Quelle util.c
Sprache: C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <linux/elf-randomize.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/processor.h>
#include <linux/sizes.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
#include <linux/page_idle.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <kunit/visibility.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "swap.h"
/**
* kfree_const - conditionally free memory
* @ x : pointer to the memory
*
* Function calls kfree only if @ x is not in . rodata section .
*/
void kfree_const(const void *x)
{
if (!is_kernel_rodata((unsigned long )x))
kfree(x);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kfree_const);
/**
* _ _ kmemdup_nul - Create a NUL - terminated string from @ s , which might be unterminated .
* @ s : The data to copy
* @ len : The size of the data , not including the NUL terminator
* @ gfp : the GFP mask used in the kmalloc ( ) call when allocating memory
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ s with NUL - termination or % NULL in
* case of error
*/
static __always_inline char *__kmemdup_nul(const char *s, size_t len, gfp_t gfp)
{
char *buf;
/* '+1' for the NUL terminator */
buf = kmalloc_track_caller(len + 1 , gfp);
if (!buf)
return NULL;
memcpy(buf, s, len);
/* Ensure the buf is always NUL-terminated, regardless of @s. */
buf[len] = '\0' ;
return buf;
}
/**
* kstrdup - allocate space for and copy an existing string
* @ s : the string to duplicate
* @ gfp : the GFP mask used in the kmalloc ( ) call when allocating memory
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ s or % NULL in case of error
*/
noinline
char *kstrdup(const char *s, gfp_t gfp)
{
return s ? __kmemdup_nul(s, strlen(s), gfp) : NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kstrdup);
/**
* kstrdup_const - conditionally duplicate an existing const string
* @ s : the string to duplicate
* @ gfp : the GFP mask used in the kmalloc ( ) call when allocating memory
*
* Note : Strings allocated by kstrdup_const should be freed by kfree_const and
* must not be passed to krealloc ( ) .
*
* Return : source string if it is in . rodata section otherwise
* fallback to kstrdup .
*/
const char *kstrdup_const(const char *s, gfp_t gfp)
{
if (is_kernel_rodata((unsigned long )s))
return s;
return kstrdup(s, gfp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kstrdup_const);
/**
* kstrndup - allocate space for and copy an existing string
* @ s : the string to duplicate
* @ max : read at most @ max chars from @ s
* @ gfp : the GFP mask used in the kmalloc ( ) call when allocating memory
*
* Note : Use kmemdup_nul ( ) instead if the size is known exactly .
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ s or % NULL in case of error
*/
char *kstrndup(const char *s, size_t max, gfp_t gfp)
{
return s ? __kmemdup_nul(s, strnlen(s, max), gfp) : NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kstrndup);
/**
* kmemdup - duplicate region of memory
*
* @ src : memory region to duplicate
* @ len : memory region length
* @ gfp : GFP mask to use
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ src or % NULL in case of error ,
* result is physically contiguous . Use kfree ( ) to free .
*/
void *kmemdup_noprof(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp)
{
void *p;
p = kmalloc_node_track_caller_noprof(len, gfp, NUMA_NO_NODE, _RET_IP_);
if (p)
memcpy(p, src, len);
return p;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemdup_noprof);
/**
* kmemdup_array - duplicate a given array .
*
* @ src : array to duplicate .
* @ count : number of elements to duplicate from array .
* @ element_size : size of each element of array .
* @ gfp : GFP mask to use .
*
* Return : duplicated array of @ src or % NULL in case of error ,
* result is physically contiguous . Use kfree ( ) to free .
*/
void *kmemdup_array(const void *src, size_t count, size_t element_size, gfp_t gfp)
{
return kmemdup(src, size_mul(element_size, count), gfp);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemdup_array);
/**
* kvmemdup - duplicate region of memory
*
* @ src : memory region to duplicate
* @ len : memory region length
* @ gfp : GFP mask to use
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ src or % NULL in case of error ,
* result may be not physically contiguous . Use kvfree ( ) to free .
*/
void *kvmemdup(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp)
{
void *p;
p = kvmalloc(len, gfp);
if (p)
memcpy(p, src, len);
return p;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kvmemdup);
/**
* kmemdup_nul - Create a NUL - terminated string from unterminated data
* @ s : The data to stringify
* @ len : The size of the data
* @ gfp : the GFP mask used in the kmalloc ( ) call when allocating memory
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ s with NUL - termination or % NULL in
* case of error
*/
char *kmemdup_nul(const char *s, size_t len, gfp_t gfp)
{
return s ? __kmemdup_nul(s, len, gfp) : NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmemdup_nul);
static kmem_buckets *user_buckets __ro_after_init;
static int __init init_user_buckets(void )
{
user_buckets = kmem_buckets_create("memdup_user" , 0 , 0 , INT_MAX, NULL);
return 0 ;
}
subsys_initcall(init_user_buckets);
/**
* memdup_user - duplicate memory region from user space
*
* @ src : source address in user space
* @ len : number of bytes to copy
*
* Return : an ERR_PTR ( ) on failure . Result is physically
* contiguous , to be freed by kfree ( ) .
*/
void *memdup_user(const void __user *src, size_t len)
{
void *p;
p = kmem_buckets_alloc_track_caller(user_buckets, len, GFP_USER | __GFP_NOWARN);
if (!p)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
if (copy_from_user(p, src, len)) {
kfree(p);
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
}
return p;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(memdup_user);
/**
* vmemdup_user - duplicate memory region from user space
*
* @ src : source address in user space
* @ len : number of bytes to copy
*
* Return : an ERR_PTR ( ) on failure . Result may be not
* physically contiguous . Use kvfree ( ) to free .
*/
void *vmemdup_user(const void __user *src, size_t len)
{
void *p;
p = kmem_buckets_valloc(user_buckets, len, GFP_USER);
if (!p)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
if (copy_from_user(p, src, len)) {
kvfree(p);
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
}
return p;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmemdup_user);
/**
* strndup_user - duplicate an existing string from user space
* @ s : The string to duplicate
* @ n : Maximum number of bytes to copy , including the trailing NUL .
*
* Return : newly allocated copy of @ s or an ERR_PTR ( ) in case of error
*/
char *strndup_user(const char __user *s, long n)
{
char *p;
long length;
length = strnlen_user(s, n);
if (!length)
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
if (length > n)
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
p = memdup_user(s, length);
if (IS_ERR(p))
return p;
p[length - 1 ] = '\0' ;
return p;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(strndup_user);
/**
* memdup_user_nul - duplicate memory region from user space and NUL - terminate
*
* @ src : source address in user space
* @ len : number of bytes to copy
*
* Return : an ERR_PTR ( ) on failure .
*/
void *memdup_user_nul(const void __user *src, size_t len)
{
char *p;
p = kmem_buckets_alloc_track_caller(user_buckets, len + 1 , GFP_USER | __GFP_NOWARN);
if (!p)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
if (copy_from_user(p, src, len)) {
kfree(p);
return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
}
p[len] = '\0' ;
return p;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(memdup_user_nul);
/* Check if the vma is being used as a stack by this task */
int vma_is_stack_for_current(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
struct task_struct * __maybe_unused t = current;
return (vma->vm_start <= KSTK_ESP(t) && vma->vm_end >= KSTK_ESP(t));
}
/*
* Change backing file , only valid to use during initial VMA setup .
*/
void vma_set_file(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct file *file)
{
/* Changing an anonymous vma with this is illegal */
get_file(file);
swap(vma->vm_file, file);
fput(file);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vma_set_file);
#ifndef STACK_RND_MASK
#define STACK_RND_MASK (0 x7ff >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 12 )) /* 8MB of VA */
#endif
unsigned long randomize_stack_top(unsigned long stack_top)
{
unsigned long random_variable = 0 ;
if (current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE) {
random_variable = get_random_long();
random_variable &= STACK_RND_MASK;
random_variable <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
return PAGE_ALIGN(stack_top) + random_variable;
#else
return PAGE_ALIGN(stack_top) - random_variable;
#endif
}
/**
* randomize_page - Generate a random , page aligned address
* @ start : The smallest acceptable address the caller will take .
* @ range : The size of the area , starting at @ start , within which the
* random address must fall .
*
* If @ start + @ range would overflow , @ range is capped .
*
* NOTE : Historical use of randomize_range , which this replaces , presumed that
* @ start was already page aligned . We now align it regardless .
*
* Return : A page aligned address within [ start , start + range ) . On error ,
* @ start is returned .
*/
unsigned long randomize_page(unsigned long start, unsigned long range)
{
if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(start)) {
range -= PAGE_ALIGN(start) - start;
start = PAGE_ALIGN(start);
}
if (start > ULONG_MAX - range)
range = ULONG_MAX - start;
range >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
if (range == 0 )
return start;
return start + (get_random_long() % range << PAGE_SHIFT);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_DEFAULT_TOPDOWN_MMAP_LAYOUT
unsigned long __weak arch_randomize_brk(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
/* Is the current task 32bit ? */
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) || is_compat_task())
return randomize_page(mm->brk, SZ_32M);
return randomize_page(mm->brk, SZ_1G);
}
unsigned long arch_mmap_rnd(void )
{
unsigned long rnd;
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
if (is_compat_task())
rnd = get_random_long() & ((1 UL << mmap_rnd_compat_bits) - 1 );
else
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS */
rnd = get_random_long() & ((1 UL << mmap_rnd_bits) - 1 );
return rnd << PAGE_SHIFT;
}
static int mmap_is_legacy(struct rlimit *rlim_stack)
{
if (current->personality & ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT)
return 1 ;
/* On parisc the stack always grows up - so a unlimited stack should
* not be an indicator to use the legacy memory layout. */
if (rlim_stack->rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY &&
!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP))
return 1 ;
return sysctl_legacy_va_layout;
}
/*
* Leave enough space between the mmap area and the stack to honour ulimit in
* the face of randomisation .
*/
#define MIN_GAP (SZ_128M)
#define MAX_GAP (STACK_TOP / 6 * 5 )
static unsigned long mmap_base(unsigned long rnd, struct rlimit *rlim_stack)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
/*
* For an upwards growing stack the calculation is much simpler .
* Memory for the maximum stack size is reserved at the top of the
* task . mmap_base starts directly below the stack and grows
* downwards .
*/
return PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(mmap_upper_limit(rlim_stack) - rnd);
#else
unsigned long gap = rlim_stack->rlim_cur;
unsigned long pad = stack_guard_gap;
/* Account for stack randomization if necessary */
if (current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE)
pad += (STACK_RND_MASK << PAGE_SHIFT);
/* Values close to RLIM_INFINITY can overflow. */
if (gap + pad > gap)
gap += pad;
if (gap < MIN_GAP && MIN_GAP < MAX_GAP)
gap = MIN_GAP;
else if (gap > MAX_GAP)
gap = MAX_GAP;
return PAGE_ALIGN(STACK_TOP - gap - rnd);
#endif
}
void arch_pick_mmap_layout(struct mm_struct *mm, struct rlimit *rlim_stack)
{
unsigned long random_factor = 0 UL;
if (current->flags & PF_RANDOMIZE)
random_factor = arch_mmap_rnd();
if (mmap_is_legacy(rlim_stack)) {
mm->mmap_base = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE + random_factor;
clear_bit(MMF_TOPDOWN, &mm->flags);
} else {
mm->mmap_base = mmap_base(random_factor, rlim_stack);
set_bit(MMF_TOPDOWN, &mm->flags);
}
}
#elif defined (CONFIG_MMU) && !defined (HAVE_ARCH_PICK_MMAP_LAYOUT)
void arch_pick_mmap_layout(struct mm_struct *mm, struct rlimit *rlim_stack)
{
mm->mmap_base = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE;
clear_bit(MMF_TOPDOWN, &mm->flags);
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(arch_pick_mmap_layout);
#endif
/**
* _ _ account_locked_vm - account locked pages to an mm ' s locked_vm
* @ mm : mm to account against
* @ pages : number of pages to account
* @ inc : % true if @ pages should be considered positive , % false if not
* @ task : task used to check RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
* @ bypass_rlim : % true if checking RLIMIT_MEMLOCK should be skipped
*
* Assumes @ task and @ mm are valid ( i . e . at least one reference on each ) , and
* that mmap_lock is held as writer .
*
* Return :
* * 0 on success
* * - ENOMEM if RLIMIT_MEMLOCK would be exceeded .
*/
int __account_locked_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pages, bool inc,
struct task_struct *task, bool bypass_rlim)
{
unsigned long locked_vm, limit;
int ret = 0 ;
mmap_assert_write_locked(mm);
locked_vm = mm->locked_vm;
if (inc) {
if (!bypass_rlim) {
limit = task_rlimit(task, RLIMIT_MEMLOCK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (locked_vm + pages > limit)
ret = -ENOMEM;
}
if (!ret)
mm->locked_vm = locked_vm + pages;
} else {
WARN_ON_ONCE(pages > locked_vm);
mm->locked_vm = locked_vm - pages;
}
pr_debug("%s: [%d] caller %ps %c%lu %lu/%lu%s\n" , __func__, task->pid,
(void *)_RET_IP_, (inc) ? '+' : '-' , pages << PAGE_SHIFT,
locked_vm << PAGE_SHIFT, task_rlimit(task, RLIMIT_MEMLOCK),
ret ? " - exceeded" : "" );
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__account_locked_vm);
/**
* account_locked_vm - account locked pages to an mm ' s locked_vm
* @ mm : mm to account against , may be NULL
* @ pages : number of pages to account
* @ inc : % true if @ pages should be considered positive , % false if not
*
* Assumes a non - NULL @ mm is valid ( i . e . at least one reference on it ) .
*
* Return :
* * 0 on success , or if mm is NULL
* * - ENOMEM if RLIMIT_MEMLOCK would be exceeded .
*/
int account_locked_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pages, bool inc)
{
int ret;
if (pages == 0 || !mm)
return 0 ;
mmap_write_lock(mm);
ret = __account_locked_vm(mm, pages, inc, current,
capable(CAP_IPC_LOCK));
mmap_write_unlock(mm);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(account_locked_vm);
unsigned long vm_mmap_pgoff(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long len, unsigned long prot,
unsigned long flag, unsigned long pgoff)
{
loff_t off = (loff_t)pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long ret;
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
unsigned long populate;
LIST_HEAD(uf);
ret = security_mmap_file(file, prot, flag);
if (!ret)
ret = fsnotify_mmap_perm(file, prot, off, len);
if (!ret) {
if (mmap_write_lock_killable(mm))
return -EINTR;
ret = do_mmap(file, addr, len, prot, flag, 0 , pgoff, &populate,
&uf);
mmap_write_unlock(mm);
userfaultfd_unmap_complete(mm, &uf);
if (populate)
mm_populate(ret, populate);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Perform a userland memory mapping into the current process address space . See
* the comment for do_mmap ( ) for more details on this operation in general .
*
* This differs from do_mmap ( ) in that :
*
* a . An offset parameter is provided rather than pgoff , which is both checked
* for overflow and page alignment .
* b . mmap locking is performed on the caller ' s behalf .
* c . Userfaultfd unmap events and memory population are handled .
*
* This means that this function performs essentially the same work as if
* userland were invoking mmap ( 2 ) .
*
* Returns either an error , or the address at which the requested mapping has
* been performed .
*/
unsigned long vm_mmap(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long len, unsigned long prot,
unsigned long flag, unsigned long offset)
{
if (unlikely(offset + PAGE_ALIGN(len) < offset))
return -EINVAL;
if (unlikely(offset_in_page(offset)))
return -EINVAL;
return vm_mmap_pgoff(file, addr, len, prot, flag, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_mmap);
/**
* _ _ vmalloc_array - allocate memory for a virtually contiguous array .
* @ n : number of elements .
* @ size : element size .
* @ flags : the type of memory to allocate ( see kmalloc ) .
*/
void *__vmalloc_array_noprof(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
size_t bytes;
if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &bytes)))
return NULL;
return __vmalloc_noprof(bytes, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vmalloc_array_noprof);
/**
* vmalloc_array - allocate memory for a virtually contiguous array .
* @ n : number of elements .
* @ size : element size .
*/
void *vmalloc_array_noprof(size_t n, size_t size)
{
return __vmalloc_array_noprof(n, size, GFP_KERNEL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_array_noprof);
/**
* _ _ vcalloc - allocate and zero memory for a virtually contiguous array .
* @ n : number of elements .
* @ size : element size .
* @ flags : the type of memory to allocate ( see kmalloc ) .
*/
void *__vcalloc_noprof(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
return __vmalloc_array_noprof(n, size, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__vcalloc_noprof);
/**
* vcalloc - allocate and zero memory for a virtually contiguous array .
* @ n : number of elements .
* @ size : element size .
*/
void *vcalloc_noprof(size_t n, size_t size)
{
return __vmalloc_array_noprof(n, size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vcalloc_noprof);
struct anon_vma *folio_anon_vma(const struct folio *folio)
{
unsigned long mapping = (unsigned long )folio->mapping;
if ((mapping & FOLIO_MAPPING_FLAGS) != FOLIO_MAPPING_ANON)
return NULL;
return (void *)(mapping - FOLIO_MAPPING_ANON);
}
/**
* folio_mapping - Find the mapping where this folio is stored .
* @ folio : The folio .
*
* For folios which are in the page cache , return the mapping that this
* page belongs to . Folios in the swap cache return the swap mapping
* this page is stored in ( which is different from the mapping for the
* swap file or swap device where the data is stored ) .
*
* You can call this for folios which aren ' t in the swap cache or page
* cache and it will return NULL .
*/
struct address_space *folio_mapping(struct folio *folio)
{
struct address_space *mapping;
/* This happens if someone calls flush_dcache_page on slab page */
if (unlikely(folio_test_slab(folio)))
return NULL;
if (unlikely(folio_test_swapcache(folio)))
return swap_address_space(folio->swap);
mapping = folio->mapping;
if ((unsigned long )mapping & FOLIO_MAPPING_FLAGS)
return NULL;
return mapping;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_mapping);
/**
* folio_copy - Copy the contents of one folio to another .
* @ dst : Folio to copy to .
* @ src : Folio to copy from .
*
* The bytes in the folio represented by @ src are copied to @ dst .
* Assumes the caller has validated that @ dst is at least as large as @ src .
* Can be called in atomic context for order - 0 folios , but if the folio is
* larger , it may sleep .
*/
void folio_copy(struct folio *dst, struct folio *src)
{
long i = 0 ;
long nr = folio_nr_pages(src);
for (;;) {
copy_highpage(folio_page(dst, i), folio_page(src, i));
if (++i == nr)
break ;
cond_resched();
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_copy);
int folio_mc_copy(struct folio *dst, struct folio *src)
{
long nr = folio_nr_pages(src);
long i = 0 ;
for (;;) {
if (copy_mc_highpage(folio_page(dst, i), folio_page(src, i)))
return -EHWPOISON;
if (++i == nr)
break ;
cond_resched();
}
return 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_mc_copy);
int sysctl_overcommit_memory __read_mostly = OVERCOMMIT_GUESS;
static int sysctl_overcommit_ratio __read_mostly = 50 ;
static unsigned long sysctl_overcommit_kbytes __read_mostly;
int sysctl_max_map_count __read_mostly = DEFAULT_MAX_MAP_COUNT;
unsigned long sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes __read_mostly = 1 UL << 17 ; /* 128MB */
unsigned long sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes __read_mostly = 1 UL << 13 ; /* 8MB */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
static int overcommit_ratio_handler(const struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
ret = proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (ret == 0 && write)
sysctl_overcommit_kbytes = 0 ;
return ret;
}
static void sync_overcommit_as(struct work_struct *dummy)
{
percpu_counter_sync(&vm_committed_as);
}
static int overcommit_policy_handler(const struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct ctl_table t;
int new_policy = -1 ;
int ret;
/*
* The deviation of sync_overcommit_as could be big with loose policy
* like OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS / OVERCOMMIT_GUESS . When changing policy to
* strict OVERCOMMIT_NEVER , we need to reduce the deviation to comply
* with the strict " NEVER " , and to avoid possible race condition ( even
* though user usually won ' t too frequently do the switching to policy
* OVERCOMMIT_NEVER ) , the switch is done in the following order :
* 1 . changing the batch
* 2 . sync percpu count on each CPU
* 3 . switch the policy
*/
if (write) {
t = *table;
t.data = &new_policy;
ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(&t, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (ret || new_policy == -1 )
return ret;
mm_compute_batch(new_policy);
if (new_policy == OVERCOMMIT_NEVER)
schedule_on_each_cpu(sync_overcommit_as);
sysctl_overcommit_memory = new_policy;
} else {
ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
}
return ret;
}
static int overcommit_kbytes_handler(const struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
ret = proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (ret == 0 && write)
sysctl_overcommit_ratio = 0 ;
return ret;
}
static const struct ctl_table util_sysctl_table[] = {
{
.procname = "overcommit_memory" ,
.data = &sysctl_overcommit_memory,
.maxlen = sizeof (sysctl_overcommit_memory),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = overcommit_policy_handler,
.extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
.extra2 = SYSCTL_TWO,
},
{
.procname = "overcommit_ratio" ,
.data = &sysctl_overcommit_ratio,
.maxlen = sizeof (sysctl_overcommit_ratio),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = overcommit_ratio_handler,
},
{
.procname = "overcommit_kbytes" ,
.data = &sysctl_overcommit_kbytes,
.maxlen = sizeof (sysctl_overcommit_kbytes),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = overcommit_kbytes_handler,
},
{
.procname = "user_reserve_kbytes" ,
.data = &sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes,
.maxlen = sizeof (sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
},
{
.procname = "admin_reserve_kbytes" ,
.data = &sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes,
.maxlen = sizeof (sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
},
};
static int __init init_vm_util_sysctls(void )
{
register_sysctl_init("vm" , util_sysctl_table);
return 0 ;
}
subsys_initcall(init_vm_util_sysctls);
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
/*
* Committed memory limit enforced when OVERCOMMIT_NEVER policy is used
*/
unsigned long vm_commit_limit(void )
{
unsigned long allowed;
if (sysctl_overcommit_kbytes)
allowed = sysctl_overcommit_kbytes >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10 );
else
allowed = ((totalram_pages() - hugetlb_total_pages())
* sysctl_overcommit_ratio / 100 );
allowed += total_swap_pages;
return allowed;
}
/*
* Make sure vm_committed_as in one cacheline and not cacheline shared with
* other variables . It can be updated by several CPUs frequently .
*/
struct percpu_counter vm_committed_as ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
/*
* The global memory commitment made in the system can be a metric
* that can be used to drive ballooning decisions when Linux is hosted
* as a guest . On Hyper - V , the host implements a policy engine for dynamically
* balancing memory across competing virtual machines that are hosted .
* Several metrics drive this policy engine including the guest reported
* memory commitment .
*
* The time cost of this is very low for small platforms , and for big
* platform like a 2 S / 36 C / 72 T Skylake server , in worst case where
* vm_committed_as ' s spinlock is under severe contention , the time cost
* could be about 30 ~ 40 microseconds .
*/
unsigned long vm_memory_committed(void )
{
return percpu_counter_sum_positive(&vm_committed_as);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vm_memory_committed);
/*
* Check that a process has enough memory to allocate a new virtual
* mapping . 0 means there is enough memory for the allocation to
* succeed and - ENOMEM implies there is not .
*
* We currently support three overcommit policies , which are set via the
* vm . overcommit_memory sysctl . See Documentation / mm / overcommit - accounting . rst
*
* Strict overcommit modes added 2002 Feb 26 by Alan Cox .
* Additional code 2002 Jul 20 by Robert Love .
*
* cap_sys_admin is 1 if the process has admin privileges , 0 otherwise .
*
* Note this is a helper function intended to be used by LSMs which
* wish to use this logic .
*/
int __vm_enough_memory(struct mm_struct *mm, long pages, int cap_sys_admin)
{
long allowed;
unsigned long bytes_failed;
vm_acct_memory(pages);
/*
* Sometimes we want to use more memory than we have
*/
if (sysctl_overcommit_memory == OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS)
return 0 ;
if (sysctl_overcommit_memory == OVERCOMMIT_GUESS) {
if (pages > totalram_pages() + total_swap_pages)
goto error;
return 0 ;
}
allowed = vm_commit_limit();
/*
* Reserve some for root
*/
if (!cap_sys_admin)
allowed -= sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10 );
/*
* Don ' t let a single process grow so big a user can ' t recover
*/
if (mm) {
long reserve = sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10 );
allowed -= min_t(long , mm->total_vm / 32 , reserve);
}
if (percpu_counter_read_positive(&vm_committed_as) < allowed)
return 0 ;
error:
bytes_failed = pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
pr_warn_ratelimited("%s: pid: %d, comm: %s, bytes: %lu not enough memory for the allocation\n" ,
__func__, current->pid, current->comm, bytes_failed);
vm_unacct_memory(pages);
return -ENOMEM;
}
/**
* get_cmdline ( ) - copy the cmdline value to a buffer .
* @ task : the task whose cmdline value to copy .
* @ buffer : the buffer to copy to .
* @ buflen : the length of the buffer . Larger cmdline values are truncated
* to this length .
*
* Return : the size of the cmdline field copied . Note that the copy does
* not guarantee an ending NULL byte .
*/
int get_cmdline(struct task_struct *task, char *buffer, int buflen)
{
int res = 0 ;
unsigned int len;
struct mm_struct *mm = get_task_mm(task);
unsigned long arg_start, arg_end, env_start, env_end;
if (!mm)
goto out;
if (!mm->arg_end)
goto out_mm; /* Shh! No looking before we're done */
spin_lock(&mm->arg_lock);
arg_start = mm->arg_start;
arg_end = mm->arg_end;
env_start = mm->env_start;
env_end = mm->env_end;
spin_unlock(&mm->arg_lock);
len = arg_end - arg_start;
if (len > buflen)
len = buflen;
res = access_process_vm(task, arg_start, buffer, len, FOLL_FORCE);
/*
* If the nul at the end of args has been overwritten , then
* assume application is using setproctitle ( 3 ) .
*/
if (res > 0 && buffer[res-1 ] != '\0' && len < buflen) {
len = strnlen(buffer, res);
if (len < res) {
res = len;
} else {
len = env_end - env_start;
if (len > buflen - res)
len = buflen - res;
res += access_process_vm(task, env_start,
buffer+res, len,
FOLL_FORCE);
res = strnlen(buffer, res);
}
}
out_mm:
mmput(mm);
out:
return res;
}
int __weak memcmp_pages(struct page *page1, struct page *page2)
{
char *addr1, *addr2;
int ret;
addr1 = kmap_local_page(page1);
addr2 = kmap_local_page(page2);
ret = memcmp(addr1, addr2, PAGE_SIZE);
kunmap_local(addr2);
kunmap_local(addr1);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
/**
* mem_dump_obj - Print available provenance information
* @ object : object for which to find provenance information .
*
* This function uses pr_cont ( ) , so that the caller is expected to have
* printed out whatever preamble is appropriate . The provenance information
* depends on the type of object and on how much debugging is enabled .
* For example , for a slab - cache object , the slab name is printed , and ,
* if available , the return address and stack trace from the allocation
* and last free path of that object .
*/
void mem_dump_obj(void *object)
{
const char *type;
if (kmem_dump_obj(object))
return ;
if (vmalloc_dump_obj(object))
return ;
if (is_vmalloc_addr(object))
type = "vmalloc memory" ;
else if (virt_addr_valid(object))
type = "non-slab/vmalloc memory" ;
else if (object == NULL)
type = "NULL pointer" ;
else if (object == ZERO_SIZE_PTR)
type = "zero-size pointer" ;
else
type = "non-paged memory" ;
pr_cont(" %s\n" , type);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mem_dump_obj);
#endif
/*
* A driver might set a page logically offline - - PageOffline ( ) - - and
* turn the page inaccessible in the hypervisor ; after that , access to page
* content can be fatal .
*
* Some special PFN walkers - - i . e . , / proc / kcore - - read content of random
* pages after checking PageOffline ( ) ; however , these PFN walkers can race
* with drivers that set PageOffline ( ) .
*
* page_offline_freeze ( ) / page_offline_thaw ( ) allows for a subsystem to
* synchronize with such drivers , achieving that a page cannot be set
* PageOffline ( ) while frozen .
*
* page_offline_begin ( ) / page_offline_end ( ) is used by drivers that care about
* such races when setting a page PageOffline ( ) .
*/
static DECLARE_RWSEM(page_offline_rwsem);
void page_offline_freeze(void )
{
down_read(&page_offline_rwsem);
}
void page_offline_thaw(void )
{
up_read(&page_offline_rwsem);
}
void page_offline_begin(void )
{
down_write(&page_offline_rwsem);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_offline_begin);
void page_offline_end(void )
{
up_write(&page_offline_rwsem);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_offline_end);
#ifndef flush_dcache_folio
void flush_dcache_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
long i, nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
for (i = 0 ; i < nr; i++)
flush_dcache_page(folio_page(folio, i));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_dcache_folio);
#endif
/**
* compat_vma_mmap_prepare ( ) - Apply the file ' s . mmap_prepare ( ) hook to an
* existing VMA
* @ file : The file which possesss an f_op - > mmap_prepare ( ) hook
* @ vma : The VMA to apply the . mmap_prepare ( ) hook to .
*
* Ordinarily , . mmap_prepare ( ) is invoked directly upon mmap ( ) . However , certain
* ' wrapper ' file systems invoke a nested mmap hook of an underlying file .
*
* Until all filesystems are converted to use . mmap_prepare ( ) , we must be
* conservative and continue to invoke these ' wrapper ' filesystems using the
* deprecated . mmap ( ) hook .
*
* However we have a problem if the underlying file system possesses an
* . mmap_prepare ( ) hook , as we are in a different context when we invoke the
* . mmap ( ) hook , already having a VMA to deal with .
*
* compat_vma_mmap_prepare ( ) is a compatibility function that takes VMA state ,
* establishes a struct vm_area_desc descriptor , passes to the underlying
* . mmap_prepare ( ) hook and applies any changes performed by it .
*
* Once the conversion of filesystems is complete this function will no longer
* be required and will be removed .
*
* Returns : 0 on success or error .
*/
int compat_vma_mmap_prepare(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
struct vm_area_desc desc;
int err;
err = file->f_op->mmap_prepare(vma_to_desc(vma, &desc));
if (err)
return err;
set_vma_from_desc(vma, &desc);
return 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(compat_vma_mmap_prepare);
static void set_ps_flags(struct page_snapshot *ps, const struct folio *folio,
const struct page *page)
{
/*
* Only the first page of a high - order buddy page has PageBuddy ( ) set .
* So we have to check manually whether this page is part of a high -
* order buddy page .
*/
if (PageBuddy(page))
ps->flags |= PAGE_SNAPSHOT_PG_BUDDY;
else if (page_count(page) == 0 && is_free_buddy_page(page))
ps->flags |= PAGE_SNAPSHOT_PG_BUDDY;
if (folio_test_idle(folio))
ps->flags |= PAGE_SNAPSHOT_PG_IDLE;
}
/**
* snapshot_page ( ) - Create a snapshot of a struct page
* @ ps : Pointer to a struct page_snapshot to store the page snapshot
* @ page : The page to snapshot
*
* Create a snapshot of the page and store both its struct page and struct
* folio representations in @ ps .
*
* A snapshot is marked as " faithful " if the compound state of @ page was
* stable and allowed safe reconstruction of the folio representation . In
* rare cases where this is not possible ( e . g . due to folio splitting ) ,
* snapshot_page ( ) falls back to treating @ page as a single page and the
* snapshot is marked as " unfaithful " . The snapshot_page_is_faithful ( )
* helper can be used to check for this condition .
*/
void snapshot_page(struct page_snapshot *ps, const struct page *page)
{
unsigned long head, nr_pages = 1 ;
struct folio *foliop;
int loops = 5 ;
ps->pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
ps->flags = PAGE_SNAPSHOT_FAITHFUL;
again:
memset(&ps->folio_snapshot, 0 , sizeof (struct folio));
memcpy(&ps->page_snapshot, page, sizeof (*page));
head = ps->page_snapshot.compound_head;
if ((head & 1 ) == 0 ) {
ps->idx = 0 ;
foliop = (struct folio *)&ps->page_snapshot;
if (!folio_test_large(foliop)) {
set_ps_flags(ps, page_folio(page), page);
memcpy(&ps->folio_snapshot, foliop,
sizeof (struct page));
return ;
}
foliop = (struct folio *)page;
} else {
foliop = (struct folio *)(head - 1 );
ps->idx = folio_page_idx(foliop, page);
}
if (ps->idx < MAX_FOLIO_NR_PAGES) {
memcpy(&ps->folio_snapshot, foliop, 2 * sizeof (struct page));
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(&ps->folio_snapshot);
if (nr_pages > 1 )
memcpy(&ps->folio_snapshot.__page_2, &foliop->__page_2,
sizeof (struct page));
set_ps_flags(ps, foliop, page);
}
if (ps->idx > nr_pages) {
if (loops-- > 0 )
goto again;
clear_compound_head(&ps->page_snapshot);
foliop = (struct folio *)&ps->page_snapshot;
memcpy(&ps->folio_snapshot, foliop, sizeof (struct page));
ps->flags = 0 ;
ps->idx = 0 ;
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
/**
* folio_pte_batch - detect a PTE batch for a large folio
* @ folio : The large folio to detect a PTE batch for .
* @ ptep : Page table pointer for the first entry .
* @ pte : Page table entry for the first page .
* @ max_nr : The maximum number of table entries to consider .
*
* This is a simplified variant of folio_pte_batch_flags ( ) .
*
* Detect a PTE batch : consecutive ( present ) PTEs that map consecutive
* pages of the same large folio in a single VMA and a single page table .
*
* All PTEs inside a PTE batch have the same PTE bits set , excluding the PFN ,
* the accessed bit , writable bit , dirt - bit and soft - dirty bit .
*
* ptep must map any page of the folio . max_nr must be at least one and
* must be limited by the caller so scanning cannot exceed a single VMA and
* a single page table .
*
* Return : the number of table entries in the batch .
*/
unsigned int folio_pte_batch(struct folio *folio, pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte,
unsigned int max_nr)
{
return folio_pte_batch_flags(folio, NULL, ptep, &pte, max_nr, 0 );
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
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*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-10-10
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