Quelle d2s.c
Sprache: C
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Ryu floating - point output for double precision .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 2018 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / common / d2s . c
*
* This is a modification of code taken from github . com / ulfjack / ryu under the
* terms of the Boost license ( not the Apache license ) . The original copyright
* notice follows :
*
* Copyright 2018 Ulf Adams
*
* The contents of this file may be used under the terms of the Apache
* License , Version 2 . 0 .
*
* ( See accompanying file LICENSE - Apache or copy at
* http : //www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
*
* Alternatively , the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the
* Boost Software License , Version 1 . 0 .
*
* ( See accompanying file LICENSE - Boost or copy at
* https : //www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing , this software is
* distributed on an " AS IS " BASIS , WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND , either express or implied .
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
/*
* Runtime compiler options :
*
* - DRYU_ONLY_64_BIT_OPS Avoid using uint128 or 64 - bit intrinsics . Slower ,
* depending on your compiler .
*/
#ifndef FRONTEND
#include "postgres.h"
#else
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#endif
#include "common/shortest_dec.h"
/*
* For consistency , we use 128 - bit types if and only if the rest of PG also
* does , even though we could use them here without worrying about the
* alignment concerns that apply elsewhere .
*/
#if !defined (HAVE_INT128) && defined (_MSC_VER) \
&& !defined (RYU_ONLY_64_BIT_OPS) && defined (_M_X64)
#define HAS_64_BIT_INTRINSICS
#endif
#include "ryu_common.h"
#include "digit_table.h"
#include "d2s_full_table.h"
#include "d2s_intrinsics.h"
#define DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS 52
#define DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS 11
#define DOUBLE_BIAS 1023
#define DOUBLE_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT 122
#define DOUBLE_POW5_BITCOUNT 121
static inline uint32
pow5Factor(uint64 value)
{
uint32 count = 0 ;
for (;;)
{
Assert(value != 0 );
const uint64 q = div5(value);
const uint32 r = (uint32) (value - 5 * q);
if (r != 0 )
break ;
value = q;
++count;
}
return count;
}
/* Returns true if value is divisible by 5^p. */
static inline bool
multipleOfPowerOf5(const uint64 value, const uint32 p)
{
/*
* I tried a case distinction on p , but there was no performance
* difference .
*/
return pow5Factor(value) >= p;
}
/* Returns true if value is divisible by 2^p. */
static inline bool
multipleOfPowerOf2(const uint64 value, const uint32 p)
{
/* return __builtin_ctzll(value) >= p; */
return (value & ((UINT64CONST(1 ) << p) - 1 )) == 0 ;
}
/*
* We need a 64 x128 - bit multiplication and a subsequent 128 - bit shift .
*
* Multiplication :
*
* The 64 - bit factor is variable and passed in , the 128 - bit factor comes
* from a lookup table . We know that the 64 - bit factor only has 55
* significant bits ( i . e . , the 9 topmost bits are zeros ) . The 128 - bit
* factor only has 124 significant bits ( i . e . , the 4 topmost bits are
* zeros ) .
*
* Shift :
*
* In principle , the multiplication result requires 55 + 124 = 179 bits to
* represent . However , we then shift this value to the right by j , which is
* at least j > = 115 , so the result is guaranteed to fit into 179 - 115 =
* 64 bits . This means that we only need the topmost 64 significant bits of
* the 64 x128 - bit multiplication .
*
* There are several ways to do this :
*
* 1 . Best case : the compiler exposes a 128 - bit type .
* We perform two 64 x64 - bit multiplications , add the higher 64 bits of the
* lower result to the higher result , and shift by j - 64 bits .
*
* We explicitly cast from 64 - bit to 128 - bit , so the compiler can tell
* that these are only 64 - bit inputs , and can map these to the best
* possible sequence of assembly instructions . x86 - 64 machines happen to
* have matching assembly instructions for 64 x64 - bit multiplications and
* 128 - bit shifts .
*
* 2 . Second best case : the compiler exposes intrinsics for the x86 - 64
* assembly instructions mentioned in 1 .
*
* 3 . We only have 64 x64 bit instructions that return the lower 64 bits of
* the result , i . e . , we have to use plain C .
*
* Our inputs are less than the full width , so we have three options :
* a . Ignore this fact and just implement the intrinsics manually .
* b . Split both into 31 - bit pieces , which guarantees no internal
* overflow , but requires extra work upfront ( unless we change the
* lookup table ) .
* c . Split only the first factor into 31 - bit pieces , which also
* guarantees no internal overflow , but requires extra work since the
* intermediate results are not perfectly aligned .
*/
#if defined (HAVE_INT128)
/* Best case: use 128-bit type. */
static inline uint64
mulShift(const uint64 m, const uint64 *const mul, const int32 j)
{
const uint128 b0 = ((uint128) m) * mul[0 ];
const uint128 b2 = ((uint128) m) * mul[1 ];
return (uint64) (((b0 >> 64 ) + b2) >> (j - 64 ));
}
static inline uint64
mulShiftAll(const uint64 m, const uint64 *const mul, const int32 j,
uint64 *const vp, uint64 *const vm, const uint32 mmShift)
{
*vp = mulShift(4 * m + 2 , mul, j);
*vm = mulShift(4 * m - 1 - mmShift, mul, j);
return mulShift(4 * m, mul, j);
}
#elif defined (HAS_64_BIT_INTRINSICS)
static inline uint64
mulShift(const uint64 m, const uint64 *const mul, const int32 j)
{
/* m is maximum 55 bits */
uint64 high1;
/* 128 */
const uint64 low1 = umul128(m, mul[1 ], &high1);
/* 64 */
uint64 high0;
uint64 sum;
/* 64 */
umul128(m, mul[0 ], &high0);
/* 0 */
sum = high0 + low1;
if (sum < high0)
{
++high1;
/* overflow into high1 */
}
return shiftright128(sum, high1, j - 64 );
}
static inline uint64
mulShiftAll(const uint64 m, const uint64 *const mul, const int32 j,
uint64 *const vp, uint64 *const vm, const uint32 mmShift)
{
*vp = mulShift(4 * m + 2 , mul, j);
*vm = mulShift(4 * m - 1 - mmShift, mul, j);
return mulShift(4 * m, mul, j);
}
#else /* // !defined(HAVE_INT128) &&
* !defined(HAS_64_BIT_INTRINSICS) */
static inline uint64
mulShiftAll(uint64 m, const uint64 *const mul, const int32 j,
uint64 *const vp, uint64 *const vm, const uint32 mmShift)
{
m <<= 1 ; /* m is maximum 55 bits */
uint64 tmp;
const uint64 lo = umul128(m, mul[0 ], &tmp);
uint64 hi;
const uint64 mid = tmp + umul128(m, mul[1 ], &hi);
hi += mid < tmp; /* overflow into hi */
const uint64 lo2 = lo + mul[0 ];
const uint64 mid2 = mid + mul[1 ] + (lo2 < lo);
const uint64 hi2 = hi + (mid2 < mid);
*vp = shiftright128(mid2, hi2, j - 64 - 1 );
if (mmShift == 1 )
{
const uint64 lo3 = lo - mul[0 ];
const uint64 mid3 = mid - mul[1 ] - (lo3 > lo);
const uint64 hi3 = hi - (mid3 > mid);
*vm = shiftright128(mid3, hi3, j - 64 - 1 );
}
else
{
const uint64 lo3 = lo + lo;
const uint64 mid3 = mid + mid + (lo3 < lo);
const uint64 hi3 = hi + hi + (mid3 < mid);
const uint64 lo4 = lo3 - mul[0 ];
const uint64 mid4 = mid3 - mul[1 ] - (lo4 > lo3);
const uint64 hi4 = hi3 - (mid4 > mid3);
*vm = shiftright128(mid4, hi4, j - 64 );
}
return shiftright128(mid, hi, j - 64 - 1 );
}
#endif /* // HAS_64_BIT_INTRINSICS */
static inline uint32
decimalLength(const uint64 v)
{
/* This is slightly faster than a loop. */
/* The average output length is 16.38 digits, so we check high-to-low. */
/* Function precondition: v is not an 18, 19, or 20-digit number. */
/* (17 digits are sufficient for round-tripping.) */
Assert(v < 100000000000000000 L);
if (v >= 10000000000000000 L)
{
return 17 ;
}
if (v >= 1000000000000000 L)
{
return 16 ;
}
if (v >= 100000000000000 L)
{
return 15 ;
}
if (v >= 10000000000000 L)
{
return 14 ;
}
if (v >= 1000000000000 L)
{
return 13 ;
}
if (v >= 100000000000 L)
{
return 12 ;
}
if (v >= 10000000000 L)
{
return 11 ;
}
if (v >= 1000000000 L)
{
return 10 ;
}
if (v >= 100000000 L)
{
return 9 ;
}
if (v >= 10000000 L)
{
return 8 ;
}
if (v >= 1000000 L)
{
return 7 ;
}
if (v >= 100000 L)
{
return 6 ;
}
if (v >= 10000 L)
{
return 5 ;
}
if (v >= 1000 L)
{
return 4 ;
}
if (v >= 100 L)
{
return 3 ;
}
if (v >= 10 L)
{
return 2 ;
}
return 1 ;
}
/* A floating decimal representing m * 10^e. */
typedef struct floating_decimal_64
{
uint64 mantissa;
int32 exponent;
} floating_decimal_64;
static inline floating_decimal_64
d2d(const uint64 ieeeMantissa, const uint32 ieeeExponent)
{
int32 e2;
uint64 m2;
if (ieeeExponent == 0 )
{
/* We subtract 2 so that the bounds computation has 2 additional bits. */
e2 = 1 - DOUBLE_BIAS - DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS - 2 ;
m2 = ieeeMantissa;
}
else
{
e2 = ieeeExponent - DOUBLE_BIAS - DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS - 2 ;
m2 = (UINT64CONST(1 ) << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) | ieeeMantissa;
}
#if STRICTLY_SHORTEST
const bool even = (m2 & 1 ) == 0 ;
const bool acceptBounds = even;
#else
const bool acceptBounds = false ;
#endif
/* Step 2: Determine the interval of legal decimal representations. */
const uint64 mv = 4 * m2;
/* Implicit bool -> int conversion. True is 1, false is 0. */
const uint32 mmShift = ieeeMantissa != 0 || ieeeExponent <= 1 ;
/* We would compute mp and mm like this: */
/* uint64 mp = 4 * m2 + 2; */
/* uint64 mm = mv - 1 - mmShift; */
/* Step 3: Convert to a decimal power base using 128-bit arithmetic. */
uint64 vr,
vp,
vm;
int32 e10;
bool vmIsTrailingZeros = false ;
bool vrIsTrailingZeros = false ;
if (e2 >= 0 )
{
/*
* I tried special - casing q = = 0 , but there was no effect on
* performance .
*
* This expr is slightly faster than max ( 0 , log10Pow2 ( e2 ) - 1 ) .
*/
const uint32 q = log10Pow2(e2) - (e2 > 3 );
const int32 k = DOUBLE_POW5_INV_BITCOUNT + pow5bits(q) - 1 ;
const int32 i = -e2 + q + k;
e10 = q;
vr = mulShiftAll(m2, DOUBLE_POW5_INV_SPLIT[q], i, &vp, &vm, mmShift);
if (q <= 21 )
{
/*
* This should use q < = 22 , but I think 21 is also safe . Smaller
* values may still be safe , but it ' s more difficult to reason
* about them .
*
* Only one of mp , mv , and mm can be a multiple of 5 , if any .
*/
const uint32 mvMod5 = (uint32) (mv - 5 * div5(mv));
if (mvMod5 == 0 )
{
vrIsTrailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf5(mv, q);
}
else if (acceptBounds)
{
/*----
* Same as min ( e2 + ( ~ mm & 1 ) , pow5Factor ( mm ) ) > = q
* < = > e2 + ( ~ mm & 1 ) > = q & & pow5Factor ( mm ) > = q
* < = > true & & pow5Factor ( mm ) > = q , since e2 > = q .
* - - - -
*/
vmIsTrailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf5(mv - 1 - mmShift, q);
}
else
{
/* Same as min(e2 + 1, pow5Factor(mp)) >= q. */
vp -= multipleOfPowerOf5(mv + 2 , q);
}
}
}
else
{
/*
* This expression is slightly faster than max ( 0 , log10Pow5 ( - e2 ) - 1 ) .
*/
const uint32 q = log10Pow5(-e2) - (-e2 > 1 );
const int32 i = -e2 - q;
const int32 k = pow5bits(i) - DOUBLE_POW5_BITCOUNT;
const int32 j = q - k;
e10 = q + e2;
vr = mulShiftAll(m2, DOUBLE_POW5_SPLIT[i], j, &vp, &vm, mmShift);
if (q <= 1 )
{
/*
* { vr , vp , vm } is trailing zeros if { mv , mp , mm } has at least q
* trailing 0 bits .
*/
/* mv = 4 * m2, so it always has at least two trailing 0 bits. */
vrIsTrailingZeros = true ;
if (acceptBounds)
{
/*
* mm = mv - 1 - mmShift , so it has 1 trailing 0 bit iff
* mmShift = = 1 .
*/
vmIsTrailingZeros = mmShift == 1 ;
}
else
{
/*
* mp = mv + 2 , so it always has at least one trailing 0 bit .
*/
--vp;
}
}
else if (q < 63 )
{
/* TODO(ulfjack):Use a tighter bound here. */
/*
* We need to compute min ( ntz ( mv ) , pow5Factor ( mv ) - e2 ) > = q - 1
*/
/* <=> ntz(mv) >= q - 1 && pow5Factor(mv) - e2 >= q - 1 */
/* <=> ntz(mv) >= q - 1 (e2 is negative and -e2 >= q) */
/* <=> (mv & ((1 << (q - 1)) - 1)) == 0 */
/*
* We also need to make sure that the left shift does not
* overflow .
*/
vrIsTrailingZeros = multipleOfPowerOf2(mv, q - 1 );
}
}
/*
* Step 4 : Find the shortest decimal representation in the interval of
* legal representations .
*/
uint32 removed = 0 ;
uint8 lastRemovedDigit = 0 ;
uint64 output;
/* On average, we remove ~2 digits. */
if (vmIsTrailingZeros || vrIsTrailingZeros)
{
/* General case, which happens rarely (~0.7%). */
for (;;)
{
const uint64 vpDiv10 = div10(vp);
const uint64 vmDiv10 = div10(vm);
if (vpDiv10 <= vmDiv10)
break ;
const uint32 vmMod10 = (uint32) (vm - 10 * vmDiv10);
const uint64 vrDiv10 = div10(vr);
const uint32 vrMod10 = (uint32) (vr - 10 * vrDiv10);
vmIsTrailingZeros &= vmMod10 == 0 ;
vrIsTrailingZeros &= lastRemovedDigit == 0 ;
lastRemovedDigit = (uint8) vrMod10;
vr = vrDiv10;
vp = vpDiv10;
vm = vmDiv10;
++removed;
}
if (vmIsTrailingZeros)
{
for (;;)
{
const uint64 vmDiv10 = div10(vm);
const uint32 vmMod10 = (uint32) (vm - 10 * vmDiv10);
if (vmMod10 != 0 )
break ;
const uint64 vpDiv10 = div10(vp);
const uint64 vrDiv10 = div10(vr);
const uint32 vrMod10 = (uint32) (vr - 10 * vrDiv10);
vrIsTrailingZeros &= lastRemovedDigit == 0 ;
lastRemovedDigit = (uint8) vrMod10;
vr = vrDiv10;
vp = vpDiv10;
vm = vmDiv10;
++removed;
}
}
if (vrIsTrailingZeros && lastRemovedDigit == 5 && vr % 2 == 0 )
{
/* Round even if the exact number is .....50..0. */
lastRemovedDigit = 4 ;
}
/*
* We need to take vr + 1 if vr is outside bounds or we need to round
* up .
*/
output = vr + ((vr == vm && (!acceptBounds || !vmIsTrailingZeros)) || lastRemovedDigit >= 5 );
}
else
{
/*
* Specialized for the common case ( ~ 99 . 3 % ) . Percentages below are
* relative to this .
*/
bool roundUp = false ;
const uint64 vpDiv100 = div100(vp);
const uint64 vmDiv100 = div100(vm);
if (vpDiv100 > vmDiv100)
{
/* Optimization:remove two digits at a time(~86.2 %). */
const uint64 vrDiv100 = div100(vr);
const uint32 vrMod100 = (uint32) (vr - 100 * vrDiv100);
roundUp = vrMod100 >= 50 ;
vr = vrDiv100;
vp = vpDiv100;
vm = vmDiv100;
removed += 2 ;
}
/*----
* Loop iterations below ( approximately ) , without optimization
* above :
*
* 0 : 0 . 03 % , 1 : 13 . 8 % , 2 : 70 . 6 % , 3 : 14 . 0 % , 4 : 1 . 40 % , 5 : 0 . 14 % ,
* 6 + : 0 . 02 %
*
* Loop iterations below ( approximately ) , with optimization
* above :
*
* 0 : 70 . 6 % , 1 : 27 . 8 % , 2 : 1 . 40 % , 3 : 0 . 14 % , 4 + : 0 . 02 %
* - - - -
*/
for (;;)
{
const uint64 vpDiv10 = div10(vp);
const uint64 vmDiv10 = div10(vm);
if (vpDiv10 <= vmDiv10)
break ;
const uint64 vrDiv10 = div10(vr);
const uint32 vrMod10 = (uint32) (vr - 10 * vrDiv10);
roundUp = vrMod10 >= 5 ;
vr = vrDiv10;
vp = vpDiv10;
vm = vmDiv10;
++removed;
}
/*
* We need to take vr + 1 if vr is outside bounds or we need to round
* up .
*/
output = vr + (vr == vm || roundUp);
}
const int32 exp = e10 + removed;
floating_decimal_64 fd;
fd.exponent = exp;
fd.mantissa = output;
return fd;
}
static inline int
to_chars_df(const floating_decimal_64 v, const uint32 olength, char *const result)
{
/* Step 5: Print the decimal representation. */
int index = 0 ;
uint64 output = v.mantissa;
int32 exp = v.exponent;
/*----
* On entry , mantissa * 10 ^ exp is the result to be output .
* Caller has already done the - sign if needed .
*
* We want to insert the point somewhere depending on the output length
* and exponent , which might mean adding zeros :
*
* exp | format
* 1 + | ddddddddd000000
* 0 | ddddddddd
* - 1 . . - len + 1 | dddddddd . d to d . ddddddddd
* - len . . . | 0 . ddddddddd to 0 . 000 dddddd
*/
uint32 i = 0 ;
int32 nexp = exp + olength;
if (nexp <= 0 )
{
/* -nexp is number of 0s to add after '.' */
Assert(nexp >= -3 );
/* 0.000ddddd */
index = 2 - nexp;
/* won't need more than this many 0s */
memcpy(result, "0.000000" , 8 );
}
else if (exp < 0 )
{
/*
* dddd . dddd ; leave space at the start and move the ' . ' in after
*/
index = 1 ;
}
else
{
/*
* We can save some code later by pre - filling with zeros . We know that
* there can be no more than 16 output digits in this form , otherwise
* we would not choose fixed - point output .
*/
Assert(exp < 16 && exp + olength <= 16 );
memset(result, '0' , 16 );
}
/*
* We prefer 32 - bit operations , even on 64 - bit platforms . We have at most
* 17 digits , and uint32 can store 9 digits . If output doesn ' t fit into
* uint32 , we cut off 8 digits , so the rest will fit into uint32 .
*/
if ((output >> 32 ) != 0 )
{
/* Expensive 64-bit division. */
const uint64 q = div1e8(output);
uint32 output2 = (uint32) (output - 100000000 * q);
const uint32 c = output2 % 10000 ;
output = q;
output2 /= 10000 ;
const uint32 d = output2 % 10000 ;
const uint32 c0 = (c % 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 c1 = (c / 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 d0 = (d % 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 d1 = (d / 100 ) << 1 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 2 , DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 4 , DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 6 , DIGIT_TABLE + d0, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 8 , DIGIT_TABLE + d1, 2 );
i += 8 ;
}
uint32 output2 = (uint32) output;
while (output2 >= 10000 )
{
const uint32 c = output2 - 10000 * (output2 / 10000 );
const uint32 c0 = (c % 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 c1 = (c / 100 ) << 1 ;
output2 /= 10000 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 2 , DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 4 , DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2 );
i += 4 ;
}
if (output2 >= 100 )
{
const uint32 c = (output2 % 100 ) << 1 ;
output2 /= 100 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 2 , DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2 );
i += 2 ;
}
if (output2 >= 10 )
{
const uint32 c = output2 << 1 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 2 , DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2 );
}
else
{
result[index] = (char ) ('0' + output2);
}
if (index == 1 )
{
/*
* nexp is 1 . . 15 here , representing the number of digits before the
* point . A value of 16 is not possible because we switch to
* scientific notation when the display exponent reaches 15 .
*/
Assert(nexp < 16 );
/* gcc only seems to want to optimize memmove for small 2^n */
if (nexp & 8 )
{
memmove(result + index - 1 , result + index, 8 );
index += 8 ;
}
if (nexp & 4 )
{
memmove(result + index - 1 , result + index, 4 );
index += 4 ;
}
if (nexp & 2 )
{
memmove(result + index - 1 , result + index, 2 );
index += 2 ;
}
if (nexp & 1 )
{
result[index - 1 ] = result[index];
}
result[nexp] = '.' ;
index = olength + 1 ;
}
else if (exp >= 0 )
{
/* we supplied the trailing zeros earlier, now just set the length. */
index = olength + exp;
}
else
{
index = olength + (2 - nexp);
}
return index;
}
static inline int
to_chars(floating_decimal_64 v, const bool sign, char *const result)
{
/* Step 5: Print the decimal representation. */
int index = 0 ;
uint64 output = v.mantissa;
uint32 olength = decimalLength(output);
int32 exp = v.exponent + olength - 1 ;
if (sign)
{
result[index++] = '-' ;
}
/*
* The thresholds for fixed - point output are chosen to match printf
* defaults . Beware that both the code of to_chars_df and the value of
* DOUBLE_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN are sensitive to these thresholds .
*/
if (exp >= -4 && exp < 15 )
return to_chars_df(v, olength, result + index) + sign;
/*
* If v . exponent is exactly 0 , we might have reached here via the small
* integer fast path , in which case v . mantissa might contain trailing
* ( decimal ) zeros . For scientific notation we need to move these zeros
* into the exponent . ( For fixed point this doesn ' t matter , which is why
* we do this here rather than above . )
*
* Since we already calculated the display exponent ( exp ) above based on
* the old decimal length , that value does not change here . Instead , we
* just reduce the display length for each digit removed .
*
* If we didn ' t get here via the fast path , the raw exponent will not
* usually be 0 , and there will be no trailing zeros , so we pay no more
* than one div10 / multiply extra cost . We claw back half of that by
* checking for divisibility by 2 before dividing by 10 .
*/
if (v.exponent == 0 )
{
while ((output & 1 ) == 0 )
{
const uint64 q = div10(output);
const uint32 r = (uint32) (output - 10 * q);
if (r != 0 )
break ;
output = q;
--olength;
}
}
/*----
* Print the decimal digits .
*
* The following code is equivalent to :
*
* for ( uint32 i = 0 ; i < olength - 1 ; + + i ) {
* const uint32 c = output % 10 ; output / = 10 ;
* result [ index + olength - i ] = ( char ) ( ' 0 ' + c ) ;
* }
* result [ index ] = ' 0 ' + output % 10 ;
* - - - -
*/
uint32 i = 0 ;
/*
* We prefer 32 - bit operations , even on 64 - bit platforms . We have at most
* 17 digits , and uint32 can store 9 digits . If output doesn ' t fit into
* uint32 , we cut off 8 digits , so the rest will fit into uint32 .
*/
if ((output >> 32 ) != 0 )
{
/* Expensive 64-bit division. */
const uint64 q = div1e8(output);
uint32 output2 = (uint32) (output - 100000000 * q);
output = q;
const uint32 c = output2 % 10000 ;
output2 /= 10000 ;
const uint32 d = output2 % 10000 ;
const uint32 c0 = (c % 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 c1 = (c / 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 d0 = (d % 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 d1 = (d / 100 ) << 1 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 1 , DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 3 , DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 5 , DIGIT_TABLE + d0, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 7 , DIGIT_TABLE + d1, 2 );
i += 8 ;
}
uint32 output2 = (uint32) output;
while (output2 >= 10000 )
{
const uint32 c = output2 - 10000 * (output2 / 10000 );
output2 /= 10000 ;
const uint32 c0 = (c % 100 ) << 1 ;
const uint32 c1 = (c / 100 ) << 1 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 1 , DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2 );
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 3 , DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2 );
i += 4 ;
}
if (output2 >= 100 )
{
const uint32 c = (output2 % 100 ) << 1 ;
output2 /= 100 ;
memcpy(result + index + olength - i - 1 , DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2 );
i += 2 ;
}
if (output2 >= 10 )
{
const uint32 c = output2 << 1 ;
/*
* We can ' t use memcpy here : the decimal dot goes between these two
* digits .
*/
result[index + olength - i] = DIGIT_TABLE[c + 1 ];
result[index] = DIGIT_TABLE[c];
}
else
{
result[index] = (char ) ('0' + output2);
}
/* Print decimal point if needed. */
if (olength > 1 )
{
result[index + 1 ] = '.' ;
index += olength + 1 ;
}
else
{
++index;
}
/* Print the exponent. */
result[index++] = 'e' ;
if (exp < 0 )
{
result[index++] = '-' ;
exp = -exp;
}
else
result[index++] = '+' ;
if (exp >= 100 )
{
const int32 c = exp % 10 ;
memcpy(result + index, DIGIT_TABLE + 2 * (exp / 10 ), 2 );
result[index + 2 ] = (char ) ('0' + c);
index += 3 ;
}
else
{
memcpy(result + index, DIGIT_TABLE + 2 * exp, 2 );
index += 2 ;
}
return index;
}
static inline bool
d2d_small_int(const uint64 ieeeMantissa,
const uint32 ieeeExponent,
floating_decimal_64 *v)
{
const int32 e2 = (int32) ieeeExponent - DOUBLE_BIAS - DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS;
/*
* Avoid using multiple " return false ; " here since it tends to provoke the
* compiler into inlining multiple copies of d2d , which is undesirable .
*/
if (e2 >= -DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS && e2 <= 0 )
{
/*----
* Since 2 ^ 52 < = m2 < 2 ^ 53 and 0 < = - e2 < = 52 :
* 1 < = f = m2 / 2 ^ - e2 < 2 ^ 53 .
*
* Test if the lower - e2 bits of the significand are 0 , i . e . whether
* the fraction is 0 . We can use ieeeMantissa here , since the implied
* 1 bit can never be tested by this ; the implied 1 can only be part
* of a fraction if e2 < - DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS which we already
* checked . ( e . g . 0 . 5 gives ieeeMantissa = = 0 and e2 = = - 53 )
*/
const uint64 mask = (UINT64CONST(1 ) << -e2) - 1 ;
const uint64 fraction = ieeeMantissa & mask;
if (fraction == 0 )
{
/*----
* f is an integer in the range [ 1 , 2 ^ 53 ) .
* Note : mantissa might contain trailing ( decimal ) 0 ' s .
* Note : since 2 ^ 53 < 10 ^ 16 , there is no need to adjust
* decimalLength ( ) .
*/
const uint64 m2 = (UINT64CONST(1 ) << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) | ieeeMantissa;
v->mantissa = m2 >> -e2;
v->exponent = 0 ;
return true ;
}
}
return false ;
}
/*
* Store the shortest decimal representation of the given double as an
* UNTERMINATED string in the caller ' s supplied buffer ( which must be at least
* DOUBLE_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN - 1 bytes long ) .
*
* Returns the number of bytes stored .
*/
int
double_to_shortest_decimal_bufn(double f, char *result)
{
/*
* Step 1 : Decode the floating - point number , and unify normalized and
* subnormal cases .
*/
const uint64 bits = double_to_bits(f);
/* Decode bits into sign, mantissa, and exponent. */
const bool ieeeSign = ((bits >> (DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS + DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS)) & 1 ) != 0 ;
const uint64 ieeeMantissa = bits & ((UINT64CONST(1 ) << DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) - 1 );
const uint32 ieeeExponent = (uint32) ((bits >> DOUBLE_MANTISSA_BITS) & ((1 u << DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS) - 1 ));
/* Case distinction; exit early for the easy cases. */
if (ieeeExponent == ((1 u << DOUBLE_EXPONENT_BITS) - 1 u) || (ieeeExponent == 0 && ieeeMantissa == 0 ))
{
return copy_special_str(result, ieeeSign, (ieeeExponent != 0 ), (ieeeMantissa != 0 ));
}
floating_decimal_64 v;
const bool isSmallInt = d2d_small_int(ieeeMantissa, ieeeExponent, &v);
if (!isSmallInt)
{
v = d2d(ieeeMantissa, ieeeExponent);
}
return to_chars(v, ieeeSign, result);
}
/*
* Store the shortest decimal representation of the given double as a
* null - terminated string in the caller ' s supplied buffer ( which must be at
* least DOUBLE_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN bytes long ) .
*
* Returns the string length .
*/
int
double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(double f, char *result)
{
const int index = double_to_shortest_decimal_bufn(f, result);
/* Terminate the string. */
Assert(index < DOUBLE_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN);
result[index] = '\0' ;
return index;
}
/*
* Return the shortest decimal representation as a null - terminated palloc ' d
* string ( outside the backend , uses malloc ( ) instead ) .
*
* Caller is responsible for freeing the result .
*/
char *
double_to_shortest_decimal(double f)
{
char *const result = (char *) palloc(DOUBLE_SHORTEST_DECIMAL_LEN);
double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(f, result);
return result;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=93 H=95 G=93
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.44 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-08-09)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-08-25
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