Quelle transam.h
Sprache: C
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* transam . h
* postgres transaction access method support code
*
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* src / include / access / transam . h
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#ifndef TRANSAM_H
#define TRANSAM_H
#include "access/xlogdefs.h"
/* ----------------
* Special transaction ID values
*
* BootstrapTransactionId is the XID for " bootstrap " operations , and
* FrozenTransactionId is used for very old tuples . Both should
* always be considered valid .
*
* FirstNormalTransactionId is the first " normal " transaction id .
* Note : if you need to change it , you must change pg_class . h as well .
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#define InvalidTransactionId ((TransactionId) 0 )
#define BootstrapTransactionId ((TransactionId) 1 )
#define FrozenTransactionId ((TransactionId) 2 )
#define FirstNormalTransactionId ((TransactionId) 3 )
#define MaxTransactionId ((TransactionId) 0 xFFFFFFFF)
/* ----------------
* transaction ID manipulation macros
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#define TransactionIdIsValid(xid) ((xid) != InvalidTransactionId)
#define TransactionIdIsNormal(xid) ((xid) >= FirstNormalTransactionId)
#define TransactionIdEquals(id1, id2) ((id1) == (id2))
#define TransactionIdStore(xid, dest) (*(dest) = (xid))
#define StoreInvalidTransactionId(dest) (*(dest) = InvalidTransactionId)
#define EpochFromFullTransactionId(x) ((uint32) ((x).value >> 32 ))
#define XidFromFullTransactionId(x) ((uint32) (x).value)
#define U64FromFullTransactionId(x) ((x).value)
#define FullTransactionIdEquals(a, b) ((a).value == (b).value)
#define FullTransactionIdPrecedes(a, b) ((a).value < (b).value)
#define FullTransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(a, b) ((a).value <= (b).value)
#define FullTransactionIdFollows(a, b) ((a).value > (b).value)
#define FullTransactionIdFollowsOrEquals(a, b) ((a).value >= (b).value)
#define FullTransactionIdIsValid(x) TransactionIdIsValid(XidFromFullTransactionId(x))
#define InvalidFullTransactionId FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(0 , InvalidTransactionId)
#define FirstNormalFullTransactionId FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(0 , FirstNormalTransactionId)
#define FullTransactionIdIsNormal(x) FullTransactionIdFollowsOrEquals(x, FirstNormalFullTransactionId)
/*
* A 64 bit value that contains an epoch and a TransactionId . This is
* wrapped in a struct to prevent implicit conversion to / from TransactionId .
* Not all values represent valid normal XIDs .
*/
typedef struct FullTransactionId
{
uint64 value;
} FullTransactionId;
static inline FullTransactionId
FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(uint32 epoch, TransactionId xid)
{
FullTransactionId result;
result.value = ((uint64) epoch) << 32 | xid;
return result;
}
static inline FullTransactionId
FullTransactionIdFromU64(uint64 value)
{
FullTransactionId result;
result.value = value;
return result;
}
/* advance a transaction ID variable, handling wraparound correctly */
#define TransactionIdAdvance(dest) \
do { \
(dest)++; \
if ((dest) < FirstNormalTransactionId) \
(dest) = FirstNormalTransactionId; \
} while (0 )
/*
* Retreat a FullTransactionId variable , stepping over xids that would appear
* to be special only when viewed as 32 bit XIDs .
*/
static inline void
FullTransactionIdRetreat(FullTransactionId *dest)
{
dest->value--;
/*
* In contrast to 32 bit XIDs don ' t step over the " actual " special xids .
* For 64 bit xids these can ' t be reached as part of a wraparound as they
* can in the 32 bit case .
*/
if (FullTransactionIdPrecedes(*dest, FirstNormalFullTransactionId))
return ;
/*
* But we do need to step over XIDs that ' d appear special only for 32 bit
* XIDs .
*/
while (XidFromFullTransactionId(*dest) < FirstNormalTransactionId)
dest->value--;
}
/*
* Advance a FullTransactionId variable , stepping over xids that would appear
* to be special only when viewed as 32 bit XIDs .
*/
static inline void
FullTransactionIdAdvance(FullTransactionId *dest)
{
dest->value++;
/* see FullTransactionIdAdvance() */
if (FullTransactionIdPrecedes(*dest, FirstNormalFullTransactionId))
return ;
while (XidFromFullTransactionId(*dest) < FirstNormalTransactionId)
dest->value++;
}
/* back up a transaction ID variable, handling wraparound correctly */
#define TransactionIdRetreat(dest) \
do { \
(dest)--; \
} while ((dest) < FirstNormalTransactionId)
/* compare two XIDs already known to be normal; this is a macro for speed */
#define NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(id1, id2) \
(AssertMacro(TransactionIdIsNormal(id1) && TransactionIdIsNormal(id2)), \
(int32) ((id1) - (id2)) < 0 )
/* compare two XIDs already known to be normal; this is a macro for speed */
#define NormalTransactionIdFollows(id1, id2) \
(AssertMacro(TransactionIdIsNormal(id1) && TransactionIdIsNormal(id2)), \
(int32) ((id1) - (id2)) > 0 )
/* ----------
* Object ID ( OID ) zero is InvalidOid .
*
* OIDs 1 - 9999 are reserved for manual assignment ( see . dat files in
* src / include / catalog / ) . Of these , 8000 - 9999 are reserved for
* development purposes ( such as in - progress patches and forks ) ;
* they should not appear in released versions .
*
* OIDs 10000 - 11999 are reserved for assignment by genbki . pl , for use
* when the . dat files in src / include / catalog / do not specify an OID
* for a catalog entry that requires one . Note that genbki . pl assigns
* these OIDs independently in each catalog , so they ' re not guaranteed
* to be globally unique . Furthermore , the bootstrap backend and
* initdb ' s post - bootstrap processing can also assign OIDs in this range .
* The normal OID - generation logic takes care of any OID conflicts that
* might arise from that .
*
* OIDs 12000 - 16383 are reserved for unpinned objects created by initdb ' s
* post - bootstrap processing . initdb forces the OID generator up to
* 12000 as soon as it ' s made the pinned objects it ' s responsible for .
*
* OIDs beginning at 16384 are assigned from the OID generator
* during normal multiuser operation . ( We force the generator up to
* 16384 as soon as we are in normal operation . )
*
* The choices of 8000 , 10000 and 12000 are completely arbitrary , and can be
* moved if we run low on OIDs in any category . Changing the macros below ,
* and updating relevant documentation ( see bki . sgml and RELEASE_CHANGES ) ,
* should be sufficient to do this . Moving the 16384 boundary between
* initdb - assigned OIDs and user - defined objects would be substantially
* more painful , however , since some user - defined OIDs will appear in
* on - disk data ; such a change would probably break pg_upgrade .
*
* NOTE : if the OID generator wraps around , we skip over OIDs 0 - 16383
* and resume with 16384 . This minimizes the odds of OID conflict , by not
* reassigning OIDs that might have been assigned during initdb . Critically ,
* it also ensures that no user - created object will be considered pinned .
* - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#define FirstGenbkiObjectId 10000
#define FirstUnpinnedObjectId 12000
#define FirstNormalObjectId 16384
/*
* TransamVariables is a data structure in shared memory that is used to track
* OID and XID assignment state . For largely historical reasons , there is
* just one struct with different fields that are protected by different
* LWLocks .
*
* Note : xidWrapLimit and oldestXidDB are not " active " values , but are
* used just to generate useful messages when xidWarnLimit or xidStopLimit
* are exceeded .
*/
typedef struct TransamVariablesData
{
/*
* These fields are protected by OidGenLock .
*/
Oid nextOid; /* next OID to assign */
uint32 oidCount; /* OIDs available before must do XLOG work */
/*
* These fields are protected by XidGenLock .
*/
FullTransactionId nextXid; /* next XID to assign */
TransactionId oldestXid; /* cluster-wide minimum datfrozenxid */
TransactionId xidVacLimit; /* start forcing autovacuums here */
TransactionId xidWarnLimit; /* start complaining here */
TransactionId xidStopLimit; /* refuse to advance nextXid beyond here */
TransactionId xidWrapLimit; /* where the world ends */
Oid oldestXidDB; /* database with minimum datfrozenxid */
/*
* These fields are protected by CommitTsLock
*/
TransactionId oldestCommitTsXid;
TransactionId newestCommitTsXid;
/*
* These fields are protected by ProcArrayLock .
*/
FullTransactionId latestCompletedXid; /* newest full XID that has
* committed or aborted */
/*
* Number of top - level transactions with xids ( i . e . which may have
* modified the database ) that completed in some form since the start of
* the server . This currently is solely used to check whether
* GetSnapshotData ( ) needs to recompute the contents of the snapshot , or
* not . There are likely other users of this . Always above 1 .
*/
uint64 xactCompletionCount;
/*
* These fields are protected by XactTruncationLock
*/
TransactionId oldestClogXid; /* oldest it's safe to look up in clog */
} TransamVariablesData;
/* ----------------
* extern declarations
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
/* in transam/xact.c */
extern bool TransactionStartedDuringRecovery(void );
/* in transam/varsup.c */
extern PGDLLIMPORT TransamVariablesData *TransamVariables;
/*
* prototypes for functions in transam / transam . c
*/
extern bool TransactionIdDidCommit(TransactionId transactionId);
extern bool TransactionIdDidAbort(TransactionId transactionId);
extern void TransactionIdCommitTree(TransactionId xid, int nxids, TransactionId *xids);
extern void TransactionIdAsyncCommitTree(TransactionId xid, int nxids, TransactionId *xids, XLogRecPtr lsn);
extern void TransactionIdAbortTree(TransactionId xid, int nxids, TransactionId *xids);
extern bool TransactionIdPrecedes(TransactionId id1, TransactionId id2);
extern bool TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(TransactionId id1, TransactionId id2);
extern bool TransactionIdFollows(TransactionId id1, TransactionId id2);
extern bool TransactionIdFollowsOrEquals(TransactionId id1, TransactionId id2);
extern TransactionId TransactionIdLatest(TransactionId mainxid,
int nxids, const TransactionId *xids);
extern XLogRecPtr TransactionIdGetCommitLSN(TransactionId xid);
/* in transam/varsup.c */
extern Size VarsupShmemSize(void );
extern void VarsupShmemInit(void );
extern FullTransactionId GetNewTransactionId(bool isSubXact);
extern void AdvanceNextFullTransactionIdPastXid(TransactionId xid);
extern FullTransactionId ReadNextFullTransactionId(void );
extern void SetTransactionIdLimit(TransactionId oldest_datfrozenxid,
Oid oldest_datoid);
extern void AdvanceOldestClogXid(TransactionId oldest_datfrozenxid);
extern bool ForceTransactionIdLimitUpdate(void );
extern Oid GetNewObjectId(void );
extern void StopGeneratingPinnedObjectIds(void );
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
extern void AssertTransactionIdInAllowableRange(TransactionId xid);
#else
#define AssertTransactionIdInAllowableRange(xid) ((void )true )
#endif
/*
* Some frontend programs include this header . For compilers that emit static
* inline functions even when they ' re unused , that leads to unsatisfied
* external references ; hence hide them with # ifndef FRONTEND .
*/
#ifndef FRONTEND
/*
* For callers that just need the XID part of the next transaction ID .
*/
static inline TransactionId
ReadNextTransactionId(void )
{
return XidFromFullTransactionId(ReadNextFullTransactionId());
}
/* return transaction ID backed up by amount, handling wraparound correctly */
static inline TransactionId
TransactionIdRetreatedBy(TransactionId xid, uint32 amount)
{
xid -= amount;
while (xid < FirstNormalTransactionId)
xid--;
return xid;
}
/* return the older of the two IDs */
static inline TransactionId
TransactionIdOlder(TransactionId a, TransactionId b)
{
if (!TransactionIdIsValid(a))
return b;
if (!TransactionIdIsValid(b))
return a;
if (TransactionIdPrecedes(a, b))
return a;
return b;
}
/* return the older of the two IDs, assuming they're both normal */
static inline TransactionId
NormalTransactionIdOlder(TransactionId a, TransactionId b)
{
Assert(TransactionIdIsNormal(a));
Assert(TransactionIdIsNormal(b));
if (NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(a, b))
return a;
return b;
}
/* return the newer of the two IDs */
static inline FullTransactionId
FullTransactionIdNewer(FullTransactionId a, FullTransactionId b)
{
if (!FullTransactionIdIsValid(a))
return b;
if (!FullTransactionIdIsValid(b))
return a;
if (FullTransactionIdFollows(a, b))
return a;
return b;
}
/*
* Compute FullTransactionId for the given TransactionId , assuming xid was
* between [ oldestXid , nextXid ] at the time when TransamVariables - > nextXid was
* nextFullXid . When adding calls , evaluate what prevents xid from preceding
* oldestXid if SetTransactionIdLimit ( ) runs between the collection of xid and
* the collection of nextFullXid .
*/
static inline FullTransactionId
FullTransactionIdFromAllowableAt(FullTransactionId nextFullXid,
TransactionId xid)
{
uint32 epoch;
/* Special transaction ID. */
if (!TransactionIdIsNormal(xid))
return FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(0 , xid);
Assert(TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(xid,
XidFromFullTransactionId(nextFullXid)));
/*
* The 64 bit result must be < = nextFullXid , since nextFullXid hadn ' t been
* issued yet when xid was in the past . The xid must therefore be from
* the epoch of nextFullXid or the epoch before . We know this because we
* must remove ( by freezing ) an XID before assigning the XID half an epoch
* ahead of it .
*
* The unlikely ( ) branch hint is dubious . It ' s perfect for the first 2 ^ 32
* XIDs of a cluster ' s life . Right at 2 ^ 32 XIDs , misprediction shoots to
* 100 % , then improves until perfection returns 2 ^ 31 XIDs later . Since
* current callers pass relatively - recent XIDs , expect > 90 % prediction
* accuracy overall . This favors average latency over tail latency .
*/
epoch = EpochFromFullTransactionId(nextFullXid);
if (unlikely(xid > XidFromFullTransactionId(nextFullXid)))
{
Assert(epoch != 0 );
epoch--;
}
return FullTransactionIdFromEpochAndXid(epoch, xid);
}
#endif /* FRONTEND */
#endif /* TRANSAM_H */
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2026-08-25
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