_scaleR) show"\\<^sub>F n in sequentially.
norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f n x) - integral (cbox a b) (f n)) ≤ e/2" by (intro eventuallyI less_imp_le γ that) qed auto with‹0 < e›show ?thesis by linarith qed ultimately show"\\. gauge \ \
(∀D. D tagged_division_of cbox a b ∧ γ fine D⟶
norm ((∑(x,K)∈D. content K *🚫R g x) - L) < e)" by meson qed with L show ?thesis by (simp add: ‹(λn. integral (cbox a b) (f n)) <---- L› has_integral_integrable_integral) qed
lemma equiintegrable_reflect: assumes"F equiintegrable_on cbox a b" shows"(\f. f \ uminus) ` F equiintegrable_on cbox (-b) (-a)" proof - have🍋: "\\. gauge \ \
(∀f D. f ∈ (λf. f ∘ uminus) ` F ∧D tagged_division_of cbox (- b) (- a) ∧ γ fine D⟶
norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral (cbox (- b) (- a)) f) < e)" if"gauge \"and
γ: "\f \. \f \ F; \ tagged_division_of cbox a b; \ fine \\ \
norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral (cbox a b) f) < e" for e \ proof (intro exI, safe) show"gauge (\x. uminus ` \ (-x))" by (metis ‹gauge γ› gauge_reflect) show"norm ((\(x,K) \ \. content K *\<^sub>R (f \ uminus) x) - integral (cbox (- b) (- a)) (f \ uminus)) < e" if"f \ F"and tag: "\ tagged_division_of cbox (- b) (- a)" and fine: "(\x. uminus ` \ (- x)) fine \"for f D proof - have 1: "(\(x,K). (- x, uminus ` K)) ` \ tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b" if"\ tagged_partial_division_of cbox (- b) (- a)" proof - have"- y \ cbox a b" if"\x K. (x,K) \ \ \ x \ K \ K \ cbox (- b) (- a) \ (\a b. K = cbox a b)" "(x, Y) \ \""y \ Y"for x Y y proof - have"y \ uminus ` cbox a b" using that by auto thenshow"- y \ cbox a b" by force qed with that show ?thesis by (fastforce simp: tagged_partial_division_of_def interior_negations image_iff) qed have 2: "\K. (\x. (x,K) \ (\(x,K). (- x, uminus ` K)) ` \) \ x \ K" if"\{K. \x. (x,K) \ \} = cbox (- b) (- a)""x \ cbox a b"for x proof - have xm: "x \ uminus ` \{A. \a. (a, A) \ \}" by (simp add: that) thenobtain a X where"-x \ X""(a, X) \ \" by auto thenshow ?thesis by (metis (no_types, lifting) add.inverse_inverse image_iff pair_imageI) qed have 3: "\x X y. \\ tagged_partial_division_of cbox (- b) (- a); (x, X) \ \; y \ X\ \ - y \ cbox a b" by (metis (no_types, lifting) equation_minus_iff imageE subsetD tagged_partial_division_ofD(3) uminus_interval_vector) have tag': "(\(x,K). (- x, uminus ` K)) ` \ tagged_division_of cbox a b" using tag by (auto simp: tagged_division_of_def dest: 1 2 3) have fine': "\ fine (\(x,K). (- x, uminus ` K)) ` \" using fine by (fastforce simp: fine_def) have inj: "inj_on (\(x,K). (- x, uminus ` K)) \" unfolding inj_on_def by force have eq: "content (uminus ` I) = content I" if I: "(x, I) \ \"and fnz: "f (- x) \ 0"for x I proof - obtain a b where"I = cbox a b" using tag I that by (force simp: tagged_division_of_def tagged_partial_division_of_def) thenshow ?thesis using content_image_affinity_cbox [of "-1" 0] by auto qed have"(\(x,K) \ (\(x,K). (- x, uminus ` K)) ` \. content K *\<^sub>R f x) =
(∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f (- x))" by (auto simp add: eq sum.reindex [OF inj] intro!: sum.cong) thenshow ?thesis using γ [OF ‹f ∈ F› tag' fine'] integral_reflect by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) Henstock_Kurzweil_Integration.integral_cong comp_apply split_def sum.cong) qed qed show ?thesis using assms apply (auto simp: equiintegrable_on_def)
subgoal for f by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) comp_apply integrable_eq integrable_reflect) using🍋by fastforce qed
subsection‹Subinterval restrictions for equiintegrable families›
text‹First, some technical lemmas about minimizing a "flat" part of a sum over a division.›
lemma lemma0: assumes"i \ Basis" shows"content (cbox u v) / (interval_upperbound (cbox u v) \ i - interval_lowerbound (cbox u v) \ i) =
(if content (cbox u v) = 0 then 0
else ∏j ∈ Basis - {i}. interval_upperbound (cbox u v) ∙ j - interval_lowerbound (cbox u v) ∙ j)" proof (cases "content (cbox u v) = 0") case True thenshow ?thesis by simp next case False thenshow ?thesis using prod.subset_diff [of "{i}" Basis] assms by (force simp: content_cbox_if divide_simps split: if_split_asm) qed
lemma content_division_lemma1: assumes div: "\ division_of S"and S: "S \ cbox a b"and i: "i \ Basis" and mt: "\K. K \ \ \ content K \ 0" and disj: "(\K \ \. K \ {x. x \ i = a \ i} \ {}) \ (\K \ \. K \ {x. x \ i = b \ i} \ {})" shows"(b \ i - a \ i) * (\K\\. content K / (interval_upperbound K \ i - interval_lowerbound K \ i)) ≤ content(cbox a b)" (is "?lhs ≤ ?rhs") proof - have"finite \" using div by blast
define extend where "extend \ \K. cbox (\j \ Basis. if j = i then (a \ i) *\<^sub>R i else (interval_lowerbound K \ j) *\<^sub>R j)
(∑j ∈ Basis. if j = i then (b ∙ i) *🚫R i else (interval_upperbound K ∙ j) *🚫R j)" have div_subset_cbox: "\K. K \ \ \ K \ cbox a b" using S div by auto have"\K. K \ \ \ K \ {}" using div by blast have extend_cbox: "\K. K \ \ \ \a b. extend K = cbox a b" using extend_def by blast have extend: "extend K \ {}""extend K \ cbox a b"if K: "K \ \"for K proof - obtain u v where K: "K = cbox u v""K \ {}""K \ cbox a b" using K cbox_division_memE [OF _ div] by (meson div_subset_cbox) with i show"extend K \ cbox a b" by (auto simp: extend_def subset_box box_ne_empty) have"a \ i \ b \ i" using K by (metis bot.extremum_uniqueI box_ne_empty(1) i) with K show"extend K \ {}" by (simp add: extend_def i box_ne_empty) qed have int_extend_disjoint: "interior(extend K1) \ interior(extend K2) = {}"if K: "K1 \ \""K2 \ \""K1 \ K2"forK1 K2 proof - obtain u v where K1: "K1 = cbox u v""K1 \ {}""K1 \ cbox a b" using K cbox_division_memE [OF _ div] by (meson div_subset_cbox) obtain w z where K2: "K2 = cbox w z""K2 \ {}""K2 \ cbox a b" using K cbox_division_memE [OF _ div] by (meson div_subset_cbox) have cboxes: "cbox u v \ \""cbox w z \ \""cbox u v \ cbox w z" using K1 K2 that by auto with div have"interior (cbox u v) \ interior (cbox w z) = {}" by blast moreover have"\x. x \ box u v \ x \ box w z" if"x \ interior (extend K1)""x \ interior (extend K2)"for x proof - have"a \ i < x \ i""x \ i < b \ i" and ux: "\k. k \ Basis - {i} \ u \ k < x \ k" and xv: "\k. k \ Basis - {i} \ x \ k < v \ k" and wx: "\k. k \ Basis - {i} \ w \ k < x \ k" and xz: "\k. k \ Basis - {i} \ x \ k < z \ k" using that K1 K2 i by (auto simp: extend_def box_ne_empty mem_box) have"box u v \ {}""box w z \ {}" using cboxes interior_cbox by (auto simp: content_eq_0_interior dest: mt) thenobtain q s where q: "\k. k \ Basis \ w \ k < q \ k \ q \ k < z \ k" and s: "\k. k \ Basis \ u \ k < s \ k \ s \ k < v \ k" by (meson all_not_in_conv mem_box(1)) show ?thesis using disj proof assume"\K\\. K \ {x. x \ i = a \ i} \ {}" thenhave uva: "(cbox u v) \ {x. x \ i = a \ i} \ {}" and wza: "(cbox w z) \ {x. x \ i = a \ i} \ {}" using cboxes by (auto simp: content_eq_0_interior) thenobtain r t where"r \ i = a \ i"and r: "\k. k \ Basis \ w \ k \ r \ k \ r \ k \ z \ k" and"t \ i = a \ i"and t: "\k. k \ Basis \ u \ k \ t \ k \ t \ k \ v \ k" by (fastforce simp: mem_box) have u: "u \ i < q \ i" using i K2(1) K2(3) ‹t ∙ i = a ∙ i› q s t [OF i] by (force simp: subset_box) have w: "w \ i < s \ i" using i K1(1) K1(3) ‹r ∙ i = a ∙ i› s r [OF i] by (force simp: subset_box)
define ξ where"\ \ (\j \ Basis. if j = i then min (q \ i) (s \ i) *\<^sub>R i else (x \ j) *\<^sub>R j)" have [simp]: "\ \ j = (if j = i then min (q \ j) (s \ j) else x \ j)"if"j \ Basis"for j unfolding ξ_def by (intro sum_if_inner that ‹i ∈ Basis›) show ?thesis proof (intro exI conjI) have"min (q \ i) (s \ i) < v \ i" using i s by fastforce with‹i ∈ Basis› s u ux xv show"\ \ box u v" by (force simp: mem_box) have"min (q \ i) (s \ i) < z \ i" using i q by force with‹i ∈ Basis› q w wx xz show"\ \ box w z" by (force simp: mem_box) qed next assume"\K\\. K \ {x. x \ i = b \ i} \ {}" thenhave uva: "(cbox u v) \ {x. x \ i = b \ i} \ {}" and wza: "(cbox w z) \ {x. x \ i = b \ i} \ {}" using cboxes by (auto simp: content_eq_0_interior) thenobtain r t where"r \ i = b \ i"and r: "\k. k \ Basis \ w \ k \ r \ k \ r \ k \ z \ k" and"t \ i = b \ i"and t: "\k. k \ Basis \ u \ k \ t \ k \ t \ k \ v \ k" by (fastforce simp: mem_box) have z: "s \ i < z \ i" using K1(1) K1(3) ‹r ∙ i = b ∙ i› r [OF i] i s by (force simp: subset_box) have v: "q \ i < v \ i" using K2(1) K2(3) ‹t ∙ i = b ∙ i› t [OF i] i q by (force simp: subset_box)
define ξ where"\ \ (\j \ Basis. if j = i then max (q \ i) (s \ i) *\<^sub>R i else (x \ j) *\<^sub>R j)" have [simp]: "\ \ j = (if j = i then max (q \ j) (s \ j) else x \ j)"if"j \ Basis"for j unfolding ξ_def by (intro sum_if_inner that ‹i ∈ Basis›) show ?thesis proof (intro exI conjI) show"\ \ box u v" using‹i ∈ Basis› s by (force simp: mem_box ux v xv) show"\ \ box w z" using‹i ∈ Basis› q by (force simp: mem_box wx xz z) qed qed qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis by auto qed
define interv_diff where"interv_diff \ \K. \i::'a. interval_upperbound K \ i - interval_lowerbound K \ i" have"?lhs = (\K\\. (b \ i - a \ i) * content K / (interv_diff K i))" by (simp add: sum_distrib_left interv_diff_def) alsohave"\ = sum (content \ extend) \" proof (rule sum.cong [OF refl]) fix K assume"K \ \" thenobtain u v where K: "K = cbox u v""cbox u v \ {}""K \ cbox a b" using cbox_division_memE [OF _ div] div_subset_cbox by metis thenhave uv: "u \ i < v \ i" using mt [OF ‹K ∈D›] ‹i ∈ Basis› content_eq_0 by fastforce have"insert i (Basis \ -{i}) = Basis" using‹i ∈ Basis›by auto thenhave"(b \ i - a \ i) * content K / (interv_diff K i)
= (b ∙ i - a ∙ i) * (∏i ∈ insert i (Basis ∩ -{i}). v ∙ i - u ∙ i) / (interv_diff (cbox u v) i)" using K box_ne_empty(1) content_cbox by fastforce alsohave"... = (\x\Basis. if x = i then b \ x - a \ x
else (interval_upperbound (cbox u v) - interval_lowerbound (cbox u v)) ∙ x)" using‹i ∈ Basis› K uv by (simp add: prod.If_cases interv_diff_def) (simp add: algebra_simps) alsohave"... = (\k\Basis.
(∑j∈Basis. if j = i then (b ∙ i - a ∙ i) *🚫R i
else ((interval_upperbound (cbox u v) - interval_lowerbound (cbox u v)) ∙ j) *🚫R j) ∙ k)" using‹i ∈ Basis›by (subst prod.cong [OF refl sum_if_inner]; simp) alsohave"... = (\k\Basis.
(∑j∈Basis. if j = i then (b ∙ i) *🚫R i else (interval_upperbound (cbox u v) ∙ j) *🚫R j) ∙ k -
(∑j∈Basis. if j = i then (a ∙ i) *🚫R i else (interval_lowerbound (cbox u v) ∙ j) *🚫R j) ∙ k)" using‹i ∈ Basis› by (intro prod.cong [OF refl]) (subst sum_if_inner; simp add: algebra_simps)+ alsohave"... = (content \ extend) K" using‹i ∈ Basis› K box_ne_empty ‹K ∈D› extend(1) by (auto simp add: extend_def content_cbox_if) finallyshow"(b \ i - a \ i) * content K / (interv_diff K i) = (content \ extend) K" . qed alsohave"... = sum content (extend ` \)" proof - have"\K1 \ \; K2 \ \; K1 \ K2; extend K1 = extend K2\ \ content (extend K1) = 0"for K1 K2 using int_extend_disjoint [of K1 K2] extend_def by (simp add: content_eq_0_interior) thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: comm_monoid_add_class.sum.reindex_nontrivial [OF ‹finite D›]) qed alsohave"... \ ?rhs" proof (rule subadditive_content_division) show"extend ` \ division_of \ (extend ` \)" using int_extend_disjoint by (auto simp: division_of_def ‹finite D› extend extend_cbox) show"\ (extend ` \) \ cbox a b" using extend by fastforce qed finallyshow ?thesis . qed
proposition sum_content_area_over_thin_division: assumes div: "\ division_of S"and S: "S \ cbox a b"and i: "i \ Basis" and"a \ i \ c""c \ b \ i" and nonmt: "\K. K \ \ \ K \ {x. x \ i = c} \ {}" shows"(b \ i - a \ i) * (\K\\. content K / (interval_upperbound K \ i - interval_lowerbound K \ i)) ≤ 2 * content(cbox a b)" proof (cases "content(cbox a b) = 0") case True have"(\K\\. content K / (interval_upperbound K \ i - interval_lowerbound K \ i)) = 0" using S div by (force intro!: sum.neutral content_0_subset [OF True]) thenshow ?thesis by (auto simp: True) next case False thenhave"content(cbox a b) > 0" using zero_less_measure_iff by blast thenhave"a \ i < b \ i"if"i \ Basis"for i using content_pos_lt_eq that by blast have"finite \" using div by blast
define Dlec where"Dlec \ {L \ (\L. L \ {x. x \ i \ c}) ` \. content L \ 0}"
define Dgec where"Dgec \ {L \ (\L. L \ {x. x \ i \ c}) ` \. content L \ 0}"
define a' where "a'≡ (∑j∈Basis. (if j = i then c else a ∙ j) *🚫R j)"
define b' where "b'≡ (∑j∈Basis. (if j = i then c else b ∙ j) *🚫R j)"
define interv_diff where"interv_diff \ \K. \i::'a. interval_upperbound K \ i - interval_lowerbound K \ i" have Dlec_cbox: "\K. K \ Dlec \ \a b. K = cbox a b" using interval_split [OF i] div by (fastforce simp: Dlec_def division_of_def) thenhave lec_is_cbox: "\content (L \ {x. x \ i \ c}) \ 0; L \ \\ \ \a b. L \ {x. x \ i \ c} = cbox a b"for L using Dlec_def by blast have Dgec_cbox: "\K. K \ Dgec \ \a b. K = cbox a b" using interval_split [OF i] div by (fastforce simp: Dgec_def division_of_def) thenhave gec_is_cbox: "\content (L \ {x. x \ i \ c}) \ 0; L \ \\ \ \a b. L \ {x. x \ i \ c} = cbox a b"for L using Dgec_def by blast
have zero_left: "\x y. \x \ \; y \ \; x \ y; x \ {x. x \ i \ c} = y \ {x. x \ i \c}\ ==> content (y ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≤ c}) = 0" by (metis division_split_left_inj [OF div] lec_is_cbox content_eq_0_interior) have zero_right: "\x y. \x \ \; y \ \; x \ y; x \ {x. c \ x \ i} = y \ {x. c \ x \ i}\ ==> content (y ∩ {x. c ≤ x ∙ i}) = 0" by (metis division_split_right_inj [OF div] gec_is_cbox content_eq_0_interior)
have"(b' \ i - a \ i) * (\K\Dlec. content K / interv_diff K i) \ content(cbox a b')" unfolding interv_diff_def proof (rule content_division_lemma1) show"Dlec division_of \Dlec" unfolding division_of_def proof (intro conjI ballI Dlec_cbox) show"\K1 K2. \K1 \ Dlec; K2 \ Dlec\ \ K1 \ K2 \ interior K1 \ interior K2 = {}" by (clarsimp simp: Dlec_def) (use div in auto) qed (use‹finite D› Dlec_def in auto) show"\Dlec \ cbox a b'" using Dlec_def div S by (auto simp: b'_def division_of_def mem_box) show"(\K\Dlec. K \ {x. x \ i = a \ i} \ {}) \ (\K\Dlec. K \ {x. x \ i = b' \ i} \ {})" using nonmt by (fastforce simp: Dlec_def b'_def i) qed (use i Dlec_def in auto) moreover have"(\K\Dlec. content K / (interv_diff K i)) = (\K\(\K. K \ {x. x \ i \ c}) ` \. content K / interv_diff K i)" unfolding Dlec_def using‹finite D›by (auto simp: sum.mono_neutral_left) moreoverhave"... =
(∑K∈D. ((λK. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ∘ ((λK. K ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≤ c}))) K)" by (simp add: zero_left sum.reindex_nontrivial [OF ‹finite D›]) moreoverhave"(b' \ i - a \ i) = (c - a \ i)" by (simp add: b'_def i) ultimately have lec: "(c - a \ i) * (\K\\. ((\K. content K / (interv_diff K i)) \ ((\K. K \ {x. x \ i \ c}))) K) ≤ content(cbox a b')" by simp
have"(b \ i - a' \ i) * (\K\Dgec. content K / (interv_diff K i)) \ content(cbox a' b)" unfolding interv_diff_def proof (rule content_division_lemma1) show"Dgec division_of \Dgec" unfolding division_of_def proof (intro conjI ballI Dgec_cbox) show"\K1 K2. \K1 \ Dgec; K2 \ Dgec\ \ K1 \ K2 \ interior K1 \ interior K2 = {}" by (clarsimp simp: Dgec_def) (use div in auto) qed (use‹finite D› Dgec_def in auto) show"\Dgec \ cbox a' b" using Dgec_def div S by (auto simp: a'_def division_of_def mem_box) show"(\K\Dgec. K \ {x. x \ i = a' \ i} \ {}) \ (\K\Dgec. K \ {x. x \ i = b \ i} \ {})" using nonmt by (fastforce simp: Dgec_def a'_def i) qed (use i Dgec_def in auto) moreover have"(\K\Dgec. content K / (interv_diff K i)) = (\K\(\K. K \ {x. c \ x \ i}) ` \.
content K / interv_diff K i)" unfolding Dgec_def using‹finite D›by (auto simp: sum.mono_neutral_left) moreoverhave"\ =
(∑K∈D. ((λK. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ∘ ((λK. K ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≥ c}))) K)" by (simp add: zero_right sum.reindex_nontrivial [OF ‹finite D›]) moreoverhave"(b \ i - a' \ i) = (b \ i - c)" by (simp add: a'_def i) ultimately have gec: "(b \ i - c) * (\K\\. ((\K. content K / (interv_diff K i)) \ ((\K. K \ {x. x \ i \ c}))) K) ≤ content(cbox a' b)" by simp
show ?thesis proof (cases "c = a \ i \ c = b \ i") case True thenshow ?thesis proof assume c: "c = a \ i" moreover have"(\j\Basis. (if j = i then a \ i else a \ j) *\<^sub>R j) = a" using euclidean_representation [of a] sum.cong [OF refl, of Basis "\i. (a \ i) *\<^sub>R i"] by presburger ultimatelyhave"a' = a" by (simp add: i a'_def cong: if_cong) thenhave"content (cbox a' b) \ 2 * content (cbox a b)"by simp moreover have eq: "(\K\\. content (K \ {x. a \ i \ x \ i}) / interv_diff (K \ {x. a \ i \ x \ i}) i)
= (∑K∈D. content K / interv_diff K i)"
(is"sum ?f _ = sum ?g _") proof (rule sum.cong [OF refl]) fix K assume"K \ \" thenhave"a \ i \ x \ i"if"x \ K"for x by (metis S UnionI div division_ofD(6) i mem_box(2) subsetCE that) thenhave"K \ {x. a \ i \ x \ i} = K" by blast thenshow"?f K = ?g K" by simp qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis using gec c eq interv_diff_def by auto next assume c: "c = b \ i" moreoverhave"(\j\Basis. (if j = i then b \ i else b \ j) *\<^sub>R j) = b" using euclidean_representation [of b] sum.cong [OF refl, of Basis "\i. (b \ i) *\<^sub>R i"] by presburger ultimatelyhave"b' = b" by (simp add: i b'_def cong: if_cong) thenhave"content (cbox a b') \ 2 * content (cbox a b)"by simp moreover have eq: "(\K\\. content (K \ {x. x \ i \ b \ i}) / interv_diff (K \ {x. x \ i \ b \ i}) i)
= (∑K∈D. content K / interv_diff K i)"
(is"sum ?f _ = sum ?g _") proof (rule sum.cong [OF refl]) fix K assume"K \ \" thenhave"x \ i \ b \ i"if"x \ K"for x by (metis S UnionI div division_ofD(6) i mem_box(2) subsetCE that) thenhave"K \ {x. x \ i \ b \ i} = K" by blast thenshow"?f K = ?g K" by simp qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis using lec c eq interv_diff_def by auto qed next case False have prod_if: "(\k\Basis \ - {i}. f k) = (\k\Basis. f k) / f i"if"f i \ (0::real)"for f proof - have"f i * prod f (Basis \ - {i}) = prod f Basis" using that mk_disjoint_insert [OF i] by (metis Int_insert_left_if0 finite_Basis finite_insert le_iff_inf order_refl prod.insert subset_Compl_singleton) thenshow ?thesis by (metis nonzero_mult_div_cancel_left that) qed have abc: "a \ i < c""c < b \ i" using False assms by auto thenhave"(\K\\. ((\K. content K / (interv_diff K i)) \ ((\K. K \ {x. x \ i \ c}))) K) ≤ content(cbox a b') / (c - a \ i)" "(\K\\. ((\K. content K / (interv_diff K i)) \ ((\K. K \ {x. x \ i \ c}))) K) ≤ content(cbox a' b) / (b \ i - c)" using lec gec by (simp_all add: field_split_simps) moreover have"(\K\\. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ≤ (∑K∈D. ((λK. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ∘ ((λK. K ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≤ c}))) K) +
(∑K∈D. ((λK. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ∘ ((λK. K ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≥ c}))) K)"
(is"?lhs \ ?rhs") proof - have"?lhs \
(∑K∈D. ((λK. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ∘ ((λK. K ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≤ c}))) K +
((λK. content K / (interv_diff K i)) ∘ ((λK. K ∩ {x. x ∙ i ≥ c}))) K)"
(is"sum ?f _ \ sum ?g _") proof (rule sum_mono) fix K assume"K \ \" thenobtain u v where uv: "K = cbox u v" using div by blast obtain u' v'where uv': "cbox u v \ {x. x \ i \ c} = cbox u v'" "cbox u v \ {x. c \ x \ i} = cbox u' v" "\k. k \ Basis \ u' \ k = (if k = i then max (u \ i) c else u \ k)" "\k. k \ Basis \ v' \ k = (if k = i then min (v \ i) c else v \ k)" using i by (auto simp: interval_split) have *: "\content (cbox u v') = 0; content (cbox u' v) = 0\ \ content (cbox u v) = 0" "content (cbox u' v) \ 0 \ content (cbox u v) \ 0" "content (cbox u v') \ 0 \ content (cbox u v) \ 0" using i uv uv' by (auto simp: content_eq_0 le_max_iff_disj min_le_iff_disj split: if_split_asm intro: order_trans) have uniq: "\j. \j \ Basis; \ u \ j \ v \ j\ \ j = i" by (metis ‹K ∈D› box_ne_empty(1) div division_of_def uv) show"?f K \ ?g K" using i uv uv' by (auto simp add: interv_diff_def lemma0 dest: uniq * intro!: prod_nonneg) qed alsohave"... = ?rhs" by (simp add: sum.distrib) finallyshow ?thesis . qed moreoverhave"content (cbox a b') / (c - a \ i) = content (cbox a b) / (b \ i - a \ i)" using i abc apply (simp add: field_simps a'_def b'_def measure_lborel_cbox_eq inner_diff) apply (auto simp: if_distrib if_distrib [of "\f. f x"for x] prod.If_cases [of Basis "\x. x = i", simplified] prod_if field_simps) done moreoverhave"content (cbox a' b) / (b \ i - c) = content (cbox a b) / (b \ i - a \ i)" using i abc apply (simp add: field_simps a'_def b'_def measure_lborel_cbox_eq inner_diff) apply (auto simp: if_distrib prod.If_cases [of Basis "\x. x = i", simplified] prod_if field_simps) done ultimately have"(\K\\. content K / (interv_diff K i)) \ 2 * content (cbox a b) / (b \ i - a \ i)" by linarith thenshow ?thesis using abc interv_diff_def by (simp add: field_split_simps) qed qed
proposition bounded_equiintegral_over_thin_tagged_partial_division: fixes f :: "'a::euclidean_space \ 'b::euclidean_space" assumes F: "F equiintegrable_on cbox a b"and f: "f \ F"and"0 < \" and norm_f: "\h x. \h \ F; x \ cbox a b\ \ norm(h x) \ norm(f x)" obtains γ where"gauge \" "\c i S h. \c \ cbox a b; i \ Basis; S tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b;
γ fine S; h ∈ F; ∧x K. (x,K) ∈ S ==> (K ∩ {x. x ∙ i = c ∙ i} ≠ {})] ==> (∑(x,K) ∈ S. norm (integral K h)) < ε" proof (cases "content(cbox a b) = 0") case True show ?thesis proof show"gauge (\x. ball x 1)" by (simp add: gauge_trivial) show"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h)) < \" if"S tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b""(\x. ball x 1) fine S"for S and h:: "'a \'b" proof - have"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h)) = 0" using that True content_0_subset by (fastforce simp: tagged_partial_division_of_def intro: sum.neutral) with‹0 < ε›show ?thesis by simp qed qed next case False thenhave contab_gt0: "content(cbox a b) > 0" by (simp add: zero_less_measure_iff) thenhave a_less_b: "\i. i \ Basis \ a\i < b\i" by (auto simp: content_pos_lt_eq) obtain γ0 where"gauge \0" and γ0: "\S h. \S tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b; \0 fine S; h \ F\ ==> (∑(x,K) ∈ S. norm (content K *🚫R h x - integral K h)) < ε/2" proof - obtain γ where"gauge \" and γ: "\f \. \f \ F; \ tagged_division_of cbox a b; \ fine \\ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈D. content K *🚫R f x) - integral (cbox a b) f)
< ε/(5 * (Suc DIM('b)))" proof - have e5: "\/(5 * (Suc DIM('b))) > 0" using‹ε > 0›by auto thenshow ?thesis using F that by (auto simp: equiintegrable_on_def) qed show ?thesis proof show"gauge \" by (rule ‹gauge γ›) show"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h)) < \/2" if"S tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b""\ fine S""h \ F"for S h proof - have"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h)) \ 2 * real DIM('b) * (\/(5 * Suc DIM('b)))" proof (rule Henstock_lemma_part2 [of h a b]) show"h integrable_on cbox a b" using that F equiintegrable_on_def by metis show"gauge \" by (rule ‹gauge γ›) qed (use that ‹ε > 0› γ in auto) alsohave"... < \/2" using‹ε > 0›by (simp add: divide_simps) finallyshow ?thesis . qed qed qed
define γ where"\ \ \x. \0 x \
ball x ((ε/8 / (norm(f x) + 1)) * (INF m∈Basis. b ∙ m - a ∙ m) / content(cbox a b))"
define interv_diff where"interv_diff \ \K. \i::'a. interval_upperbound K \ i - interval_lowerbound K \ i" have"8 * content (cbox a b) + norm (f x) * (8 * content (cbox a b)) > 0"for x by (metis add.right_neutral add_pos_pos contab_gt0 mult_pos_pos mult_zero_left norm_eq_zero zero_less_norm_iff zero_less_numeral) thenhave"gauge (\x. ball x
(ε * (INF m∈Basis. b ∙ m - a ∙ m) / ((8 * norm (f x) + 8) * content (cbox a b))))" using‹0 < content (cbox a b)›‹0 < ε› a_less_b by (auto simp add: gauge_def field_split_simps add_nonneg_eq_0_iff finite_less_Inf_iff) thenhave"gauge \" unfolding γ_defusing‹gauge γ0› gauge_Int by auto moreover have"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h)) < \" if"c \ cbox a b""i \ Basis"and S: "S tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b" and"\ fine S""h \ F"and ne: "\x K. (x,K) \ S \ K \ {x. x \ i = c \ i} \ {}"for c i S h proof - have"cbox c b \ cbox a b" by (meson mem_box(2) order_refl subset_box(1) that(1)) have"finite S" using S unfolding tagged_partial_division_of_def by blast have"\0 fine S"and fineS: "(\x. ball x (\ * (INF m\Basis. b \ m - a \ m) / ((8 * norm (f x) + 8) * content (cbox a b)))) fine S" using‹γ fine S›by (auto simp: γ_def fine_Int) thenhave"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h)) < \/2" by (intro γ0 that fineS) moreoverhave"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h) - norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h)) \ \/2" proof - have"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h) - norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h)) ≤ (∑(x,K) ∈ S. norm (content K *🚫R h x))" proof (clarify intro!: sum_mono) fix x K assume xK: "(x,K) \ S" have"norm (integral K h) - norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h) \ norm (integral K h - (integral K h - content K *\<^sub>R h x))" by (metis norm_minus_commute norm_triangle_ineq2) alsohave"... \ norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x)" by simp finallyshow"norm (integral K h) - norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h) \ norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x)" . qed alsohave"... \ (\(x,K) \ S. \/4 * (b \ i - a \ i) / content (cbox a b) * content K / interv_diff K i)" proof (clarify intro!: sum_mono) fix x K assume xK: "(x,K) \ S" thenhave x: "x \ cbox a b" using S unfolding tagged_partial_division_of_def by (meson subset_iff) show"norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x) \ \/4 * (b \ i - a \ i) / content (cbox a b) * content K / interv_diff K i" proof (cases "content K = 0") case True thenshow ?thesis by simp next case False thenhave Kgt0: "content K > 0" using zero_less_measure_iff by blast moreover obtain u v where uv: "K = cbox u v" using S ‹(x,K) ∈ S›unfolding tagged_partial_division_of_def by blast thenhave u_less_v: "\i. i \ Basis \ u \ i < v \ i" using content_pos_lt_eq uv Kgt0 by blast thenhave dist_uv: "dist u v > 0" using that by auto ultimatelyhave"norm (h x) \ (\ * (b \ i - a \ i)) / (4 * content (cbox a b) * interv_diff K i)" proof - have"dist x u < \ * (INF m\Basis. b \ m - a \ m) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b)) / 2" "dist x v < \ * (INF m\Basis. b \ m - a \ m) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b)) / 2" using fineS u_less_v uv xK by (force simp: fine_def mem_box field_simps dest!: bspec)+ moreoverhave"\ * (INF m\Basis. b \ m - a \ m) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b)) / 2 ≤ ε * (b ∙ i - a ∙ i) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b)) / 2" proof (intro mult_left_mono divide_right_mono) show"(INF m\Basis. b \ m - a \ m) \ b \ i - a \ i" using‹i ∈ Basis›by (auto intro!: cInf_le_finite) qed (use‹0 < ε›in auto) ultimately have"dist x u < \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b)) / 2" "dist x v < \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b)) / 2" by linarith+ thenhave duv: "dist u v < \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / (4 * (norm (f x) + 1) * content (cbox a b))" using dist_triangle_half_r by blast have uvi: "\v \ i - u \ i\ \ norm (v - u)" by (metis inner_commute inner_diff_right ‹i ∈ Basis› Basis_le_norm) have"norm (h x) \ norm (f x)" using x that by (auto simp: norm_f) alsohave"... < (norm (f x) + 1)" by simp alsohave"... < \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / dist u v / (4 * content (cbox a b))" proof - have"0 < norm (f x) + 1" by (simp add: add.commute add_pos_nonneg) thenshow ?thesis using duv dist_uv contab_gt0 by (simp only: mult_ac divide_simps) auto qed alsohave"... = \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / norm (v - u) / (4 * content (cbox a b))" by (simp add: dist_norm norm_minus_commute) alsohave"... \ \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / \v \ i - u \ i\ / (4 * content (cbox a b))" proof (intro mult_right_mono divide_left_mono divide_right_mono uvi) show"norm (v - u) * \v \ i - u \ i\ > 0" using u_less_v [OF ‹i ∈ Basis›] by (auto simp: less_eq_real_def zero_less_mult_iff that) show"\ * (b \ i - a \ i) \ 0" using a_less_b ‹0 < ε›‹i ∈ Basis›by force qed auto alsohave"... = \ * (b \ i - a \ i) / (4 * content (cbox a b) * interv_diff K i)" using uv False that(2) u_less_v interv_diff_def by fastforce finallyshow ?thesis by simp qed with Kgt0 have"norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x) \ content K * ((\/4 * (b \ i - a \ i) / content (cbox a b)) / interv_diff K i)" using mult_left_mono by fastforce alsohave"... = \/4 * (b \ i - a \ i) / content (cbox a b) * content K / interv_diff K i" by (simp add: field_split_simps) finallyshow ?thesis . qed qed alsohave"... = (\K\snd ` S. \/4 * (b \ i - a \ i) / content (cbox a b) * content K / interv_diff K i)" unfolding interv_diff_def apply (rule sum.over_tagged_division_lemma [OF tagged_partial_division_of_Union_self [OF S]]) apply (simp add: box_eq_empty(1) content_eq_0) done alsohave"... = \/2 * ((b \ i - a \ i) / (2 * content (cbox a b)) * (\K\snd ` S. content K / interv_diff K i))" by (simp add: interv_diff_def sum_distrib_left mult.assoc) alsohave"... \ (\/2) * 1" proof (rule mult_left_mono) have"(b \ i - a \ i) * (\K\snd ` S. content K / interv_diff K i) \ 2 * content (cbox a b)" unfolding interv_diff_def proof (rule sum_content_area_over_thin_division) show"snd ` S division_of \(snd ` S)" by (auto intro: S tagged_partial_division_of_Union_self division_of_tagged_division) show"\(snd ` S) \ cbox a b" using S unfolding tagged_partial_division_of_def by force show"a \ i \ c \ i""c \ i \ b \ i" using mem_box(2) that by blast+ qed (use that in auto) thenshow"(b \ i - a \ i) / (2 * content (cbox a b)) * (\K\snd ` S. content K / interv_diff K i) \ 1" by (simp add: contab_gt0) qed (use‹0 < ε›in auto) finallyshow ?thesis by simp qed thenhave"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h)) - (\(x,K) \ S. norm (content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h)) \ \/2" by (simp add: Groups_Big.sum_subtractf [symmetric]) ultimatelyshow"(\(x,K) \ S. norm (integral K h)) < \" by linarith qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis using that by auto qed
proposition equiintegrable_halfspace_restrictions_le: fixes f :: "'a::euclidean_space \ 'b::euclidean_space" assumes F: "F equiintegrable_on cbox a b"and f: "f \ F" and norm_f: "\h x. \h \ F; x \ cbox a b\ \ norm(h x) \ norm(f x)" shows"(\i \ Basis. \c. \h \ F. {(\x. if x \ i \ c then h x else 0)})
equiintegrable_on cbox a b" proof (cases "content(cbox a b) = 0") case True thenshow ?thesis by simp next case False thenhave"content(cbox a b) > 0" using zero_less_measure_iff by blast thenhave"a \ i < b \ i"if"i \ Basis"for i using content_pos_lt_eq that by blast have int_F: "f integrable_on cbox a b"if"f \ F"for f using F that by (simp add: equiintegrable_on_def) let ?CI = "\K h x. content K *\<^sub>R h x - integral K h" show ?thesis unfolding equiintegrable_on_def proof (intro conjI; clarify) show int_lec: "\i \ Basis; h \ F\ \ (\x. if x \ i \ c then h x else 0) integrable_on cbox a b"for i c h using integrable_restrict_Int [of "{x. x \ i \ c}" h] by (simp add: inf_commute int_F integrable_split(1)) show"\\. gauge \ \
(∀f T. f ∈ (∪i∈Basis. ∪c. ∪h∈F. {λx. if x ∙ i ≤ c then h x else 0}) ∧
T tagged_division_of cbox a b ∧ γ fine T ⟶
norm ((∑(x,K) ∈ T. content K *🚫R f x) - integral (cbox a b) f) < ε)" if"\ > 0"for ε proof - obtain γ0 where"gauge \0"and γ0: "\c i S h. \c \ cbox a b; i \ Basis; S tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b;
γ0 fine S; h ∈ F; ∧x K. (x,K) ∈ S ==> (K ∩ {x. x ∙ i = c ∙ i} ≠ {})] ==> (∑(x,K) ∈ S. norm (integral K h)) < ε/12" proof (rule bounded_equiintegral_over_thin_tagged_partial_division [OF F f, of ‹ε/12›]) show"\h x. \h \ F; x \ cbox a b\ \ norm (h x) \ norm (f x)" by (auto simp: norm_f) qed (use‹ε > 0›in auto) obtain γ1 where"gauge \1" and γ1: "\h T. \h \ F; T tagged_division_of cbox a b; \1 fine T\ ==> norm ((∑(x,K) ∈ T. content K *🚫R h x) - integral (cbox a b) h)
< ε/(7 * (Suc DIM('b)))" proof - have e5: "\/(7 * (Suc DIM('b))) > 0" using‹ε > 0›by auto thenshow ?thesis using F that by (auto simp: equiintegrable_on_def) qed have h_less3: "(\(x,K) \ T. norm (?CI K h x)) < \/3" if"T tagged_partial_division_of cbox a b""\1 fine T""h \ F"for T h proof -
--> --------------------
Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden
nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit,
noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.
Bemerkung:
Die farbliche Syntaxdarstellung und die Messung sind noch experimentell.