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products/Sources/formale Sprachen/C/Postfix/html/ (Postfix Mailserver Version 3.11^©) Datei vom 20.1.2026 mit Größe 26 kB

Quelle postfix.1.html

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POSTFIX(1) POSTFIX(1)

<a name="name">NAME</a>
 postfix - Postfix control program

<a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a>
 postfix [-Dv] [-c config_dir] command

<a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a>
 This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use the
 Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a> command.

 The <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command controls the operation of the Postfix mail sys-
 tem: start or stop the <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> daemon, do a health check, and other
 maintenance.

 By default, the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command sets up a standardized environment
 and runs the postfix-script shell script to do the actual work.

 However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is configured,
 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> executes the command specified with the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrap</a>-
 <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">per</a> configuration parameter. This command will execute the command for
 each applicable Postfix instance.

 The following commands are implemented:

 check Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permissions, and cre-
 ate missing directories.

 start Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the configuration
 check described above.

 start-fg
 Like start, but keep the <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> daemon running in the fore-
 ground, and enable <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> "init" mode when running as PID 1.
 This command requires that multi-instance support is disabled
 (i.e. the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> parameter value must be
 empty).

 When running Postfix inside a container, see <a href="MAILLOG_README.html">MAILLOG_README</a> for
 logging to stdout. Postfix logs to syslog by default, which
 requires a) running a syslogd process inside the container, or
 b) mounting the container host's /dev/log socket inside the con-
 tainer (example: "docker run -v /dev/log:/dev/log ..."), and c)
 a distinct Postfix "<a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a>" prefix that identifies logging
 from the Postfix instance.

 stop Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion. If possible,
 running processes are allowed to terminate at their earliest
 convenience.

 Note: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system after a con-
 figuration change, do not use the start and stop commands in
 succession. Use the reload command instead.

 abort Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running processes are
 signaled to stop immediately.

 flush Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in the deferred
 mail queue. Normally, attempts to deliver delayed mail happen at
 regular intervals, the interval doubling after each failed
 attempt.

 Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in
 poor delivery performance of all other mail.

 reload Re-read configuration files. Running processes terminate at
 their earliest convenience.

 status Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently running (zero
 exit status) or stopped (non-zero exit status).

 set-permissions [name=value ...]
 Set the ownership and permissions of Postfix related files and
 directories, as specified in the postfix-files file.

 Specify name=value to override and update specific <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> con-
 figuration parameters. Use this, for example, to change the
 <a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> or <a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a> setting for an already installed
 Postfix system.

 This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Post-
 fix 2.0 and earlier, use "$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/post-install
 set-permissions".

 logrotate
 Rotate the logfile specified with $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a>, by appending a
 time-stamp suffix that is formatted according to $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">mail</a>-
 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">log_file_rotate_suffix</a>, and by compressing the file with the
 command specified with $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_compressor">maillog_file_compressor</a>. This will not
 rotate /dev/* files.

 non-bdb subcommand
 Migrate a Postfix configuration that uses Berkeley DB <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>: or
 <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">btree</a>: tables, to a configuration that uses <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>: or a combina-
 tion of <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>: and <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:. This is needed because some (Linux) dis-
 tributions have removed Berkeley DB support. See post-
 fix-nbdb(1) for documentation.

 This feature is available in Postfix 3.11 and later.

 tls subcommand
 Enable opportunistic TLS in the Postfix SMTP client or server,
 and manage Postfix SMTP server TLS private keys and certifi-
 cates. See <a href="postfix-tls.1.html">postfix-tls(1)</a> for documentation.

 This feature is available in Postfix 3.1 and later.

 upgrade-configuration [name=value ...]
 Update the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> files with information that
 Postfix needs in order to run: add or update services, and add
 or update configuration parameter settings.

 Specify name=value to override and update specific <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> con-
 figuration parameters.

 This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With Post-
 fix 2.0 and earlier, use "$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/post-install
 upgrade-configuration".

 The following options are implemented:

 -c config_dir
 Read the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files in the named
 directory instead of the default configuration directory. Use
 this to distinguish between multiple Postfix instances on the
 same host.

 With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>
 command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This
 behavior is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that run as a
 descendant of the current process.

 -D (with postfix start only)
 Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified
 via the <a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> configuration parameter.

 -v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v
 options make the software increasingly verbose.

<a name="environment">ENVIRONMENT</a>
 The <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command exports the following environment variables
 before executing the postfix-script file:

 MAIL_CONFIG
 This is set when the -c command-line option is present.

 With Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment variable forces the
 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command to operate on the specified Postfix instance
 only. This behavior is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that
 run as a descendant of the current process.

 MAIL_VERBOSE
 This is set when the -v command-line option is present.

 MAIL_DEBUG
 This is set when the -D command-line option is present.

 When the internal logging service is enabled (by setting a non-empty
 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> parameter value) the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command exports settings
 that are used by child processes before they have processed <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> or
 command-line settings.

 POSTLOG_SERVICE
 The name of the public postlog service endpoint.

 POSTLOG_HOSTNAME
 The hostname to prepend to internal logging.

<a name="configuration_parameters">CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</a>
 The following <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> configuration parameters are exported as environ-
 ment variables with the same names:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con-
 figuration files.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of all postfix administrative commands.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#html_directory">html_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of Postfix HTML files that describe how to build,
 configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)
 The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most
 Postfix daemon processes.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#mailq_path">mailq_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies where the Postfix
 <a href="mailq.1.html">mailq(1)</a> command is installed.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#manpage_directory">manpage_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 Where the Postfix manual pages are installed.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#newaliases_path">newaliases_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of
 the <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a> command.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#readme_directory">readme_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of Postfix README files that describe how to build,
 configure or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#sendmail_path">sendmail_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 A Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of
 the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a> command.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a> (postdrop)
 The group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and of
 group-writable Postfix directories.

 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#data_directory">data_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The directory with Postfix-writable data files (for example:
 caches, pseudo-random numbers).

 Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#compatibility_level">compatibility_level</a> (0)
 A safety net that causes Postfix to run with backwards-compati-
 ble default settings after an upgrade to a newer Postfix ver-
 sion.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of non-executable files that are shared among mul-
 tiple Postfix instances, such as postfix-files, dynamicmaps.cf,
 and the multi-instance template files <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>.proto and <a href="master.5.html">mas-
 ter.cf</a>.proto.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#shlib_directory">shlib_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of Postfix dynamically-linked libraries (libpost-
 fix-*.so), and the default location of Postfix database plugins
 (postfix-*.so) that have a relative pathname in the dynam-
 icmaps.cf file.

 Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#openssl_path">openssl_path</a> (openssl)
 The location of the OpenSSL command line program openssl(1).

 Other configuration parameters:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix
 process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or
 name=value environment overrides.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)
 The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
 records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".

 Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> (empty)
 An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directo-
 ries; these directories belong to additional Postfix instances
 that share the Postfix executable files and documentation with
 the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped,
 etc., together with the default Postfix instance.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrapper</a> (empty)
 The pathname of a multi-instance manager command that the <a href="postfix.1.html">post-</a>
 <a href="postfix.1.html">fix(1)</a> command invokes when the <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a>
 parameter value is non-empty.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_group">multi_instance_group</a> (empty)
 The optional instance group name of this Postfix instance.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_name">multi_instance_name</a> (empty)
 The optional instance name of this Postfix instance.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_enable">multi_instance_enable</a> (no)
 Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a
 multi-instance manager.

 Available in Postfix version 3.4 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> (empty)
 The name of an optional logfile that is written by the Postfix
 <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a> service.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_compressor">maillog_file_compressor</a> (gzip)
 The program to run after rotating $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> with "postfix
 logrotate".

 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_prefixes">maillog_file_prefixes</a> (/var, /dev/stdout)
 A list of allowed prefixes for a <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> value.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file_rotate_suffix">maillog_file_rotate_suffix</a> (%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)
 The format of the suffix to append to $<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> while rotat-
 ing the file with "postfix logrotate".

 <a href="postconf.5.html#postlog_service_name">postlog_service_name</a> (postlog)
 The name of the <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a> service entry in <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>.

<a name="files">FILES</a>
 Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following files were in $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">con</a>-
 <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">fig_directory</a>. Some files are now in $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> or $meta_direc-
 tory so that they can be shared among multiple instances that run the
 same Postfix version.

 Use the command "postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>" or "postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_direc</a>-
 <a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">tory</a>" to expand the names into their actual values.

 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, Postfix configuration parameters
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>, Postfix daemon processes
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/postfix-script, administrative commands
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/post-install, post-installation configuration
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a>/dynamicmaps.cf, plug-in database clients
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#meta_directory">meta_directory</a>/postfix-files, file/directory permissions

<a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a>
 Commands:
 <a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database
 <a href="postcat.1.html">postcat(1)</a>, examine Postfix queue file
 <a href="postconf.1.html">postconf(1)</a>, Postfix configuration utility
 <a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a>, Postfix mail posting utility
 <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, Postfix control program
 <a href="postfix-non-bdb.1.html">postfix-non-bdb(1)</a>, Postfix Non-Berkeley-DB migration
 <a href="postfix-tls.1.html">postfix-tls(1)</a>, Postfix TLS management
 <a href="postkick.1.html">postkick(1)</a>, trigger Postfix daemon
 <a href="postlock.1.html">postlock(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible locking
 <a href="postlog.1.html">postlog(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible logging
 <a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a>, Postfix lookup table manager
 <a href="postmulti.1.html">postmulti(1)</a>, Postfix multi-instance manager
 <a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, Postfix mail queue control
 <a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, Postfix housekeeping
 <a href="mailq.1.html">mailq(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface
 <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface
 <a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface

 Postfix configuration:
 <a href="bounce.5.html">bounce(5)</a>, Postfix bounce message templates
 <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file syntax
 <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file syntax
 <a href="postfix-wrapper.5.html">postfix-wrapper(5)</a>, Postfix multi-instance API

 Table-driven mechanisms:
 <a href="access.5.html">access(5)</a>, Postfix SMTP access control table
 <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html#aliases">local aliasing</a>
 <a href="canonical.5.html">canonical(5)</a>, Postfix input address rewriting
 <a href="generic.5.html">generic(5)</a>, Postfix output address rewriting
 <a href="header_checks.5.html">header_checks(5)</a>, <a href="header_checks.5.html">body_checks(5)</a>, Postfix content inspection
 <a href="relocated.5.html">relocated(5)</a>, Users that have moved
 <a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a>, Postfix routing table
 <a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html#virtual">virtual aliasing</a>

 Table lookup mechanisms:
 <a href="cidr_table.5.html">cidr_table(5)</a>, Associate CIDR pattern with value
 <a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap_table(5)</a>, Postfix LDAP client
 <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb_table(5)</a>, Postfix LMDB database driver
 <a href="memcache_table.5.html">memcache_table(5)</a>, Postfix memcache client
 <a href="mongodb_table.5.html">mongodb_table(5)</a>, Postfix MongoDB client
 <a href="mysql_table.5.html">mysql_table(5)</a>, Postfix MYSQL client
 <a href="nisplus_table.5.html">nisplus_table(5)</a>, Postfix NIS+ client
 <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre_table(5)</a>, Associate PCRE pattern with value
 <a href="pgsql_table.5.html">pgsql_table(5)</a>, Postfix PostgreSQL client
 <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp_table(5)</a>, Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value
 <a href="socketmap_table.5.html">socketmap_table(5)</a>, Postfix socketmap client
 <a href="sqlite_table.5.html">sqlite_table(5)</a>, Postfix SQLite database driver
 <a href="tcp_table.5.html">tcp_table(5)</a>, Postfix client-server table lookup

 Daemon processes:
 <a href="anvil.8.html">anvil(8)</a>, Postfix connection/rate limiting
 <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html">defer(8)</a>, <a href="trace.8.html">trace(8)</a>, Delivery status reports
 <a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a>, canonicalize and enqueue message
 <a href="discard.8.html">discard(8)</a>, Postfix discard delivery agent
 <a href="dnsblog.8.html">dnsblog(8)</a>, DNS allow/denylist logger
 <a href="error.8.html">error(8)</a>, Postfix error delivery agent
 <a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, Postfix fast ETRN service
 <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a>, Postfix local delivery agent
 <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, Postfix master daemon
 <a href="qmgr.8.html">oqmgr(8)</a>, old Postfix queue manager
 <a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, Postfix local mail pickup
 <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a>, deliver mail to non-Postfix command
 <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix internal logging service
 <a href="postscreen.8.html">postscreen(8)</a>, Postfix zombie blocker
 <a href="proxymap.8.html">proxymap(8)</a>, Postfix lookup table proxy server
 <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, Postfix queue manager
 <a href="qmqpd.8.html">qmqpd(8)</a>, Postfix QMQP server
 <a href="scache.8.html">scache(8)</a>, Postfix connection cache manager
 <a href="showq.8.html">showq(8)</a>, list Postfix mail queue
 <a href="smtp.8.html">smtp(8)</a>, <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP+LMTP client
 <a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP server
 <a href="spawn.8.html">spawn(8)</a>, run non-Postfix server
 <a href="tlsmgr.8.html">tlsmgr(8)</a>, Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager
 <a href="tlsproxy.8.html">tlsproxy(8)</a>, Postfix TLS proxy server
 <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, Postfix address rewriting
 <a href="verify.8.html">verify(8)</a>, Postfix address verification
 <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a>, Postfix virtual delivery agent

 Other:
 syslogd(8), system logging

<a name="readme_files">README FILES</a>
 <a href="OVERVIEW.html">OVERVIEW</a>, overview of Postfix commands and processes
 <a href="BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README.html">BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README</a>, Postfix basic configuration
 <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html">ADDRESS_REWRITING_README</a>, Postfix address rewriting
 <a href="SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html">SMTPD_ACCESS_README</a>, SMTP relay/access control
 <a href="CONTENT_INSPECTION_README.html">CONTENT_INSPECTION_README</a>, Postfix content inspection
 <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis

<a name="license">LICENSE</a>
 The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
 Wietse Venema
 IBM T.J. Watson Research
 P.O. Box 704
 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

 Wietse Venema
 Google, Inc.
 111 8th Avenue
 New York, NY 10011, USA

 TLS support by:
 Lutz Jaenicke
 Brandenburg University of Technology
 Cottbus, Germany

 Victor Duchovni
 Morgan Stanley

 SASL support originally by:
 Till Franke
 SuSE Rhein/Main AG
 65760 Eschborn, Germany

 LMTP support originally by:
 Philip A. Prindeville
 Mirapoint, Inc.
 USA.

 Amos Gouaux
 University of Texas at Dallas
 P.O. Box 830688, MC34
 Richardson, TX 75083, USA

 IPv6 support originally by:
 Mark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands
 Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan
 The Linux PLD project
 Dean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands

 POSTFIX(1)
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