// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* linux / mm / memory . c
*
* Copyright ( C ) 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 Linus Torvalds
*/
/*
* demand - loading started 01 . 12 . 91 - seems it is high on the list of
* things wanted , and it should be easy to implement . - Linus
*/
/*
* Ok , demand - loading was easy , shared pages a little bit tricker . Shared
* pages started 02 . 12 . 91 , seems to work . - Linus .
*
* Tested sharing by executing about 30 / bin / sh : under the old kernel it
* would have taken more than the 6 M I have free , but it worked well as
* far as I could see .
*
* Also corrected some " invalidate ( ) " s - I wasn ' t doing enough of them .
*/
/*
* Real VM ( paging to / from disk ) started 18 . 12 . 91 . Much more work and
* thought has to go into this . Oh , well . .
* 19 . 12 . 91 - works , somewhat . Sometimes I get faults , don ' t know why .
* Found it . Everything seems to work now .
* 20 . 12 . 91 - Ok , making the swap - device changeable like the root .
*/
/*
* 05 . 04 . 94 - Multi - page memory management added for v1 . 1 .
* Idea by Alex Bligh ( alex @ cconcepts . co . uk )
*
* 16 . 07 . 99 - Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert , Siemens AG
* ( Gerhard . Wichert @ pdb . siemens . de )
*
* Aug / Sep 2004 Changed to four level page tables ( Andi Kleen )
*/
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/numa_balancing.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/memremap.h>
#include <linux/kmsan.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/memory-tiers.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
#include <linux/dax.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/numa.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
#include <trace/events/kmem.h>
#include <asm /io.h>
#include <asm /mmu_context.h>
#include <asm /pgalloc.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm /tlb.h>
#include <asm /tlbflush.h>
#include "pgalloc-track.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "swap.h"
#if defined (LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS) && !defined (CONFIG_COMPILE_TEST)
#warning Unfortunate NUMA and NUMA Balancing config, growing page-frame for last_cpupid.
#endif
static vm_fault_t do_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf);
static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf);
static bool vmf_pte_changed(struct vm_fault *vmf);
/*
* Return true if the original pte was a uffd - wp pte marker ( so the pte was
* wr - protected ) .
*/
static __always_inline bool vmf_orig_pte_uffd_wp(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
if (!userfaultfd_wp(vmf->vma))
return false ;
if (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID))
return false ;
return pte_marker_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte);
}
/*
* Randomize the address space ( stacks , mmaps , brk , etc . ) .
*
* ( When CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK = y we exclude brk from randomization ,
* as ancient ( libc5 based ) binaries can segfault . )
*/
int randomize_va_space __read_mostly =
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK
1 ;
#else
2 ;
#endif
static const struct ctl_table mmu_sysctl_table[] = {
{
.procname = "randomize_va_space" ,
.data = &randomize_va_space,
.maxlen = sizeof (int ),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = proc_dointvec,
},
};
static int __init init_mm_sysctl(void )
{
register_sysctl_init("kernel" , mmu_sysctl_table);
return 0 ;
}
subsys_initcall(init_mm_sysctl);
#ifndef arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte
static inline bool arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte(void )
{
/*
* Transitioning a PTE from ' old ' to ' young ' can be expensive on
* some architectures , even if it ' s performed in hardware . By
* default , " false " means prefaulted entries will be ' young ' .
*/
return false ;
}
#endif
static int __init disable_randmaps(char *s)
{
randomize_va_space = 0 ;
return 1 ;
}
__setup("norandmaps" , disable_randmaps);
unsigned long zero_pfn __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(zero_pfn);
unsigned long highest_memmap_pfn __read_mostly;
/*
* CONFIG_MMU architectures set up ZERO_PAGE in their paging_init ( )
*/
static int __init init_zero_pfn(void )
{
zero_pfn = page_to_pfn(ZERO_PAGE(0 ));
return 0 ;
}
early_initcall(init_zero_pfn);
void mm_trace_rss_stat(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
trace_rss_stat(mm, member);
}
/*
* Note : this doesn ' t free the actual pages themselves . That
* has been handled earlier when unmapping all the memory regions .
*/
static void free_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr)
{
pgtable_t token = pmd_pgtable(*pmd);
pmd_clear(pmd);
pte_free_tlb(tlb, token, addr);
mm_dec_nr_ptes(tlb->mm);
}
static inline void free_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pud_t *pud,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long start;
start = addr;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
do {
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
continue ;
free_pte_range(tlb, pmd, addr);
} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
start &= PUD_MASK;
if (start < floor)
return ;
if (ceiling) {
ceiling &= PUD_MASK;
if (!ceiling)
return ;
}
if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1 )
return ;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, start);
pud_clear(pud);
pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmd, start);
mm_dec_nr_pmds(tlb->mm);
}
static inline void free_pud_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, p4d_t *p4d,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long start;
start = addr;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
continue ;
free_pmd_range(tlb, pud, addr, next, floor, ceiling);
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
start &= P4D_MASK;
if (start < floor)
return ;
if (ceiling) {
ceiling &= P4D_MASK;
if (!ceiling)
return ;
}
if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1 )
return ;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, start);
p4d_clear(p4d);
pud_free_tlb(tlb, pud, start);
mm_dec_nr_puds(tlb->mm);
}
static inline void free_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pgd_t *pgd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling)
{
p4d_t *p4d;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long start;
start = addr;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
continue ;
free_pud_range(tlb, p4d, addr, next, floor, ceiling);
} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
start &= PGDIR_MASK;
if (start < floor)
return ;
if (ceiling) {
ceiling &= PGDIR_MASK;
if (!ceiling)
return ;
}
if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1 )
return ;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, start);
pgd_clear(pgd);
p4d_free_tlb(tlb, p4d, start);
}
/**
* free_pgd_range - Unmap and free page tables in the range
* @ tlb : the mmu_gather containing pending TLB flush info
* @ addr : virtual address start
* @ end : virtual address end
* @ floor : lowest address boundary
* @ ceiling : highest address boundary
*
* This function tears down all user - level page tables in the
* specified virtual address range [ @ addr . . @ end ) . It is part of
* the memory unmap flow .
*/
void free_pgd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long next;
/*
* The next few lines have given us lots of grief . . .
*
* Why are we testing PMD * at this top level ? Because often
* there will be no work to do at all , and we ' d prefer not to
* go all the way down to the bottom just to discover that .
*
* Why all these " - 1 " s ? Because 0 represents both the bottom
* of the address space and the top of it ( using - 1 for the
* top wouldn ' t help much : the masks would do the wrong thing ) .
* The rule is that addr 0 and floor 0 refer to the bottom of
* the address space , but end 0 and ceiling 0 refer to the top
* Comparisons need to use " end - 1 " and " ceiling - 1 " ( though
* that end 0 case should be mythical ) .
*
* Wherever addr is brought up or ceiling brought down , we must
* be careful to reject " the opposite 0 " before it confuses the
* subsequent tests . But what about where end is brought down
* by PMD_SIZE below ? no , end can ' t go down to 0 there .
*
* Whereas we round start ( addr ) and ceiling down , by different
* masks at different levels , in order to test whether a table
* now has no other vmas using it , so can be freed , we don ' t
* bother to round floor or end up - the tests don ' t need that .
*/
addr &= PMD_MASK;
if (addr < floor) {
addr += PMD_SIZE;
if (!addr)
return ;
}
if (ceiling) {
ceiling &= PMD_MASK;
if (!ceiling)
return ;
}
if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1 )
end -= PMD_SIZE;
if (addr > end - 1 )
return ;
/*
* We add page table cache pages with PAGE_SIZE ,
* ( see pte_free_tlb ( ) ) , flush the tlb if we need
*/
tlb_change_page_size(tlb, PAGE_SIZE);
pgd = pgd_offset(tlb->mm, addr);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
continue ;
free_p4d_range(tlb, pgd, addr, next, floor, ceiling);
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
}
void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long floor,
unsigned long ceiling, bool mm_wr_locked)
{
struct unlink_vma_file_batch vb;
tlb_free_vmas(tlb);
do {
unsigned long addr = vma->vm_start;
struct vm_area_struct *next;
/*
* Note : USER_PGTABLES_CEILING may be passed as ceiling and may
* be 0 . This will underflow and is okay .
*/
next = mas_find(mas, ceiling - 1 );
if (unlikely(xa_is_zero(next)))
next = NULL;
/*
* Hide vma from rmap and truncate_pagecache before freeing
* pgtables
*/
if (mm_wr_locked)
vma_start_write(vma);
unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
unlink_file_vma_batch_init(&vb);
unlink_file_vma_batch_add(&vb, vma);
/*
* Optimization : gather nearby vmas into one call down
*/
while (next && next->vm_start <= vma->vm_end + PMD_SIZE) {
vma = next;
next = mas_find(mas, ceiling - 1 );
if (unlikely(xa_is_zero(next)))
next = NULL;
if (mm_wr_locked)
vma_start_write(vma);
unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
unlink_file_vma_batch_add(&vb, vma);
}
unlink_file_vma_batch_final(&vb);
free_pgd_range(tlb, addr, vma->vm_end,
floor, next ? next->vm_start : ceiling);
vma = next;
} while (vma);
}
void pmd_install(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, pgtable_t *pte)
{
spinlock_t *ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
if (likely(pmd_none(*pmd))) { /* Has another populated it ? */
mm_inc_nr_ptes(mm);
/*
* Ensure all pte setup ( eg . pte page lock and page clearing ) are
* visible before the pte is made visible to other CPUs by being
* put into page tables .
*
* The other side of the story is the pointer chasing in the page
* table walking code ( when walking the page table without locking ;
* ie . most of the time ) . Fortunately , these data accesses consist
* of a chain of data - dependent loads , meaning most CPUs ( alpha
* being the notable exception ) will already guarantee loads are
* seen in - order . See the alpha page table accessors for the
* smp_rmb ( ) barriers in page table walking code .
*/
smp_wmb(); /* Could be smp_wmb__xxx(before|after)_spin_lock */
pmd_populate(mm, pmd, *pte);
*pte = NULL;
}
spin_unlock(ptl);
}
int __pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
pgtable_t new = pte_alloc_one(mm);
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
pmd_install(mm, pmd, &new );
if (new )
pte_free(mm, new );
return 0 ;
}
int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd)
{
pte_t *new = pte_alloc_one_kernel(&init_mm);
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
if (likely(pmd_none(*pmd))) { /* Has another populated it ? */
smp_wmb(); /* See comment in pmd_install() */
pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, new );
new = NULL;
}
spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
if (new )
pte_free_kernel(&init_mm, new );
return 0 ;
}
static inline void init_rss_vec(int *rss)
{
memset(rss, 0 , sizeof (int ) * NR_MM_COUNTERS);
}
static inline void add_mm_rss_vec(struct mm_struct *mm, int *rss)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < NR_MM_COUNTERS; i++)
if (rss[i])
add_mm_counter(mm, i, rss[i]);
}
/*
* This function is called to print an error when a bad pte
* is found . For example , we might have a PFN - mapped pte in
* a region that doesn ' t allow it .
*
* The calling function must still handle the error .
*/
static void print_bad_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
pte_t pte, struct page *page)
{
pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
struct address_space *mapping;
pgoff_t index;
static unsigned long resume;
static unsigned long nr_shown;
static unsigned long nr_unshown;
/*
* Allow a burst of 60 reports , then keep quiet for that minute ;
* or allow a steady drip of one report per second .
*/
if (nr_shown == 60 ) {
if (time_before(jiffies, resume)) {
nr_unshown++;
return ;
}
if (nr_unshown) {
pr_alert("BUG: Bad page map: %lu messages suppressed\n" ,
nr_unshown);
nr_unshown = 0 ;
}
nr_shown = 0 ;
}
if (nr_shown++ == 0 )
resume = jiffies + 60 * HZ;
mapping = vma->vm_file ? vma->vm_file->f_mapping : NULL;
index = linear_page_index(vma, addr);
pr_alert("BUG: Bad page map in process %s pte:%08llx pmd:%08llx\n" ,
current->comm,
(long long )pte_val(pte), (long long )pmd_val(*pmd));
if (page)
dump_page(page, "bad pte" );
pr_alert("addr:%px vm_flags:%08lx anon_vma:%px mapping:%px index:%lx\n" ,
(void *)addr, vma->vm_flags, vma->anon_vma, mapping, index);
pr_alert("file:%pD fault:%ps mmap:%ps mmap_prepare: %ps read_folio:%ps\n" ,
vma->vm_file,
vma->vm_ops ? vma->vm_ops->fault : NULL,
vma->vm_file ? vma->vm_file->f_op->mmap : NULL,
vma->vm_file ? vma->vm_file->f_op->mmap_prepare : NULL,
mapping ? mapping->a_ops->read_folio : NULL);
dump_stack();
add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
}
/*
* vm_normal_page - - This function gets the " struct page " associated with a pte .
*
* " Special " mappings do not wish to be associated with a " struct page " ( either
* it doesn ' t exist , or it exists but they don ' t want to touch it ) . In this
* case , NULL is returned here . " Normal " mappings do have a struct page .
*
* There are 2 broad cases . Firstly , an architecture may define a pte_special ( )
* pte bit , in which case this function is trivial . Secondly , an architecture
* may not have a spare pte bit , which requires a more complicated scheme ,
* described below .
*
* A raw VM_PFNMAP mapping ( ie . one that is not COWed ) is always considered a
* special mapping ( even if there are underlying and valid " struct pages " ) .
* COWed pages of a VM_PFNMAP are always normal .
*
* The way we recognize COWed pages within VM_PFNMAP mappings is through the
* rules set up by " remap_pfn_range ( ) " : the vma will have the VM_PFNMAP bit
* set , and the vm_pgoff will point to the first PFN mapped : thus every special
* mapping will always honor the rule
*
* pfn_of_page = = vma - > vm_pgoff + ( ( addr - vma - > vm_start ) > > PAGE_SHIFT )
*
* And for normal mappings this is false .
*
* This restricts such mappings to be a linear translation from virtual address
* to pfn . To get around this restriction , we allow arbitrary mappings so long
* as the vma is not a COW mapping ; in that case , we know that all ptes are
* special ( because none can have been COWed ) .
*
*
* In order to support COW of arbitrary special mappings , we have VM_MIXEDMAP .
*
* VM_MIXEDMAP mappings can likewise contain memory with or without " struct
* page " backing , however the difference is that _ all_ pages with a struct
* page ( that is , those where pfn_valid is true ) are refcounted and considered
* normal pages by the VM . The only exception are zeropages , which are
* * never * refcounted .
*
* The disadvantage is that pages are refcounted ( which can be slower and
* simply not an option for some PFNMAP users ) . The advantage is that we
* don ' t have to follow the strict linearity rule of PFNMAP mappings in
* order to support COWable mappings .
*
*/
struct page *vm_normal_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
pte_t pte)
{
unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL)) {
if (likely(!pte_special(pte)))
goto check_pfn;
if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->find_special_page)
return vma->vm_ops->find_special_page(vma, addr);
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP))
return NULL;
if (is_zero_pfn(pfn))
return NULL;
print_bad_pte(vma, addr, pte, NULL);
return NULL;
}
/* !CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL case follows: */
if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP))) {
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) {
if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
return NULL;
if (is_zero_pfn(pfn))
return NULL;
goto out;
} else {
unsigned long off;
off = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (pfn == vma->vm_pgoff + off)
return NULL;
if (!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags))
return NULL;
}
}
if (is_zero_pfn(pfn))
return NULL;
check_pfn:
if (unlikely(pfn > highest_memmap_pfn)) {
print_bad_pte(vma, addr, pte, NULL);
return NULL;
}
/*
* NOTE ! We still have PageReserved ( ) pages in the page tables .
* eg . VDSO mappings can cause them to exist .
*/
out:
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_zero_pfn(pfn));
return pfn_to_page(pfn);
}
struct folio *vm_normal_folio(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
pte_t pte)
{
struct page *page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pte);
if (page)
return page_folio(page);
return NULL;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PGTABLE_HAS_HUGE_LEAVES
struct page *vm_normal_page_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
pmd_t pmd)
{
unsigned long pfn = pmd_pfn(pmd);
/* Currently it's only used for huge pfnmaps */
if (unlikely(pmd_special(pmd)))
return NULL;
if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP))) {
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) {
if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
return NULL;
goto out;
} else {
unsigned long off;
off = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (pfn == vma->vm_pgoff + off)
return NULL;
if (!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags))
return NULL;
}
}
if (is_huge_zero_pfn(pfn))
return NULL;
if (unlikely(pfn > highest_memmap_pfn))
return NULL;
/*
* NOTE ! We still have PageReserved ( ) pages in the page tables .
* eg . VDSO mappings can cause them to exist .
*/
out:
return pfn_to_page(pfn);
}
struct folio *vm_normal_folio_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pmd_t pmd)
{
struct page *page = vm_normal_page_pmd(vma, addr, pmd);
if (page)
return page_folio(page);
return NULL;
}
#endif
/**
* restore_exclusive_pte - Restore a device - exclusive entry
* @ vma : VMA covering @ address
* @ folio : the mapped folio
* @ page : the mapped folio page
* @ address : the virtual address
* @ ptep : pte pointer into the locked page table mapping the folio page
* @ orig_pte : pte value at @ ptep
*
* Restore a device - exclusive non - swap entry to an ordinary present pte .
*
* The folio and the page table must be locked , and MMU notifiers must have
* been called to invalidate any ( exclusive ) device mappings .
*
* Locking the folio makes sure that anybody who just converted the pte to
* a device - exclusive entry can map it into the device to make forward
* progress without others converting it back until the folio was unlocked .
*
* If the folio lock ever becomes an issue , we can stop relying on the folio
* lock ; it might make some scenarios with heavy thrashing less likely to
* make forward progress , but these scenarios might not be valid use cases .
*
* Note that the folio lock does not protect against all cases of concurrent
* page table modifications ( e . g . , MADV_DONTNEED , mprotect ) , so device drivers
* must use MMU notifiers to sync against any concurrent changes .
*/
static void restore_exclusive_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
struct folio *folio, struct page *page, unsigned long address,
pte_t *ptep, pte_t orig_pte)
{
pte_t pte;
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
pte = pte_mkold(mk_pte(page, READ_ONCE(vma->vm_page_prot)));
if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(orig_pte))
pte = pte_mksoft_dirty(pte);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(orig_pte))
pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(pte);
if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) &&
can_change_pte_writable(vma, address, pte)) {
if (folio_test_dirty(folio))
pte = pte_mkdirty(pte);
pte = pte_mkwrite(pte, vma);
}
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, address, ptep, pte);
/*
* No need to invalidate - it was non - present before . However
* secondary CPUs may have mappings that need invalidating .
*/
update_mmu_cache(vma, address, ptep);
}
/*
* Tries to restore an exclusive pte if the page lock can be acquired without
* sleeping .
*/
static int try_restore_exclusive_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pte_t *ptep, pte_t orig_pte)
{
struct page *page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(pte_to_swp_entry(orig_pte));
struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
if (folio_trylock(folio)) {
restore_exclusive_pte(vma, folio, page, addr, ptep, orig_pte);
folio_unlock(folio);
return 0 ;
}
return -EBUSY;
}
/*
* copy one vm_area from one task to the other . Assumes the page tables
* already present in the new task to be cleared in the whole range
* covered by this vma .
*/
static unsigned long
copy_nonpresent_pte(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte, struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma,
struct vm_area_struct *src_vma, unsigned long addr, int *rss)
{
vm_flags_t vm_flags = dst_vma->vm_flags;
pte_t orig_pte = ptep_get(src_pte);
pte_t pte = orig_pte;
struct folio *folio;
struct page *page;
swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(orig_pte);
if (likely(!non_swap_entry(entry))) {
if (swap_duplicate(entry) < 0 )
return -EIO;
/* make sure dst_mm is on swapoff's mmlist. */
if (unlikely(list_empty(&dst_mm->mmlist))) {
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
if (list_empty(&dst_mm->mmlist))
list_add(&dst_mm->mmlist,
&src_mm->mmlist);
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
}
/* Mark the swap entry as shared. */
if (pte_swp_exclusive(orig_pte)) {
pte = pte_swp_clear_exclusive(orig_pte);
set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte);
}
rss[MM_SWAPENTS]++;
} else if (is_migration_entry(entry)) {
folio = pfn_swap_entry_folio(entry);
rss[mm_counter(folio)]++;
if (!is_readable_migration_entry(entry) &&
is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) {
/*
* COW mappings require pages in both parent and child
* to be set to read . A previously exclusive entry is
* now shared .
*/
entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(orig_pte))
pte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(pte);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(orig_pte))
pte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte);
}
} else if (is_device_private_entry(entry)) {
page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
folio = page_folio(page);
/*
* Update rss count even for unaddressable pages , as
* they should treated just like normal pages in this
* respect .
*
* We will likely want to have some new rss counters
* for unaddressable pages , at some point . But for now
* keep things as they are .
*/
folio_get(folio);
rss[mm_counter(folio)]++;
/* Cannot fail as these pages cannot get pinned. */
folio_try_dup_anon_rmap_pte(folio, page, dst_vma, src_vma);
/*
* We do not preserve soft - dirty information , because so
* far , checkpoint / restore is the only feature that
* requires that . And checkpoint / restore does not work
* when a device driver is involved ( you cannot easily
* save and restore device driver state ) .
*/
if (is_writable_device_private_entry(entry) &&
is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) {
entry = make_readable_device_private_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(orig_pte))
pte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte);
}
} else if (is_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) {
/*
* Make device exclusive entries present by restoring the
* original entry then copying as for a present pte . Device
* exclusive entries currently only support private writable
* ( ie . COW ) mappings .
*/
VM_BUG_ON(!is_cow_mapping(src_vma->vm_flags));
if (try_restore_exclusive_pte(src_vma, addr, src_pte, orig_pte))
return -EBUSY;
return -ENOENT;
} else if (is_pte_marker_entry(entry)) {
pte_marker marker = copy_pte_marker(entry, dst_vma);
if (marker)
set_pte_at(dst_mm, addr, dst_pte,
make_pte_marker(marker));
return 0 ;
}
if (!userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma))
pte = pte_swp_clear_uffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(dst_mm, addr, dst_pte, pte);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Copy a present and normal page .
*
* NOTE ! The usual case is that this isn ' t required ;
* instead , the caller can just increase the page refcount
* and re - use the pte the traditional way .
*
* And if we need a pre - allocated page but don ' t yet have
* one , return a negative error to let the preallocation
* code know so that it can do so outside the page table
* lock .
*/
static inline int
copy_present_page(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte, unsigned long addr, int *rss,
struct folio **prealloc, struct page *page)
{
struct folio *new_folio;
pte_t pte;
new_folio = *prealloc;
if (!new_folio)
return -EAGAIN;
/*
* We have a prealloc page , all good ! Take it
* over and copy the page & arm it .
*/
if (copy_mc_user_highpage(&new_folio->page, page, addr, src_vma))
return -EHWPOISON;
*prealloc = NULL;
__folio_mark_uptodate(new_folio);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(new_folio, dst_vma, addr, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(new_folio, dst_vma);
rss[MM_ANONPAGES]++;
/* All done, just insert the new page copy in the child */
pte = folio_mk_pte(new_folio, dst_vma->vm_page_prot);
pte = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(pte), dst_vma);
if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(dst_vma, ptep_get(src_pte)))
/* Uffd-wp needs to be delivered to dest pte as well */
pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(pte);
set_pte_at(dst_vma->vm_mm, addr, dst_pte, pte);
return 0 ;
}
static __always_inline void __copy_present_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma,
struct vm_area_struct *src_vma, pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte,
pte_t pte, unsigned long addr, int nr)
{
struct mm_struct *src_mm = src_vma->vm_mm;
/* If it's a COW mapping, write protect it both processes. */
if (is_cow_mapping(src_vma->vm_flags) && pte_write(pte)) {
wrprotect_ptes(src_mm, addr, src_pte, nr);
pte = pte_wrprotect(pte);
}
/* If it's a shared mapping, mark it clean in the child. */
if (src_vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
pte = pte_mkclean(pte);
pte = pte_mkold(pte);
if (!userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma))
pte = pte_clear_uffd_wp(pte);
set_ptes(dst_vma->vm_mm, addr, dst_pte, pte, nr);
}
/*
* Copy one present PTE , trying to batch - process subsequent PTEs that map
* consecutive pages of the same folio by copying them as well .
*
* Returns - EAGAIN if one preallocated page is required to copy the next PTE .
* Otherwise , returns the number of copied PTEs ( at least 1 ) .
*/
static inline int
copy_present_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte, pte_t pte, unsigned long addr,
int max_nr, int *rss, struct folio **prealloc)
{
fpb_t flags = FPB_MERGE_WRITE;
struct page *page;
struct folio *folio;
int err, nr;
page = vm_normal_page(src_vma, addr, pte);
if (unlikely(!page))
goto copy_pte;
folio = page_folio(page);
/*
* If we likely have to copy , just don ' t bother with batching . Make
* sure that the common " small folio " case is as fast as possible
* by keeping the batching logic separate .
*/
if (unlikely(!*prealloc && folio_test_large(folio) && max_nr != 1 )) {
if (!(src_vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
flags |= FPB_RESPECT_DIRTY;
if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(src_vma))
flags |= FPB_RESPECT_SOFT_DIRTY;
nr = folio_pte_batch_flags(folio, src_vma, src_pte, &pte, max_nr, flags);
folio_ref_add(folio, nr);
if (folio_test_anon(folio)) {
if (unlikely(folio_try_dup_anon_rmap_ptes(folio, page,
nr, dst_vma, src_vma))) {
folio_ref_sub(folio, nr);
return -EAGAIN;
}
rss[MM_ANONPAGES] += nr;
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(PageAnonExclusive(page), folio);
} else {
folio_dup_file_rmap_ptes(folio, page, nr, dst_vma);
rss[mm_counter_file(folio)] += nr;
}
__copy_present_ptes(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pte, src_pte, pte,
addr, nr);
return nr;
}
folio_get(folio);
if (folio_test_anon(folio)) {
/*
* If this page may have been pinned by the parent process ,
* copy the page immediately for the child so that we ' ll always
* guarantee the pinned page won ' t be randomly replaced in the
* future .
*/
if (unlikely(folio_try_dup_anon_rmap_pte(folio, page, dst_vma, src_vma))) {
/* Page may be pinned, we have to copy. */
folio_put(folio);
err = copy_present_page(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pte, src_pte,
addr, rss, prealloc, page);
return err ? err : 1 ;
}
rss[MM_ANONPAGES]++;
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(PageAnonExclusive(page), folio);
} else {
folio_dup_file_rmap_pte(folio, page, dst_vma);
rss[mm_counter_file(folio)]++;
}
copy_pte:
__copy_present_ptes(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pte, src_pte, pte, addr, 1 );
return 1 ;
}
static inline struct folio *folio_prealloc(struct mm_struct *src_mm,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, bool need_zero)
{
struct folio *new_folio;
if (need_zero)
new_folio = vma_alloc_zeroed_movable_folio(vma, addr);
else
new_folio = vma_alloc_folio(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, 0 , vma, addr);
if (!new_folio)
return NULL;
if (mem_cgroup_charge(new_folio, src_mm, GFP_KERNEL)) {
folio_put(new_folio);
return NULL;
}
folio_throttle_swaprate(new_folio, GFP_KERNEL);
return new_folio;
}
static int
copy_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end)
{
struct mm_struct *dst_mm = dst_vma->vm_mm;
struct mm_struct *src_mm = src_vma->vm_mm;
pte_t *orig_src_pte, *orig_dst_pte;
pte_t *src_pte, *dst_pte;
pmd_t dummy_pmdval;
pte_t ptent;
spinlock_t *src_ptl, *dst_ptl;
int progress, max_nr, ret = 0 ;
int rss[NR_MM_COUNTERS];
swp_entry_t entry = (swp_entry_t){0 };
struct folio *prealloc = NULL;
int nr;
again:
progress = 0 ;
init_rss_vec(rss);
/*
* copy_pmd_range ( ) ' s prior pmd_none_or_clear_bad ( src_pmd ) , and the
* error handling here , assume that exclusive mmap_lock on dst and src
* protects anon from unexpected THP transitions ; with shmem and file
* protected by mmap_lock - less collapse skipping areas with anon_vma
* ( whereas vma_needs_copy ( ) skips areas without anon_vma ) . A rework
* can remove such assumptions later , but this is good enough for now .
*/
dst_pte = pte_alloc_map_lock(dst_mm, dst_pmd, addr, &dst_ptl);
if (!dst_pte) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
/*
* We already hold the exclusive mmap_lock , the copy_pte_range ( ) and
* retract_page_tables ( ) are using vma - > anon_vma to be exclusive , so
* the PTE page is stable , and there is no need to get pmdval and do
* pmd_same ( ) check .
*/
src_pte = pte_offset_map_rw_nolock(src_mm, src_pmd, addr, &dummy_pmdval,
&src_ptl);
if (!src_pte) {
pte_unmap_unlock(dst_pte, dst_ptl);
/* ret == 0 */
goto out;
}
spin_lock_nested(src_ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
orig_src_pte = src_pte;
orig_dst_pte = dst_pte;
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
do {
nr = 1 ;
/*
* We are holding two locks at this point - either of them
* could generate latencies in another task on another CPU .
*/
if (progress >= 32 ) {
progress = 0 ;
if (need_resched() ||
spin_needbreak(src_ptl) || spin_needbreak(dst_ptl))
break ;
}
ptent = ptep_get(src_pte);
if (pte_none(ptent)) {
progress++;
continue ;
}
if (unlikely(!pte_present(ptent))) {
ret = copy_nonpresent_pte(dst_mm, src_mm,
dst_pte, src_pte,
dst_vma, src_vma,
addr, rss);
if (ret == -EIO) {
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(ptep_get(src_pte));
break ;
} else if (ret == -EBUSY) {
break ;
} else if (!ret) {
progress += 8 ;
continue ;
}
ptent = ptep_get(src_pte);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!pte_present(ptent));
/*
* Device exclusive entry restored , continue by copying
* the now present pte .
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(ret != -ENOENT);
}
/* copy_present_ptes() will clear `*prealloc' if consumed */
max_nr = (end - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
ret = copy_present_ptes(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pte, src_pte,
ptent, addr, max_nr, rss, &prealloc);
/*
* If we need a pre - allocated page for this pte , drop the
* locks , allocate , and try again .
* If copy failed due to hwpoison in source page , break out .
*/
if (unlikely(ret == -EAGAIN || ret == -EHWPOISON))
break ;
if (unlikely(prealloc)) {
/*
* pre - alloc page cannot be reused by next time so as
* to strictly follow mempolicy ( e . g . , alloc_page_vma ( )
* will allocate page according to address ) . This
* could only happen if one pinned pte changed .
*/
folio_put(prealloc);
prealloc = NULL;
}
nr = ret;
progress += 8 * nr;
} while (dst_pte += nr, src_pte += nr, addr += PAGE_SIZE * nr,
addr != end);
arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
pte_unmap_unlock(orig_src_pte, src_ptl);
add_mm_rss_vec(dst_mm, rss);
pte_unmap_unlock(orig_dst_pte, dst_ptl);
cond_resched();
if (ret == -EIO) {
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!entry.val);
if (add_swap_count_continuation(entry, GFP_KERNEL) < 0 ) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
entry.val = 0 ;
} else if (ret == -EBUSY || unlikely(ret == -EHWPOISON)) {
goto out;
} else if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
prealloc = folio_prealloc(src_mm, src_vma, addr, false );
if (!prealloc)
return -ENOMEM;
} else if (ret < 0 ) {
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(1 );
}
/* We've captured and resolved the error. Reset, try again. */
ret = 0 ;
if (addr != end)
goto again;
out:
if (unlikely(prealloc))
folio_put(prealloc);
return ret;
}
static inline int
copy_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pud_t *dst_pud, pud_t *src_pud, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end)
{
struct mm_struct *dst_mm = dst_vma->vm_mm;
struct mm_struct *src_mm = src_vma->vm_mm;
pmd_t *src_pmd, *dst_pmd;
unsigned long next;
dst_pmd = pmd_alloc(dst_mm, dst_pud, addr);
if (!dst_pmd)
return -ENOMEM;
src_pmd = pmd_offset(src_pud, addr);
do {
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (is_swap_pmd(*src_pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*src_pmd)) {
int err;
VM_BUG_ON_VMA(next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE, src_vma);
err = copy_huge_pmd(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_pmd, src_pmd,
addr, dst_vma, src_vma);
if (err == -ENOMEM)
return -ENOMEM;
if (!err)
continue ;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(src_pmd))
continue ;
if (copy_pte_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pmd, src_pmd,
addr, next))
return -ENOMEM;
} while (dst_pmd++, src_pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int
copy_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
p4d_t *dst_p4d, p4d_t *src_p4d, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end)
{
struct mm_struct *dst_mm = dst_vma->vm_mm;
struct mm_struct *src_mm = src_vma->vm_mm;
pud_t *src_pud, *dst_pud;
unsigned long next;
dst_pud = pud_alloc(dst_mm, dst_p4d, addr);
if (!dst_pud)
return -ENOMEM;
src_pud = pud_offset(src_p4d, addr);
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_trans_huge(*src_pud)) {
int err;
VM_BUG_ON_VMA(next-addr != HPAGE_PUD_SIZE, src_vma);
err = copy_huge_pud(dst_mm, src_mm,
dst_pud, src_pud, addr, src_vma);
if (err == -ENOMEM)
return -ENOMEM;
if (!err)
continue ;
/* fall through */
}
if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(src_pud))
continue ;
if (copy_pmd_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pud, src_pud,
addr, next))
return -ENOMEM;
} while (dst_pud++, src_pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int
copy_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma,
pgd_t *dst_pgd, pgd_t *src_pgd, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long end)
{
struct mm_struct *dst_mm = dst_vma->vm_mm;
p4d_t *src_p4d, *dst_p4d;
unsigned long next;
dst_p4d = p4d_alloc(dst_mm, dst_pgd, addr);
if (!dst_p4d)
return -ENOMEM;
src_p4d = p4d_offset(src_pgd, addr);
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(src_p4d))
continue ;
if (copy_pud_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_p4d, src_p4d,
addr, next))
return -ENOMEM;
} while (dst_p4d++, src_p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Return true if the vma needs to copy the pgtable during this fork ( ) . Return
* false when we can speed up fork ( ) by allowing lazy page faults later until
* when the child accesses the memory range .
*/
static bool
vma_needs_copy(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
{
/*
* Always copy pgtables when dst_vma has uffd - wp enabled even if it ' s
* file - backed ( e . g . shmem ) . Because when uffd - wp is enabled , pgtable
* contains uffd - wp protection information , that ' s something we can ' t
* retrieve from page cache , and skip copying will lose those info .
*/
if (userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma))
return true ;
if (src_vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP))
return true ;
if (src_vma->anon_vma)
return true ;
/*
* Don ' t copy ptes where a page fault will fill them correctly . Fork
* becomes much lighter when there are big shared or private readonly
* mappings . The tradeoff is that copy_page_range is more efficient
* than faulting .
*/
return false ;
}
int
copy_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
{
pgd_t *src_pgd, *dst_pgd;
unsigned long addr = src_vma->vm_start;
unsigned long end = src_vma->vm_end;
struct mm_struct *dst_mm = dst_vma->vm_mm;
struct mm_struct *src_mm = src_vma->vm_mm;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
unsigned long next;
bool is_cow;
int ret;
if (!vma_needs_copy(dst_vma, src_vma))
return 0 ;
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(src_vma))
return copy_hugetlb_page_range(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_vma, src_vma);
/*
* We need to invalidate the secondary MMU mappings only when
* there could be a permission downgrade on the ptes of the
* parent mm . And a permission downgrade will only happen if
* is_cow_mapping ( ) returns true .
*/
is_cow = is_cow_mapping(src_vma->vm_flags);
if (is_cow) {
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_PAGE,
0 , src_mm, addr, end);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
/*
* Disabling preemption is not needed for the write side , as
* the read side doesn ' t spin , but goes to the mmap_lock .
*
* Use the raw variant of the seqcount_t write API to avoid
* lockdep complaining about preemptibility .
*/
vma_assert_write_locked(src_vma);
raw_write_seqcount_begin(&src_mm->write_protect_seq);
}
ret = 0 ;
dst_pgd = pgd_offset(dst_mm, addr);
src_pgd = pgd_offset(src_mm, addr);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(src_pgd))
continue ;
if (unlikely(copy_p4d_range(dst_vma, src_vma, dst_pgd, src_pgd,
addr, next))) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
break ;
}
} while (dst_pgd++, src_pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
if (is_cow) {
raw_write_seqcount_end(&src_mm->write_protect_seq);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
}
return ret;
}
/* Whether we should zap all COWed (private) pages too */
static inline bool should_zap_cows(struct zap_details *details)
{
/* By default, zap all pages */
if (!details || details->reclaim_pt)
return true ;
/* Or, we zap COWed pages only if the caller wants to */
return details->even_cows;
}
/* Decides whether we should zap this folio with the folio pointer specified */
static inline bool should_zap_folio(struct zap_details *details,
struct folio *folio)
{
/* If we can make a decision without *folio.. */
if (should_zap_cows(details))
return true ;
/* Otherwise we should only zap non-anon folios */
return !folio_test_anon(folio);
}
static inline bool zap_drop_markers(struct zap_details *details)
{
if (!details)
return false ;
return details->zap_flags & ZAP_FLAG_DROP_MARKER;
}
/*
* This function makes sure that we ' ll replace the none pte with an uffd - wp
* swap special pte marker when necessary . Must be with the pgtable lock held .
*
* Returns true if uffd - wp ptes was installed , false otherwise .
*/
static inline bool
zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, pte_t *pte, int nr,
struct zap_details *details, pte_t pteval)
{
bool was_installed = false ;
#ifdef CONFIG_PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP
/* Zap on anonymous always means dropping everything */
if (vma_is_anonymous(vma))
return false ;
if (zap_drop_markers(details))
return false ;
for (;;) {
/* the PFN in the PTE is irrelevant. */
if (pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr, pte, pteval))
was_installed = true ;
if (--nr == 0 )
break ;
pte++;
addr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
#endif
return was_installed;
}
static __always_inline void zap_present_folio_ptes(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct folio *folio,
struct page *page, pte_t *pte, pte_t ptent, unsigned int nr,
unsigned long addr, struct zap_details *details, int *rss,
bool *force_flush, bool *force_break, bool *any_skipped)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = tlb->mm;
bool delay_rmap = false ;
if (!folio_test_anon(folio)) {
ptent = get_and_clear_full_ptes(mm, addr, pte, nr, tlb->fullmm);
if (pte_dirty(ptent)) {
folio_mark_dirty(folio);
if (tlb_delay_rmap(tlb)) {
delay_rmap = true ;
*force_flush = true ;
}
}
if (pte_young(ptent) && likely(vma_has_recency(vma)))
folio_mark_accessed(folio);
rss[mm_counter(folio)] -= nr;
} else {
/* We don't need up-to-date accessed/dirty bits. */
clear_full_ptes(mm, addr, pte, nr, tlb->fullmm);
rss[MM_ANONPAGES] -= nr;
}
/* Checking a single PTE in a batch is sufficient. */
arch_check_zapped_pte(vma, ptent);
tlb_remove_tlb_entries(tlb, pte, nr, addr);
if (unlikely(userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, ptent)))
*any_skipped = zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr, pte,
nr, details, ptent);
if (!delay_rmap) {
folio_remove_rmap_ptes(folio, page, nr, vma);
if (unlikely(folio_mapcount(folio) < 0 ))
print_bad_pte(vma, addr, ptent, page);
}
if (unlikely(__tlb_remove_folio_pages(tlb, page, nr, delay_rmap))) {
*force_flush = true ;
*force_break = true ;
}
}
/*
* Zap or skip at least one present PTE , trying to batch - process subsequent
* PTEs that map consecutive pages of the same folio .
*
* Returns the number of processed ( skipped or zapped ) PTEs ( at least 1 ) .
*/
static inline int zap_present_ptes(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte, pte_t ptent,
unsigned int max_nr, unsigned long addr,
struct zap_details *details, int *rss, bool *force_flush,
bool *force_break, bool *any_skipped)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = tlb->mm;
struct folio *folio;
struct page *page;
int nr;
page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, ptent);
if (!page) {
/* We don't need up-to-date accessed/dirty bits. */
ptep_get_and_clear_full(mm, addr, pte, tlb->fullmm);
arch_check_zapped_pte(vma, ptent);
tlb_remove_tlb_entry(tlb, pte, addr);
if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, ptent))
*any_skipped = zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr,
pte, 1 , details, ptent);
ksm_might_unmap_zero_page(mm, ptent);
return 1 ;
}
folio = page_folio(page);
if (unlikely(!should_zap_folio(details, folio))) {
*any_skipped = true ;
return 1 ;
}
/*
* Make sure that the common " small folio " case is as fast as possible
* by keeping the batching logic separate .
*/
if (unlikely(folio_test_large(folio) && max_nr != 1 )) {
nr = folio_pte_batch(folio, pte, ptent, max_nr);
zap_present_folio_ptes(tlb, vma, folio, page, pte, ptent, nr,
addr, details, rss, force_flush,
force_break, any_skipped);
return nr;
}
zap_present_folio_ptes(tlb, vma, folio, page, pte, ptent, 1 , addr,
details, rss, force_flush, force_break, any_skipped);
return 1 ;
}
static inline int zap_nonpresent_ptes(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte, pte_t ptent,
unsigned int max_nr, unsigned long addr,
struct zap_details *details, int *rss, bool *any_skipped)
{
swp_entry_t entry;
int nr = 1 ;
*any_skipped = true ;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(ptent);
if (is_device_private_entry(entry) ||
is_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) {
struct page *page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
if (unlikely(!should_zap_folio(details, folio)))
return 1 ;
/*
* Both device private / exclusive mappings should only
* work with anonymous page so far , so we don ' t need to
* consider uffd - wp bit when zap . For more information ,
* see zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed ( ) .
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(!vma_is_anonymous(vma));
rss[mm_counter(folio)]--;
folio_remove_rmap_pte(folio, page, vma);
folio_put(folio);
} else if (!non_swap_entry(entry)) {
/* Genuine swap entries, hence a private anon pages */
if (!should_zap_cows(details))
return 1 ;
nr = swap_pte_batch(pte, max_nr, ptent);
rss[MM_SWAPENTS] -= nr;
free_swap_and_cache_nr(entry, nr);
} else if (is_migration_entry(entry)) {
struct folio *folio = pfn_swap_entry_folio(entry);
if (!should_zap_folio(details, folio))
return 1 ;
rss[mm_counter(folio)]--;
} else if (pte_marker_entry_uffd_wp(entry)) {
/*
* For anon : always drop the marker ; for file : only
* drop the marker if explicitly requested .
*/
if (!vma_is_anonymous(vma) && !zap_drop_markers(details))
return 1 ;
} else if (is_guard_swp_entry(entry)) {
/*
* Ordinary zapping should not remove guard PTE
* markers . Only do so if we should remove PTE markers
* in general .
*/
if (!zap_drop_markers(details))
return 1 ;
} else if (is_hwpoison_entry(entry) || is_poisoned_swp_entry(entry)) {
if (!should_zap_cows(details))
return 1 ;
} else {
/* We should have covered all the swap entry types */
pr_alert("unrecognized swap entry 0x%lx\n" , entry.val);
WARN_ON_ONCE(1 );
}
clear_not_present_full_ptes(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, nr, tlb->fullmm);
*any_skipped = zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(vma, addr, pte, nr, details, ptent);
return nr;
}
static inline int do_zap_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct zap_details *details, int *rss,
bool *force_flush, bool *force_break,
bool *any_skipped)
{
pte_t ptent = ptep_get(pte);
int max_nr = (end - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
int nr = 0 ;
/* Skip all consecutive none ptes */
if (pte_none(ptent)) {
for (nr = 1 ; nr < max_nr; nr++) {
ptent = ptep_get(pte + nr);
if (!pte_none(ptent))
break ;
}
max_nr -= nr;
if (!max_nr)
return nr;
pte += nr;
addr += nr * PAGE_SIZE;
}
if (pte_present(ptent))
nr += zap_present_ptes(tlb, vma, pte, ptent, max_nr, addr,
details, rss, force_flush, force_break,
any_skipped);
else
nr += zap_nonpresent_ptes(tlb, vma, pte, ptent, max_nr, addr,
details, rss, any_skipped);
return nr;
}
static unsigned long zap_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct zap_details *details)
{
bool force_flush = false , force_break = false ;
struct mm_struct *mm = tlb->mm;
int rss[NR_MM_COUNTERS];
spinlock_t *ptl;
pte_t *start_pte;
pte_t *pte;
pmd_t pmdval;
unsigned long start = addr;
bool can_reclaim_pt = reclaim_pt_is_enabled(start, end, details);
bool direct_reclaim = true ;
int nr;
retry:
tlb_change_page_size(tlb, PAGE_SIZE);
init_rss_vec(rss);
start_pte = pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
if (!pte)
return addr;
flush_tlb_batched_pending(mm);
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
do {
bool any_skipped = false ;
if (need_resched()) {
direct_reclaim = false ;
break ;
}
nr = do_zap_pte_range(tlb, vma, pte, addr, end, details, rss,
&force_flush, &force_break, &any_skipped);
if (any_skipped)
can_reclaim_pt = false ;
if (unlikely(force_break)) {
addr += nr * PAGE_SIZE;
direct_reclaim = false ;
break ;
}
} while (pte += nr, addr += PAGE_SIZE * nr, addr != end);
/*
* Fast path : try to hold the pmd lock and unmap the PTE page .
*
* If the pte lock was released midway ( retry case ) , or if the attempt
* to hold the pmd lock failed , then we need to recheck all pte entries
* to ensure they are still none , thereby preventing the pte entries
* from being repopulated by another thread .
*/
if (can_reclaim_pt && direct_reclaim && addr == end)
direct_reclaim = try_get_and_clear_pmd(mm, pmd, &pmdval);
add_mm_rss_vec(mm, rss);
arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
/* Do the actual TLB flush before dropping ptl */
if (force_flush) {
tlb_flush_mmu_tlbonly(tlb);
tlb_flush_rmaps(tlb, vma);
}
pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, ptl);
/*
* If we forced a TLB flush ( either due to running out of
* batch buffers or because we needed to flush dirty TLB
* entries before releasing the ptl ) , free the batched
* memory too . Come back again if we didn ' t do everything .
*/
if (force_flush)
tlb_flush_mmu(tlb);
if (addr != end) {
cond_resched();
force_flush = false ;
force_break = false ;
goto retry;
}
if (can_reclaim_pt) {
if (direct_reclaim)
free_pte(mm, start, tlb, pmdval);
else
try_to_free_pte(mm, pmd, start, tlb);
}
return addr;
}
static inline unsigned long zap_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct zap_details *details)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
do {
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (is_swap_pmd(*pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next - addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE)
__split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr, false );
else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr)) {
addr = next;
continue ;
}
/* fall through */
} else if (details && details->single_folio &&
folio_test_pmd_mappable(details->single_folio) &&
next - addr == HPAGE_PMD_SIZE && pmd_none(*pmd)) {
spinlock_t *ptl = pmd_lock(tlb->mm, pmd);
/*
* Take and drop THP pmd lock so that we cannot return
* prematurely , while zap_huge_pmd ( ) has cleared * pmd ,
* but not yet decremented compound_mapcount ( ) .
*/
spin_unlock(ptl);
}
if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
addr = next;
continue ;
}
addr = zap_pte_range(tlb, vma, pmd, addr, next, details);
if (addr != next)
pmd--;
} while (pmd++, cond_resched(), addr != end);
return addr;
}
static inline unsigned long zap_pud_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, p4d_t *p4d,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct zap_details *details)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_trans_huge(*pud)) {
if (next - addr != HPAGE_PUD_SIZE) {
mmap_assert_locked(tlb->mm);
split_huge_pud(vma, pud, addr);
} else if (zap_huge_pud(tlb, vma, pud, addr))
goto next;
/* fall through */
}
if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
continue ;
next = zap_pmd_range(tlb, vma, pud, addr, next, details);
next:
cond_resched();
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return addr;
}
static inline unsigned long zap_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct zap_details *details)
{
p4d_t *p4d;
unsigned long next;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
continue ;
next = zap_pud_range(tlb, vma, p4d, addr, next, details);
} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
return addr;
}
void unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
struct zap_details *details)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long next;
BUG_ON(addr >= end);
tlb_start_vma(tlb, vma);
pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
continue ;
next = zap_p4d_range(tlb, vma, pgd, addr, next, details);
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
tlb_end_vma(tlb, vma);
}
static void unmap_single_vma(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
unsigned long end_addr,
struct zap_details *details, bool mm_wr_locked)
{
unsigned long start = max(vma->vm_start, start_addr);
unsigned long end;
if (start >= vma->vm_end)
return ;
end = min(vma->vm_end, end_addr);
if (end <= vma->vm_start)
return ;
if (vma->vm_file)
uprobe_munmap(vma, start, end);
if (start != end) {
if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))) {
/*
* It is undesirable to test vma - > vm_file as it
* should be non - null for valid hugetlb area .
* However , vm_file will be NULL in the error
* cleanup path of mmap_region . When
* hugetlbfs - > mmap method fails ,
* mmap_region ( ) nullifies vma - > vm_file
* before calling this function to clean up .
* Since no pte has actually been setup , it is
* safe to do nothing in this case .
*/
if (vma->vm_file) {
zap_flags_t zap_flags = details ?
details->zap_flags : 0 ;
__unmap_hugepage_range(tlb, vma, start, end,
NULL, zap_flags);
}
} else
unmap_page_range(tlb, vma, start, end, details);
}
}
/**
* unmap_vmas - unmap a range of memory covered by a list of vma ' s
* @ tlb : address of the caller ' s struct mmu_gather
* @ mas : the maple state
* @ vma : the starting vma
* @ start_addr : virtual address at which to start unmapping
* @ end_addr : virtual address at which to end unmapping
* @ tree_end : The maximum index to check
* @ mm_wr_locked : lock flag
*
* Unmap all pages in the vma list .
*
* Only addresses between ` start ' and ` end ' will be unmapped .
*
* The VMA list must be sorted in ascending virtual address order .
*
* unmap_vmas ( ) assumes that the caller will flush the whole unmapped address
* range after unmap_vmas ( ) returns . So the only responsibility here is to
* ensure that any thus - far unmapped pages are flushed before unmap_vmas ( )
* drops the lock and schedules .
*/
void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
unsigned long end_addr, unsigned long tree_end,
bool mm_wr_locked)
{
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
struct zap_details details = {
.zap_flags = ZAP_FLAG_DROP_MARKER | ZAP_FLAG_UNMAP,
/* Careful - we need to zap private pages too! */
.even_cows = true ,
};
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_UNMAP, 0 , vma->vm_mm,
start_addr, end_addr);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
do {
unsigned long start = start_addr;
unsigned long end = end_addr;
hugetlb_zap_begin(vma, &start, &end);
unmap_single_vma(tlb, vma, start, end, &details,
mm_wr_locked);
hugetlb_zap_end(vma, &details);
vma = mas_find(mas, tree_end - 1 );
} while (vma && likely(!xa_is_zero(vma)));
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
}
/**
* zap_page_range_single_batched - remove user pages in a given range
* @ tlb : pointer to the caller ' s struct mmu_gather
* @ vma : vm_area_struct holding the applicable pages
* @ address : starting address of pages to remove
* @ size : number of bytes to remove
* @ details : details of shared cache invalidation
*
* @ tlb shouldn ' t be NULL . The range must fit into one VMA . If @ vma is for
* hugetlb , @ tlb is flushed and re - initialized by this function .
*/
void zap_page_range_single_batched(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details)
{
const unsigned long end = address + size;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!tlb || tlb->mm != vma->vm_mm);
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0 , vma->vm_mm,
address, end);
hugetlb_zap_begin(vma, &range.start, &range.end);
update_hiwater_rss(vma->vm_mm);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
/*
* unmap ' address - end ' not ' range . start - range . end ' as range
* could have been expanded for hugetlb pmd sharing .
*/
unmap_single_vma(tlb, vma, address, end, details, false );
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
/*
* flush tlb and free resources before hugetlb_zap_end ( ) , to
* avoid concurrent page faults ' allocation failure .
*/
tlb_finish_mmu(tlb);
hugetlb_zap_end(vma, details);
tlb_gather_mmu(tlb, vma->vm_mm);
}
}
/**
* zap_page_range_single - remove user pages in a given range
* @ vma : vm_area_struct holding the applicable pages
* @ address : starting address of pages to zap
* @ size : number of bytes to zap
* @ details : details of shared cache invalidation
*
* The range must fit into one VMA .
*/
void zap_page_range_single(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details)
{
struct mmu_gather tlb;
tlb_gather_mmu(&tlb, vma->vm_mm);
zap_page_range_single_batched(&tlb, vma, address, size, details);
tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
}
/**
* zap_vma_ptes - remove ptes mapping the vma
* @ vma : vm_area_struct holding ptes to be zapped
* @ address : starting address of pages to zap
* @ size : number of bytes to zap
*
* This function only unmaps ptes assigned to VM_PFNMAP vmas .
*
* The entire address range must be fully contained within the vma .
*
*/
void zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
unsigned long size)
{
if (!range_in_vma(vma, address, address + size) ||
!(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP))
return ;
zap_page_range_single(vma, address, size, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zap_vma_ptes);
static pmd_t *walk_to_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
p4d_t *p4d;
pud_t *pud;
pmd_t *pmd;
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
p4d = p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, addr);
if (!p4d)
return NULL;
pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, addr);
if (!pud)
return NULL;
pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr);
if (!pmd)
return NULL;
VM_BUG_ON(pmd_trans_huge(*pmd));
return pmd;
}
pte_t *__get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
spinlock_t **ptl)
{
pmd_t *pmd = walk_to_pmd(mm, addr);
if (!pmd)
return NULL;
return pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, ptl);
}
static bool vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP);
/*
* Whoever wants to forbid the zeropage after some zeropages
* might already have been mapped has to scan the page tables and
* bail out on any zeropages . Zeropages in COW mappings can
* be unshared using FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE faults .
*/
if (mm_forbids_zeropage(vma->vm_mm))
return false ;
/* zeropages in COW mappings are common and unproblematic. */
if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags))
return true ;
/* Mappings that do not allow for writable PTEs are unproblematic. */
if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_MAYWRITE)))
return true ;
/*
* Why not allow any VMA that has vm_ops - > pfn_mkwrite ? GUP could
* find the shared zeropage and longterm - pin it , which would
* be problematic as soon as the zeropage gets replaced by a different
* page due to vma - > vm_ops - > pfn_mkwrite , because what ' s mapped would
* now differ to what GUP looked up . FSDAX is incompatible to
* FOLL_LONGTERM and VM_IO is incompatible to GUP completely ( see
* check_vma_flags ) .
*/
return vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite &&
(vma_is_fsdax(vma) || vma->vm_flags & VM_IO);
}
static int validate_page_before_insert(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
struct page *page)
{
struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
if (!folio_ref_count(folio))
return -EINVAL;
if (unlikely(is_zero_folio(folio))) {
if (!vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(vma))
return -EINVAL;
return 0 ;
}
if (folio_test_anon(folio) || folio_test_slab(folio) ||
page_has_type(page))
return -EINVAL;
flush_dcache_folio(folio);
return 0 ;
}
static int insert_page_into_pte_locked(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte,
unsigned long addr, struct page *page,
pgprot_t prot, bool mkwrite)
{
struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
pte_t pteval = ptep_get(pte);
if (!pte_none(pteval)) {
if (!mkwrite)
return -EBUSY;
/* see insert_pfn(). */
if (pte_pfn(pteval) != page_to_pfn(page)) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval)));
return -EFAULT;
}
pteval = maybe_mkwrite(pteval, vma);
pteval = pte_mkyoung(pteval);
if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, addr, pte, pteval, 1 ))
update_mmu_cache(vma, addr, pte);
return 0 ;
}
/* Ok, finally just insert the thing.. */
pteval = mk_pte(page, prot);
if (unlikely(is_zero_folio(folio))) {
pteval = pte_mkspecial(pteval);
} else {
folio_get(folio);
pteval = mk_pte(page, prot);
if (mkwrite) {
pteval = pte_mkyoung(pteval);
pteval = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(pteval), vma);
}
inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, mm_counter_file(folio));
folio_add_file_rmap_pte(folio, page, vma);
}
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, pteval);
return 0 ;
}
static int insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
struct page *page, pgprot_t prot, bool mkwrite)
{
int retval;
pte_t *pte;
spinlock_t *ptl;
retval = validate_page_before_insert(vma, page);
if (retval)
goto out;
retval = -ENOMEM;
pte = get_locked_pte(vma->vm_mm, addr, &ptl);
if (!pte)
goto out;
retval = insert_page_into_pte_locked(vma, pte, addr, page, prot,
mkwrite);
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
out:
return retval;
}
static int insert_page_in_batch_locked(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte,
unsigned long addr, struct page *page, pgprot_t prot)
{
int err;
err = validate_page_before_insert(vma, page);
if (err)
return err;
return insert_page_into_pte_locked(vma, pte, addr, page, prot, false );
}
/* insert_pages() amortizes the cost of spinlock operations
* when inserting pages in a loop .
*/
static int insert_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
struct page **pages, unsigned long *num, pgprot_t prot)
{
pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
pte_t *start_pte, *pte;
spinlock_t *pte_lock;
struct mm_struct *const mm = vma->vm_mm;
unsigned long curr_page_idx = 0 ;
unsigned long remaining_pages_total = *num;
unsigned long pages_to_write_in_pmd;
int ret;
more:
ret = -EFAULT;
pmd = walk_to_pmd(mm, addr);
if (!pmd)
goto out;
pages_to_write_in_pmd = min_t(unsigned long ,
remaining_pages_total, PTRS_PER_PTE - pte_index(addr));
/* Allocate the PTE if necessary; takes PMD lock once only. */
ret = -ENOMEM;
if (pte_alloc(mm, pmd))
goto out;
while (pages_to_write_in_pmd) {
int pte_idx = 0 ;
const int batch_size = min_t(int , pages_to_write_in_pmd, 8 );
start_pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &pte_lock);
if (!start_pte) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
for (pte = start_pte; pte_idx < batch_size; ++pte, ++pte_idx) {
int err = insert_page_in_batch_locked(vma, pte,
addr, pages[curr_page_idx], prot);
if (unlikely(err)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, pte_lock);
ret = err;
remaining_pages_total -= pte_idx;
goto out;
}
addr += PAGE_SIZE;
++curr_page_idx;
}
pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, pte_lock);
pages_to_write_in_pmd -= batch_size;
remaining_pages_total -= batch_size;
}
if (remaining_pages_total)
goto more;
ret = 0 ;
out:
*num = remaining_pages_total;
return ret;
}
/**
* vm_insert_pages - insert multiple pages into user vma , batching the pmd lock .
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ addr : target start user address of these pages
* @ pages : source kernel pages
* @ num : in : number of pages to map . out : number of pages that were * not *
* mapped . ( 0 means all pages were successfully mapped ) .
*
* Preferred over vm_insert_page ( ) when inserting multiple pages .
*
* In case of error , we may have mapped a subset of the provided
* pages . It is the caller ' s responsibility to account for this case .
*
* The same restrictions apply as in vm_insert_page ( ) .
*/
int vm_insert_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
struct page **pages, unsigned long *num)
{
const unsigned long end_addr = addr + (*num * PAGE_SIZE) - 1 ;
if (addr < vma->vm_start || end_addr >= vma->vm_end)
return -EFAULT;
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP)) {
BUG_ON(mmap_read_trylock(vma->vm_mm));
BUG_ON(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP);
vm_flags_set(vma, VM_MIXEDMAP);
}
/* Defer page refcount checking till we're about to map that page. */
return insert_pages(vma, addr, pages, num, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_pages);
/**
* vm_insert_page - insert single page into user vma
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ addr : target user address of this page
* @ page : source kernel page
*
* This allows drivers to insert individual pages they ' ve allocated
* into a user vma . The zeropage is supported in some VMAs ,
* see vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed ( ) .
*
* The page has to be a nice clean _ individual_ kernel allocation .
* If you allocate a compound page , you need to have marked it as
* such ( _ _ GFP_COMP ) , or manually just split the page up yourself
* ( see split_page ( ) ) .
*
* NOTE ! Traditionally this was done with " remap_pfn_range ( ) " which
* took an arbitrary page protection parameter . This doesn ' t allow
* that . Your vma protection will have to be set up correctly , which
* means that if you want a shared writable mapping , you ' d better
* ask for a shared writable mapping !
*
* The page does not need to be reserved .
*
* Usually this function is called from f_op - > mmap ( ) handler
* under mm - > mmap_lock write - lock , so it can change vma - > vm_flags .
* Caller must set VM_MIXEDMAP on vma if it wants to call this
* function from other places , for example from page - fault handler .
*
* Return : % 0 on success , negative error code otherwise .
*/
int vm_insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
struct page *page)
{
if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
return -EFAULT;
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP)) {
BUG_ON(mmap_read_trylock(vma->vm_mm));
BUG_ON(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP);
vm_flags_set(vma, VM_MIXEDMAP);
}
return insert_page(vma, addr, page, vma->vm_page_prot, false );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_page);
/*
* _ _ vm_map_pages - maps range of kernel pages into user vma
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ pages : pointer to array of source kernel pages
* @ num : number of pages in page array
* @ offset : user ' s requested vm_pgoff
*
* This allows drivers to map range of kernel pages into a user vma .
* The zeropage is supported in some VMAs , see
* vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed ( ) .
*
* Return : 0 on success and error code otherwise .
*/
static int __vm_map_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages,
unsigned long num, unsigned long offset)
{
unsigned long count = vma_pages(vma);
unsigned long uaddr = vma->vm_start;
int ret, i;
/* Fail if the user requested offset is beyond the end of the object */
if (offset >= num)
return -ENXIO;
/* Fail if the user requested size exceeds available object size */
if (count > num - offset)
return -ENXIO;
for (i = 0 ; i < count; i++) {
ret = vm_insert_page(vma, uaddr, pages[offset + i]);
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
uaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
return 0 ;
}
/**
* vm_map_pages - maps range of kernel pages starts with non zero offset
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ pages : pointer to array of source kernel pages
* @ num : number of pages in page array
*
* Maps an object consisting of @ num pages , catering for the user ' s
* requested vm_pgoff
*
* If we fail to insert any page into the vma , the function will return
* immediately leaving any previously inserted pages present . Callers
* from the mmap handler may immediately return the error as their caller
* will destroy the vma , removing any successfully inserted pages . Other
* callers should make their own arrangements for calling unmap_region ( ) .
*
* Context : Process context . Called by mmap handlers .
* Return : 0 on success and error code otherwise .
*/
int vm_map_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages,
unsigned long num)
{
return __vm_map_pages(vma, pages, num, vma->vm_pgoff);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_pages);
/**
* vm_map_pages_zero - map range of kernel pages starts with zero offset
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ pages : pointer to array of source kernel pages
* @ num : number of pages in page array
*
* Similar to vm_map_pages ( ) , except that it explicitly sets the offset
* to 0 . This function is intended for the drivers that did not consider
* vm_pgoff .
*
* Context : Process context . Called by mmap handlers .
* Return : 0 on success and error code otherwise .
*/
int vm_map_pages_zero(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page **pages,
unsigned long num)
{
return __vm_map_pages(vma, pages, num, 0 );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_map_pages_zero);
static vm_fault_t insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot, bool mkwrite)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
pte_t *pte, entry;
spinlock_t *ptl;
pte = get_locked_pte(mm, addr, &ptl);
if (!pte)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
entry = ptep_get(pte);
if (!pte_none(entry)) {
if (mkwrite) {
/*
* For read faults on private mappings the PFN passed
* in may not match the PFN we have mapped if the
* mapped PFN is a writeable COW page . In the mkwrite
* case we are creating a writable PTE for a shared
* mapping and we expect the PFNs to match . If they
* don ' t match , we are likely racing with block
* allocation and mapping invalidation so just skip the
* update .
*/
if (pte_pfn(entry) != pfn) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(entry)));
goto out_unlock;
}
entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, addr, pte, entry, 1 ))
update_mmu_cache(vma, addr, pte);
}
goto out_unlock;
}
/* Ok, finally just insert the thing.. */
entry = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
if (mkwrite) {
entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
}
set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, entry);
update_mmu_cache(vma, addr, pte); /* XXX: why not for insert_page? */
out_unlock:
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
/**
* vmf_insert_pfn_prot - insert single pfn into user vma with specified pgprot
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ addr : target user address of this page
* @ pfn : source kernel pfn
* @ pgprot : pgprot flags for the inserted page
*
* This is exactly like vmf_insert_pfn ( ) , except that it allows drivers
* to override pgprot on a per - page basis .
*
* This only makes sense for IO mappings , and it makes no sense for
* COW mappings . In general , using multiple vmas is preferable ;
* vmf_insert_pfn_prot should only be used if using multiple VMAs is
* impractical .
*
* pgprot typically only differs from @ vma - > vm_page_prot when drivers set
* caching - and encryption bits different than those of @ vma - > vm_page_prot ,
* because the caching - or encryption mode may not be known at mmap ( ) time .
*
* This is ok as long as @ vma - > vm_page_prot is not used by the core vm
* to set caching and encryption bits for those vmas ( except for COW pages ) .
* This is ensured by core vm only modifying these page table entries using
* functions that don ' t touch caching - or encryption bits , using pte_modify ( )
* if needed . ( See for example mprotect ( ) ) .
*
* Also when new page - table entries are created , this is only done using the
* fault ( ) callback , and never using the value of vma - > vm_page_prot ,
* except for page - table entries that point to anonymous pages as the result
* of COW .
*
* Context : Process context . May allocate using % GFP_KERNEL .
* Return : vm_fault_t value .
*/
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_prot(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t pgprot)
{
/*
* Technically , architectures with pte_special can avoid all these
* restrictions ( same for remap_pfn_range ) . However we would like
* consistency in testing and feature parity among all , so we should
* try to keep these invariants in place for everybody .
*/
BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)));
BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
(VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));
BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) && pfn_valid(pfn));
if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot))
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
pfnmap_setup_cachemode_pfn(pfn, &pgprot);
return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, false );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_pfn_prot);
/**
* vmf_insert_pfn - insert single pfn into user vma
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ addr : target user address of this page
* @ pfn : source kernel pfn
*
* Similar to vm_insert_page , this allows drivers to insert individual pages
* they ' ve allocated into a user vma . Same comments apply .
*
* This function should only be called from a vm_ops - > fault handler , and
* in that case the handler should return the result of this function .
*
* vma cannot be a COW mapping .
*
* As this is called only for pages that do not currently exist , we
* do not need to flush old virtual caches or the TLB .
*
* Context : Process context . May allocate using % GFP_KERNEL .
* Return : vm_fault_t value .
*/
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn)
{
return vmf_insert_pfn_prot(vma, addr, pfn, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_pfn);
static bool vm_mixed_ok(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long pfn,
bool mkwrite)
{
if (unlikely(is_zero_pfn(pfn)) &&
(mkwrite || !vm_mixed_zeropage_allowed(vma)))
return false ;
/* these checks mirror the abort conditions in vm_normal_page */
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP)
return true ;
if (is_zero_pfn(pfn))
return true ;
return false ;
}
static vm_fault_t __vm_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn, bool mkwrite)
{
pgprot_t pgprot = vma->vm_page_prot;
int err;
if (!vm_mixed_ok(vma, pfn, mkwrite))
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
pfnmap_setup_cachemode_pfn(pfn, &pgprot);
if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, pgprot))
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/*
* If we don ' t have pte special , then we have to use the pfn_valid ( )
* based VM_MIXEDMAP scheme ( see vm_normal_page ) , and thus we * must *
* refcount the page if pfn_valid is true ( hence insert_page rather
* than insert_pfn ) . If a zero_pfn were inserted into a VM_MIXEDMAP
* without pte special , it would there be refcounted as a normal page .
*/
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL) && pfn_valid(pfn)) {
struct page *page;
/*
* At this point we are committed to insert_page ( )
* regardless of whether the caller specified flags that
* result in pfn_t_has_page ( ) = = false .
*/
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
err = insert_page(vma, addr, page, pgprot, mkwrite);
} else {
return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot, mkwrite);
}
if (err == -ENOMEM)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
if (err < 0 && err != -EBUSY)
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct page *page,
bool write)
{
pgprot_t pgprot = vmf->vma->vm_page_prot;
unsigned long addr = vmf->address;
int err;
if (addr < vmf->vma->vm_start || addr >= vmf->vma->vm_end)
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
err = insert_page(vmf->vma, addr, page, pgprot, write);
if (err == -ENOMEM)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
if (err < 0 && err != -EBUSY)
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vmf_insert_page_mkwrite);
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn)
{
return __vm_insert_mixed(vma, addr, pfn, false );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmf_insert_mixed);
/*
* If the insertion of PTE failed because someone else already added a
* different entry in the mean time , we treat that as success as we assume
* the same entry was actually inserted .
*/
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_mixed_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn)
{
return __vm_insert_mixed(vma, addr, pfn, true );
}
/*
* maps a range of physical memory into the requested pages . the old
* mappings are removed . any references to nonexistent pages results
* in null mappings ( currently treated as " copy - on - access " )
*/
static int remap_pte_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
{
pte_t *pte, *mapped_pte;
spinlock_t *ptl;
int err = 0 ;
mapped_pte = pte = pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
if (!pte)
return -ENOMEM;
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
do {
BUG_ON(!pte_none(ptep_get(pte)));
if (!pfn_modify_allowed(pfn, prot)) {
err = -EACCES;
break ;
}
set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(pfn, prot)));
pfn++;
} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
pte_unmap_unlock(mapped_pte, ptl);
return err;
}
static inline int remap_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
int err;
pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr);
if (!pmd)
return -ENOMEM;
VM_BUG_ON(pmd_trans_huge(*pmd));
do {
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
err = remap_pte_range(mm, pmd, addr, next,
pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot);
if (err)
return err;
} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int remap_pud_range(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4d,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
int err;
pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, addr);
if (!pud)
return -ENOMEM;
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
err = remap_pmd_range(mm, pud, addr, next,
pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot);
if (err)
return err;
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int remap_p4d_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot)
{
p4d_t *p4d;
unsigned long next;
int err;
pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
p4d = p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, addr);
if (!p4d)
return -ENOMEM;
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
err = remap_pud_range(mm, p4d, addr, next,
pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot);
if (err)
return err;
} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static int remap_pfn_range_internal(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long end = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size);
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
int err;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(addr)))
return -EINVAL;
/*
* Physically remapped pages are special . Tell the
* rest of the world about it :
* VM_IO tells people not to look at these pages
* ( accesses can have side effects ) .
* VM_PFNMAP tells the core MM that the base pages are just
* raw PFN mappings , and do not have a " struct page " associated
* with them .
* VM_DONTEXPAND
* Disable vma merging and expanding with mremap ( ) .
* VM_DONTDUMP
* Omit vma from core dump , even when VM_IO turned off .
*
* There ' s a horrible special case to handle copy - on - write
* behaviour that some programs depend on . We mark the " original "
* un - COW ' ed pages by matching them up with " vma - > vm_pgoff " .
* See vm_normal_page ( ) for details .
*/
if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) {
if (addr != vma->vm_start || end != vma->vm_end)
return -EINVAL;
vma->vm_pgoff = pfn;
}
vm_flags_set(vma, VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP);
BUG_ON(addr >= end);
pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
flush_cache_range(vma, addr, end);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
err = remap_p4d_range(mm, pgd, addr, next,
pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot);
if (err)
return err;
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Variant of remap_pfn_range that does not call track_pfn_remap . The caller
* must have pre - validated the caching bits of the pgprot_t .
*/
int remap_pfn_range_notrack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
{
int error = remap_pfn_range_internal(vma, addr, pfn, size, prot);
if (!error)
return 0 ;
/*
* A partial pfn range mapping is dangerous : it does not
* maintain page reference counts , and callers may free
* pages due to the error . So zap it early .
*/
zap_page_range_single(vma, addr, size, NULL);
return error;
}
#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
static inline struct pfnmap_track_ctx *pfnmap_track_ctx_alloc(unsigned long pfn,
unsigned long size, pgprot_t *prot)
{
struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx;
if (pfnmap_track(pfn, size, prot))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
ctx = kmalloc(sizeof (*ctx), GFP_KERNEL);
if (unlikely(!ctx)) {
pfnmap_untrack(pfn, size);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
ctx->pfn = pfn;
ctx->size = size;
kref_init(&ctx->kref);
return ctx;
}
void pfnmap_track_ctx_release(struct kref *ref)
{
struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = container_of(ref, struct pfnmap_track_ctx, kref);
pfnmap_untrack(ctx->pfn, ctx->size);
kfree(ctx);
}
#endif /* __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING */
/**
* remap_pfn_range - remap kernel memory to userspace
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ addr : target page aligned user address to start at
* @ pfn : page frame number of kernel physical memory address
* @ size : size of mapping area
* @ prot : page protection flags for this mapping
*
* Note : this is only safe if the mm semaphore is held when called .
*
* Return : % 0 on success , negative error code otherwise .
*/
#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
{
struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = NULL;
int err;
size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
/*
* If we cover the full VMA , we ' ll perform actual tracking , and
* remember to untrack when the last reference to our tracking
* context from a VMA goes away . We ' ll keep tracking the whole pfn
* range even during VMA splits and partial unmapping .
*
* If we only cover parts of the VMA , we ' ll only setup the cachemode
* in the pgprot for the pfn range .
*/
if (addr == vma->vm_start && addr + size == vma->vm_end) {
if (vma->pfnmap_track_ctx)
return -EINVAL;
ctx = pfnmap_track_ctx_alloc(pfn, size, &prot);
if (IS_ERR(ctx))
return PTR_ERR(ctx);
} else if (pfnmap_setup_cachemode(pfn, size, &prot)) {
return -EINVAL;
}
err = remap_pfn_range_notrack(vma, addr, pfn, size, prot);
if (ctx) {
if (err)
kref_put(&ctx->kref, pfnmap_track_ctx_release);
else
vma->pfnmap_track_ctx = ctx;
}
return err;
}
#else
int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
{
return remap_pfn_range_notrack(vma, addr, pfn, size, prot);
}
#endif
EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_pfn_range);
/**
* vm_iomap_memory - remap memory to userspace
* @ vma : user vma to map to
* @ start : start of the physical memory to be mapped
* @ len : size of area
*
* This is a simplified io_remap_pfn_range ( ) for common driver use . The
* driver just needs to give us the physical memory range to be mapped ,
* we ' ll figure out the rest from the vma information .
*
* NOTE ! Some drivers might want to tweak vma - > vm_page_prot first to get
* whatever write - combining details or similar .
*
* Return : % 0 on success , negative error code otherwise .
*/
int vm_iomap_memory(struct vm_area_struct *vma, phys_addr_t start, unsigned long len)
{
unsigned long vm_len, pfn, pages;
/* Check that the physical memory area passed in looks valid */
if (start + len < start)
return -EINVAL;
/*
* You * really * shouldn ' t map things that aren ' t page - aligned ,
* but we ' ve historically allowed it because IO memory might
* just have smaller alignment .
*/
len += start & ~PAGE_MASK;
pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pages = (len + ~PAGE_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (pfn + pages < pfn)
return -EINVAL;
/* We start the mapping 'vm_pgoff' pages into the area */
if (vma->vm_pgoff > pages)
return -EINVAL;
pfn += vma->vm_pgoff;
pages -= vma->vm_pgoff;
/* Can we fit all of the mapping? */
vm_len = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
if (vm_len >> PAGE_SHIFT > pages)
return -EINVAL;
/* Ok, let it rip */
return io_remap_pfn_range(vma, vma->vm_start, pfn, vm_len, vma->vm_page_prot);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_iomap_memory);
static int apply_to_pte_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pte_fn_t fn, void *data, bool create,
pgtbl_mod_mask *mask)
{
pte_t *pte, *mapped_pte;
int err = 0 ;
spinlock_t *ptl;
if (create) {
mapped_pte = pte = (mm == &init_mm) ?
pte_alloc_kernel_track(pmd, addr, mask) :
pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
if (!pte)
return -ENOMEM;
} else {
mapped_pte = pte = (mm == &init_mm) ?
pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr) :
pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
if (!pte)
return -EINVAL;
}
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
if (fn) {
do {
if (create || !pte_none(ptep_get(pte))) {
err = fn(pte, addr, data);
if (err)
break ;
}
} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
}
*mask |= PGTBL_PTE_MODIFIED;
arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
if (mm != &init_mm)
pte_unmap_unlock(mapped_pte, ptl);
return err;
}
static int apply_to_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pte_fn_t fn, void *data, bool create,
pgtbl_mod_mask *mask)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
int err = 0 ;
BUG_ON(pud_leaf(*pud));
if (create) {
pmd = pmd_alloc_track(mm, pud, addr, mask);
if (!pmd)
return -ENOMEM;
} else {
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
}
do {
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && !create)
continue ;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_leaf(*pmd)))
return -EINVAL;
if (!pmd_none(*pmd) && WARN_ON_ONCE(pmd_bad(*pmd))) {
if (!create)
continue ;
pmd_clear_bad(pmd);
}
err = apply_to_pte_range(mm, pmd, addr, next,
fn, data, create, mask);
if (err)
break ;
} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return err;
}
static int apply_to_pud_range(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4d,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pte_fn_t fn, void *data, bool create,
pgtbl_mod_mask *mask)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
int err = 0 ;
if (create) {
pud = pud_alloc_track(mm, p4d, addr, mask);
if (!pud)
return -ENOMEM;
} else {
pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
}
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_none(*pud) && !create)
continue ;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_leaf(*pud)))
return -EINVAL;
if (!pud_none(*pud) && WARN_ON_ONCE(pud_bad(*pud))) {
if (!create)
continue ;
pud_clear_bad(pud);
}
err = apply_to_pmd_range(mm, pud, addr, next,
fn, data, create, mask);
if (err)
break ;
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return err;
}
static int apply_to_p4d_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pte_fn_t fn, void *data, bool create,
pgtbl_mod_mask *mask)
{
p4d_t *p4d;
unsigned long next;
int err = 0 ;
if (create) {
p4d = p4d_alloc_track(mm, pgd, addr, mask);
if (!p4d)
return -ENOMEM;
} else {
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
}
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (p4d_none(*p4d) && !create)
continue ;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(p4d_leaf(*p4d)))
return -EINVAL;
if (!p4d_none(*p4d) && WARN_ON_ONCE(p4d_bad(*p4d))) {
if (!create)
continue ;
p4d_clear_bad(p4d);
}
err = apply_to_pud_range(mm, p4d, addr, next,
fn, data, create, mask);
if (err)
break ;
} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
return err;
}
static int __apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long size, pte_fn_t fn,
void *data, bool create)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long start = addr, next;
unsigned long end = addr + size;
pgtbl_mod_mask mask = 0 ;
int err = 0 ;
if (WARN_ON(addr >= end))
return -EINVAL;
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none(*pgd) && !create)
continue ;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pgd_leaf(*pgd))) {
err = -EINVAL;
break ;
}
if (!pgd_none(*pgd) && WARN_ON_ONCE(pgd_bad(*pgd))) {
if (!create)
continue ;
pgd_clear_bad(pgd);
}
err = apply_to_p4d_range(mm, pgd, addr, next,
fn, data, create, &mask);
if (err)
break ;
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
if (mask & ARCH_PAGE_TABLE_SYNC_MASK)
arch_sync_kernel_mappings(start, start + size);
return err;
}
/*
* Scan a region of virtual memory , filling in page tables as necessary
* and calling a provided function on each leaf page table .
*/
int apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data)
{
return __apply_to_page_range(mm, addr, size, fn, data, true );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(apply_to_page_range);
/*
* Scan a region of virtual memory , calling a provided function on
* each leaf page table where it exists .
*
* Unlike apply_to_page_range , this does _ not_ fill in page tables
* where they are absent .
*/
int apply_to_existing_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data)
{
return __apply_to_page_range(mm, addr, size, fn, data, false );
}
/*
* handle_pte_fault chooses page fault handler according to an entry which was
* read non - atomically . Before making any commitment , on those architectures
* or configurations ( e . g . i386 with PAE ) which might give a mix of unmatched
* parts , do_swap_page must check under lock before unmapping the pte and
* proceeding ( but do_wp_page is only called after already making such a check ;
* and do_anonymous_page can safely check later on ) .
*/
static inline int pte_unmap_same(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
int same = 1 ;
#if defined (CONFIG_SMP) || defined (CONFIG_PREEMPTION)
if (sizeof (pte_t) > sizeof (unsigned long )) {
spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
same = pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte);
spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
}
#endif
pte_unmap(vmf->pte);
vmf->pte = NULL;
return same;
}
/*
* Return :
* 0 : copied succeeded
* - EHWPOISON : copy failed due to hwpoison in source page
* - EAGAIN : copied failed ( some other reason )
*/
static inline int __wp_page_copy_user(struct page *dst, struct page *src,
struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
int ret;
void *kaddr;
void __user *uaddr;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
unsigned long addr = vmf->address;
if (likely(src)) {
if (copy_mc_user_highpage(dst, src, addr, vma))
return -EHWPOISON;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* If the source page was a PFN mapping , we don ' t have
* a " struct page " for it . We do a best - effort copy by
* just copying from the original user address . If that
* fails , we just zero - fill it . Live with it .
*/
kaddr = kmap_local_page(dst);
pagefault_disable();
uaddr = (void __user *)(addr & PAGE_MASK);
/*
* On architectures with software " accessed " bits , we would
* take a double page fault , so mark it accessed here .
*/
vmf->pte = NULL;
if (!arch_has_hw_pte_young() && !pte_young(vmf->orig_pte)) {
pte_t entry;
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte || !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) {
/*
* Other thread has already handled the fault
* and update local tlb only
*/
if (vmf->pte)
update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr, vmf->pte);
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto pte_unlock;
}
entry = pte_mkyoung(vmf->orig_pte);
if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, addr, vmf->pte, entry, 0 ))
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, addr, vmf->pte, 1 );
}
/*
* This really shouldn ' t fail , because the page is there
* in the page tables . But it might just be unreadable ,
* in which case we just give up and fill the result with
* zeroes .
*/
if (__copy_from_user_inatomic(kaddr, uaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) {
if (vmf->pte)
goto warn;
/* Re-validate under PTL if the page is still mapped */
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte || !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) {
/* The PTE changed under us, update local tlb */
if (vmf->pte)
update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr, vmf->pte);
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto pte_unlock;
}
/*
* The same page can be mapped back since last copy attempt .
* Try to copy again under PTL .
*/
if (__copy_from_user_inatomic(kaddr, uaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) {
/*
* Give a warn in case there can be some obscure
* use - case
*/
warn:
WARN_ON_ONCE(1 );
clear_page(kaddr);
}
}
ret = 0 ;
pte_unlock:
if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
pagefault_enable();
kunmap_local(kaddr);
flush_dcache_page(dst);
return ret;
}
static gfp_t __get_fault_gfp_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
struct file *vm_file = vma->vm_file;
if (vm_file)
return mapping_gfp_mask(vm_file->f_mapping) | __GFP_FS | __GFP_IO;
/*
* Special mappings ( e . g . VDSO ) do not have any file so fake
* a default GFP_KERNEL for them .
*/
return GFP_KERNEL;
}
/*
* Notify the address space that the page is about to become writable so that
* it can prohibit this or wait for the page to get into an appropriate state .
*
* We do this without the lock held , so that it can sleep if it needs to .
*/
static vm_fault_t do_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
{
vm_fault_t ret;
unsigned int old_flags = vmf->flags;
vmf->flags = FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE;
if (vmf->vma->vm_file &&
IS_SWAPFILE(vmf->vma->vm_file->f_mapping->host))
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
ret = vmf->vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite(vmf);
/* Restore original flags so that caller is not surprised */
vmf->flags = old_flags;
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE)))
return ret;
if (unlikely(!(ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED))) {
folio_lock(folio);
if (!folio->mapping) {
folio_unlock(folio);
return 0 ; /* retry */
}
ret |= VM_FAULT_LOCKED;
} else
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
return ret;
}
/*
* Handle dirtying of a page in shared file mapping on a write fault .
*
* The function expects the page to be locked and unlocks it .
*/
static vm_fault_t fault_dirty_shared_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct address_space *mapping;
struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
bool dirtied;
bool page_mkwrite = vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite;
dirtied = folio_mark_dirty(folio);
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_anon(folio), folio);
/*
* Take a local copy of the address_space - folio . mapping may be zeroed
* by truncate after folio_unlock ( ) . The address_space itself remains
* pinned by vma - > vm_file ' s reference . We rely on folio_unlock ( ) ' s
* release semantics to prevent the compiler from undoing this copying .
*/
mapping = folio_raw_mapping(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
if (!page_mkwrite)
file_update_time(vma->vm_file);
/*
* Throttle page dirtying rate down to writeback speed .
*
* mapping may be NULL here because some device drivers do not
* set page . mapping but still dirty their pages
*
* Drop the mmap_lock before waiting on IO , if we can . The file
* is pinning the mapping , as per above .
*/
if ((dirtied || page_mkwrite) && mapping) {
struct file *fpin;
fpin = maybe_unlock_mmap_for_io(vmf, NULL);
balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping);
if (fpin) {
fput(fpin);
return VM_FAULT_COMPLETED;
}
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Handle write page faults for pages that can be reused in the current vma
*
* This can happen either due to the mapping being with the VM_SHARED flag ,
* or due to us being the last reference standing to the page . In either
* case , all we need to do here is to mark the page as writable and update
* any related book - keeping .
*/
static inline void wp_page_reuse(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
__releases(vmf->ptl)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
pte_t entry;
VM_BUG_ON(!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE));
VM_WARN_ON(is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(vmf->orig_pte)));
if (folio) {
VM_BUG_ON(folio_test_anon(folio) &&
!PageAnonExclusive(vmf->page));
/*
* Clear the folio ' s cpupid information as the existing
* information potentially belongs to a now completely
* unrelated process .
*/
folio_xchg_last_cpupid(folio, (1 << LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT) - 1 );
}
flush_cache_page(vma, vmf->address, pte_pfn(vmf->orig_pte));
entry = pte_mkyoung(vmf->orig_pte);
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, entry, 1 ))
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, 1 );
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
count_vm_event(PGREUSE);
}
/*
* We could add a bitflag somewhere , but for now , we know that all
* vm_ops that have a - > map_pages have been audited and don ' t need
* the mmap_lock to be held .
*/
static inline vm_fault_t vmf_can_call_fault(const struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
if (vma->vm_ops->map_pages || !(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK))
return 0 ;
vma_end_read(vma);
return VM_FAULT_RETRY;
}
/**
* _ _ vmf_anon_prepare - Prepare to handle an anonymous fault .
* @ vmf : The vm_fault descriptor passed from the fault handler .
*
* When preparing to insert an anonymous page into a VMA from a
* fault handler , call this function rather than anon_vma_prepare ( ) .
* If this vma does not already have an associated anon_vma and we are
* only protected by the per - VMA lock , the caller must retry with the
* mmap_lock held . _ _ anon_vma_prepare ( ) will look at adjacent VMAs to
* determine if this VMA can share its anon_vma , and that ' s not safe to
* do with only the per - VMA lock held for this VMA .
*
* Return : 0 if fault handling can proceed . Any other value should be
* returned to the caller .
*/
vm_fault_t __vmf_anon_prepare(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
vm_fault_t ret = 0 ;
if (likely(vma->anon_vma))
return 0 ;
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK) {
if (!mmap_read_trylock(vma->vm_mm))
return VM_FAULT_RETRY;
}
if (__anon_vma_prepare(vma))
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
mmap_read_unlock(vma->vm_mm);
return ret;
}
/*
* Handle the case of a page which we actually need to copy to a new page ,
* either due to COW or unsharing .
*
* Called with mmap_lock locked and the old page referenced , but
* without the ptl held .
*
* High level logic flow :
*
* - Allocate a page , copy the content of the old page to the new one .
* - Handle book keeping and accounting - cgroups , mmu - notifiers , etc .
* - Take the PTL . If the pte changed , bail out and release the allocated page
* - If the pte is still the way we remember it , update the page table and all
* relevant references . This includes dropping the reference the page - table
* held to the old page , as well as updating the rmap .
* - In any case , unlock the PTL and drop the reference we took to the old page .
*/
static vm_fault_t wp_page_copy(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
const bool unshare = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
struct folio *old_folio = NULL;
struct folio *new_folio = NULL;
pte_t entry;
int page_copied = 0 ;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
vm_fault_t ret;
bool pfn_is_zero;
delayacct_wpcopy_start();
if (vmf->page)
old_folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
ret = vmf_anon_prepare(vmf);
if (unlikely(ret))
goto out;
pfn_is_zero = is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(vmf->orig_pte));
new_folio = folio_prealloc(mm, vma, vmf->address, pfn_is_zero);
if (!new_folio)
goto oom;
if (!pfn_is_zero) {
int err;
err = __wp_page_copy_user(&new_folio->page, vmf->page, vmf);
if (err) {
/*
* COW failed , if the fault was solved by other ,
* it ' s fine . If not , userspace would re - fault on
* the same address and we will handle the fault
* from the second attempt .
* The - EHWPOISON case will not be retried .
*/
folio_put(new_folio);
if (old_folio)
folio_put(old_folio);
delayacct_wpcopy_end();
return err == -EHWPOISON ? VM_FAULT_HWPOISON : 0 ;
}
kmsan_copy_page_meta(&new_folio->page, vmf->page);
}
__folio_mark_uptodate(new_folio);
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0 , mm,
vmf->address & PAGE_MASK,
(vmf->address & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
/*
* Re - check the pte - we dropped the lock
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (likely(vmf->pte && pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) {
if (old_folio) {
if (!folio_test_anon(old_folio)) {
dec_mm_counter(mm, mm_counter_file(old_folio));
inc_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
}
} else {
ksm_might_unmap_zero_page(mm, vmf->orig_pte);
inc_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
}
flush_cache_page(vma, vmf->address, pte_pfn(vmf->orig_pte));
entry = folio_mk_pte(new_folio, vma->vm_page_prot);
entry = pte_sw_mkyoung(entry);
if (unlikely(unshare)) {
if (pte_soft_dirty(vmf->orig_pte))
entry = pte_mksoft_dirty(entry);
if (pte_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte))
entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
} else {
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
}
/*
* Clear the pte entry and flush it first , before updating the
* pte with the new entry , to keep TLBs on different CPUs in
* sync . This code used to set the new PTE then flush TLBs , but
* that left a window where the new PTE could be loaded into
* some TLBs while the old PTE remains in others .
*/
ptep_clear_flush(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(new_folio, vma, vmf->address, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(new_folio, vma);
BUG_ON(unshare && pte_write(entry));
set_pte_at(mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte, entry);
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, 1 );
if (old_folio) {
/*
* Only after switching the pte to the new page may
* we remove the mapcount here . Otherwise another
* process may come and find the rmap count decremented
* before the pte is switched to the new page , and
* " reuse " the old page writing into it while our pte
* here still points into it and can be read by other
* threads .
*
* The critical issue is to order this
* folio_remove_rmap_pte ( ) with the ptp_clear_flush
* above . Those stores are ordered by ( if nothing else , )
* the barrier present in the atomic_add_negative
* in folio_remove_rmap_pte ( ) ;
*
* Then the TLB flush in ptep_clear_flush ensures that
* no process can access the old page before the
* decremented mapcount is visible . And the old page
* cannot be reused until after the decremented
* mapcount is visible . So transitively , TLBs to
* old page will be flushed before it can be reused .
*/
folio_remove_rmap_pte(old_folio, vmf->page, vma);
}
/* Free the old page.. */
new_folio = old_folio;
page_copied = 1 ;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
} else if (vmf->pte) {
update_mmu_tlb(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
}
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
if (new_folio)
folio_put(new_folio);
if (old_folio) {
if (page_copied)
free_swap_cache(old_folio);
folio_put(old_folio);
}
delayacct_wpcopy_end();
return 0 ;
oom:
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
out:
if (old_folio)
folio_put(old_folio);
delayacct_wpcopy_end();
return ret;
}
/**
* finish_mkwrite_fault - finish page fault for a shared mapping , making PTE
* writeable once the page is prepared
*
* @ vmf : structure describing the fault
* @ folio : the folio of vmf - > page
*
* This function handles all that is needed to finish a write page fault in a
* shared mapping due to PTE being read - only once the mapped page is prepared .
* It handles locking of PTE and modifying it .
*
* The function expects the page to be locked or other protection against
* concurrent faults / writeback ( such as DAX radix tree locks ) .
*
* Return : % 0 on success , % VM_FAULT_NOPAGE when PTE got changed before
* we acquired PTE lock .
*/
static vm_fault_t finish_mkwrite_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
{
WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vmf->vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED));
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address,
&vmf->ptl);
if (!vmf->pte)
return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
/*
* We might have raced with another page fault while we released the
* pte_offset_map_lock .
*/
if (!pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte)) {
update_mmu_tlb(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
wp_page_reuse(vmf, folio);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Handle write page faults for VM_MIXEDMAP or VM_PFNMAP for a VM_SHARED
* mapping
*/
static vm_fault_t wp_pfn_shared(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite) {
vm_fault_t ret;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf);
if (ret)
return ret;
vmf->flags |= FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE;
ret = vma->vm_ops->pfn_mkwrite(vmf);
if (ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE))
return ret;
return finish_mkwrite_fault(vmf, NULL);
}
wp_page_reuse(vmf, NULL);
return 0 ;
}
static vm_fault_t wp_page_shared(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio)
__releases(vmf->ptl)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
vm_fault_t ret = 0 ;
folio_get(folio);
if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite) {
vm_fault_t tmp;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
tmp = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf);
if (tmp) {
folio_put(folio);
return tmp;
}
tmp = do_page_mkwrite(vmf, folio);
if (unlikely(!tmp || (tmp &
(VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE)))) {
folio_put(folio);
return tmp;
}
tmp = finish_mkwrite_fault(vmf, folio);
if (unlikely(tmp & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE))) {
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
return tmp;
}
} else {
wp_page_reuse(vmf, folio);
folio_lock(folio);
}
ret |= fault_dirty_shared_page(vmf);
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
static bool __wp_can_reuse_large_anon_folio(struct folio *folio,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
bool exclusive = false ;
/* Let's just free up a large folio if only a single page is mapped. */
if (folio_large_mapcount(folio) <= 1 )
return false ;
/*
* The assumption for anonymous folios is that each page can only get
* mapped once into each MM . The only exception are KSM folios , which
* are always small .
*
* Each taken mapcount must be paired with exactly one taken reference ,
* whereby the refcount must be incremented before the mapcount when
* mapping a page , and the refcount must be decremented after the
* mapcount when unmapping a page .
*
* If all folio references are from mappings , and all mappings are in
* the page tables of this MM , then this folio is exclusive to this MM .
*/
if (test_bit(FOLIO_MM_IDS_SHARED_BITNUM, &folio->_mm_ids))
return false ;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_ksm(folio));
if (unlikely(folio_test_swapcache(folio))) {
/*
* Note : freeing up the swapcache will fail if some PTEs are
* still swap entries .
*/
if (!folio_trylock(folio))
return false ;
folio_free_swap(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
}
if (folio_large_mapcount(folio) != folio_ref_count(folio))
return false ;
/* Stabilize the mapcount vs. refcount and recheck. */
folio_lock_large_mapcount(folio);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_large_mapcount(folio) > folio_ref_count(folio), folio);
if (test_bit(FOLIO_MM_IDS_SHARED_BITNUM, &folio->_mm_ids))
goto unlock;
if (folio_large_mapcount(folio) != folio_ref_count(folio))
goto unlock;
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_large_mapcount(folio) > folio_nr_pages(folio), folio);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(folio_entire_mapcount(folio), folio);
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_mm_id(folio, 0 ) != vma->vm_mm->mm_id &&
folio_mm_id(folio, 1 ) != vma->vm_mm->mm_id);
/*
* Do we need the folio lock ? Likely not . If there would have been
* references from page migration / swapout , we would have detected
* an additional folio reference and never ended up here .
*/
exclusive = true ;
unlock:
folio_unlock_large_mapcount(folio);
return exclusive;
}
#else /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
static bool __wp_can_reuse_large_anon_folio(struct folio *folio,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
BUILD_BUG();
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
static bool wp_can_reuse_anon_folio(struct folio *folio,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && folio_test_large(folio))
return __wp_can_reuse_large_anon_folio(folio, vma);
/*
* We have to verify under folio lock : these early checks are
* just an optimization to avoid locking the folio and freeing
* the swapcache if there is little hope that we can reuse .
*
* KSM doesn ' t necessarily raise the folio refcount .
*/
if (folio_test_ksm(folio) || folio_ref_count(folio) > 3 )
return false ;
if (!folio_test_lru(folio))
/*
* We cannot easily detect + handle references from
* remote LRU caches or references to LRU folios .
*/
lru_add_drain();
if (folio_ref_count(folio) > 1 + folio_test_swapcache(folio))
return false ;
if (!folio_trylock(folio))
return false ;
if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
folio_free_swap(folio);
if (folio_test_ksm(folio) || folio_ref_count(folio) != 1 ) {
folio_unlock(folio);
return false ;
}
/*
* Ok , we ' ve got the only folio reference from our mapping
* and the folio is locked , it ' s dark out , and we ' re wearing
* sunglasses . Hit it .
*/
folio_move_anon_rmap(folio, vma);
folio_unlock(folio);
return true ;
}
/*
* This routine handles present pages , when
* * users try to write to a shared page ( FAULT_FLAG_WRITE )
* * GUP wants to take a R / O pin on a possibly shared anonymous page
* ( FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE )
*
* It is done by copying the page to a new address and decrementing the
* shared - page counter for the old page .
*
* Note that this routine assumes that the protection checks have been
* done by the caller ( the low - level page fault routine in most cases ) .
* Thus , with FAULT_FLAG_WRITE , we can safely just mark it writable once we ' ve
* done any necessary COW .
*
* In case of FAULT_FLAG_WRITE , we also mark the page dirty at this point even
* though the page will change only once the write actually happens . This
* avoids a few races , and potentially makes it more efficient .
*
* We enter with non - exclusive mmap_lock ( to exclude vma changes ,
* but allow concurrent faults ) , with pte both mapped and locked .
* We return with mmap_lock still held , but pte unmapped and unlocked .
*/
static vm_fault_t do_wp_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
__releases(vmf->ptl)
{
const bool unshare = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct folio *folio = NULL;
pte_t pte;
if (likely(!unshare)) {
if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, ptep_get(vmf->pte))) {
if (!userfaultfd_wp_async(vma)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_WP);
}
/*
* Nothing needed ( cache flush , TLB invalidations ,
* etc . ) because we ' re only removing the uffd - wp bit ,
* which is completely invisible to the user .
*/
pte = pte_clear_uffd_wp(ptep_get(vmf->pte));
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte, pte);
/*
* Update this to be prepared for following up CoW
* handling
*/
vmf->orig_pte = pte;
}
/*
* Userfaultfd write - protect can defer flushes . Ensure the TLB
* is flushed in this case before copying .
*/
if (unlikely(userfaultfd_wp(vmf->vma) &&
mm_tlb_flush_pending(vmf->vma->vm_mm)))
flush_tlb_page(vmf->vma, vmf->address);
}
vmf->page = vm_normal_page(vma, vmf->address, vmf->orig_pte);
if (vmf->page)
folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
/*
* Shared mapping : we are guaranteed to have VM_WRITE and
* FAULT_FLAG_WRITE set at this point .
*/
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE)) {
/*
* VM_MIXEDMAP ! pfn_valid ( ) case , or VM_SOFTDIRTY clear on a
* VM_PFNMAP VMA . FS DAX also wants ops - > pfn_mkwrite called .
*
* We should not cow pages in a shared writeable mapping .
* Just mark the pages writable and / or call ops - > pfn_mkwrite .
*/
if (!vmf->page || is_fsdax_page(vmf->page)) {
vmf->page = NULL;
return wp_pfn_shared(vmf);
}
return wp_page_shared(vmf, folio);
}
/*
* Private mapping : create an exclusive anonymous page copy if reuse
* is impossible . We might miss VM_WRITE for FOLL_FORCE handling .
*
* If we encounter a page that is marked exclusive , we must reuse
* the page without further checks .
*/
if (folio && folio_test_anon(folio) &&
(PageAnonExclusive(vmf->page) || wp_can_reuse_anon_folio(folio, vma))) {
if (!PageAnonExclusive(vmf->page))
SetPageAnonExclusive(vmf->page);
if (unlikely(unshare)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return 0 ;
}
wp_page_reuse(vmf, folio);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Ok , we need to copy . Oh , well . .
*/
if (folio)
folio_get(folio);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
#ifdef CONFIG_KSM
if (folio && folio_test_ksm(folio))
count_vm_event(COW_KSM);
#endif
return wp_page_copy(vmf);
}
static void unmap_mapping_range_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long end_addr,
struct zap_details *details)
{
zap_page_range_single(vma, start_addr, end_addr - start_addr, details);
}
static inline void unmap_mapping_range_tree(struct rb_root_cached *root,
pgoff_t first_index,
pgoff_t last_index,
struct zap_details *details)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
pgoff_t vba, vea, zba, zea;
vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, root, first_index, last_index) {
vba = vma->vm_pgoff;
vea = vba + vma_pages(vma) - 1 ;
zba = max(first_index, vba);
zea = min(last_index, vea);
unmap_mapping_range_vma(vma,
((zba - vba) << PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_start,
((zea - vba + 1 ) << PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_start,
details);
}
}
/**
* unmap_mapping_folio ( ) - Unmap single folio from processes .
* @ folio : The locked folio to be unmapped .
*
* Unmap this folio from any userspace process which still has it mmaped .
* Typically , for efficiency , the range of nearby pages has already been
* unmapped by unmap_mapping_pages ( ) or unmap_mapping_range ( ) . But once
* truncation or invalidation holds the lock on a folio , it may find that
* the page has been remapped again : and then uses unmap_mapping_folio ( )
* to unmap it finally .
*/
void unmap_mapping_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
struct zap_details details = { };
pgoff_t first_index;
pgoff_t last_index;
VM_BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio));
first_index = folio->index;
last_index = folio_next_index(folio) - 1 ;
details.even_cows = false ;
details.single_folio = folio;
details.zap_flags = ZAP_FLAG_DROP_MARKER;
i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
if (unlikely(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&mapping->i_mmap.rb_root)))
unmap_mapping_range_tree(&mapping->i_mmap, first_index,
last_index, &details);
i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
}
/**
* unmap_mapping_pages ( ) - Unmap pages from processes .
* @ mapping : The address space containing pages to be unmapped .
* @ start : Index of first page to be unmapped .
* @ nr : Number of pages to be unmapped . 0 to unmap to end of file .
* @ even_cows : Whether to unmap even private COWed pages .
*
* Unmap the pages in this address space from any userspace process which
* has them mmaped . Generally , you want to remove COWed pages as well when
* a file is being truncated , but not when invalidating pages from the page
* cache .
*/
void unmap_mapping_pages(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t start,
pgoff_t nr, bool even_cows)
{
struct zap_details details = { };
pgoff_t first_index = start;
pgoff_t last_index = start + nr - 1 ;
details.even_cows = even_cows;
if (last_index < first_index)
last_index = ULONG_MAX;
i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
if (unlikely(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&mapping->i_mmap.rb_root)))
unmap_mapping_range_tree(&mapping->i_mmap, first_index,
last_index, &details);
i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unmap_mapping_pages);
/**
* unmap_mapping_range - unmap the portion of all mmaps in the specified
* address_space corresponding to the specified byte range in the underlying
* file .
*
* @ mapping : the address space containing mmaps to be unmapped .
* @ holebegin : byte in first page to unmap , relative to the start of
* the underlying file . This will be rounded down to a PAGE_SIZE
* boundary . Note that this is different from truncate_pagecache ( ) , which
* must keep the partial page . In contrast , we must get rid of
* partial pages .
* @ holelen : size of prospective hole in bytes . This will be rounded
* up to a PAGE_SIZE boundary . A holelen of zero truncates to the
* end of the file .
* @ even_cows : 1 when truncating a file , unmap even private COWed pages ;
* but 0 when invalidating pagecache , don ' t throw away private data .
*/
void unmap_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen, int even_cows)
{
pgoff_t hba = (pgoff_t)(holebegin) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
pgoff_t hlen = ((pgoff_t)(holelen) + PAGE_SIZE - 1 ) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
/* Check for overflow. */
if (sizeof (holelen) > sizeof (hlen)) {
long long holeend =
(holebegin + holelen + PAGE_SIZE - 1 ) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (holeend & ~(long long )ULONG_MAX)
hlen = ULONG_MAX - hba + 1 ;
}
unmap_mapping_pages(mapping, hba, hlen, even_cows);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unmap_mapping_range);
/*
* Restore a potential device exclusive pte to a working pte entry
*/
static vm_fault_t remove_device_exclusive_entry(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
vm_fault_t ret;
/*
* We need a reference to lock the folio because we don ' t hold
* the PTL so a racing thread can remove the device - exclusive
* entry and unmap it . If the folio is free the entry must
* have been removed already . If it happens to have already
* been re - allocated after being freed all we do is lock and
* unlock it .
*/
if (!folio_try_get(folio))
return 0 ;
ret = folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vmf);
if (ret) {
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
mmu_notifier_range_init_owner(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0 ,
vma->vm_mm, vmf->address & PAGE_MASK,
(vmf->address & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE, NULL);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address,
&vmf->ptl);
if (likely(vmf->pte && pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte)))
restore_exclusive_pte(vma, folio, vmf->page, vmf->address,
vmf->pte, vmf->orig_pte);
if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
return 0 ;
}
static inline bool should_try_to_free_swap(struct folio *folio,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int fault_flags)
{
if (!folio_test_swapcache(folio))
return false ;
if (mem_cgroup_swap_full(folio) || (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
folio_test_mlocked(folio))
return true ;
/*
* If we want to map a page that ' s in the swapcache writable , we
* have to detect via the refcount if we ' re really the exclusive
* user . Try freeing the swapcache to get rid of the swapcache
* reference only in case it ' s likely that we ' ll be the exlusive user .
*/
return (fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !folio_test_ksm(folio) &&
folio_ref_count(folio) == (1 + folio_nr_pages(folio));
}
static vm_fault_t pte_marker_clear(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (!vmf->pte)
return 0 ;
/*
* Be careful so that we will only recover a special uffd - wp pte into a
* none pte . Otherwise it means the pte could have changed , so retry .
*
* This should also cover the case where e . g . the pte changed
* quickly from a PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP into PTE_MARKER_POISONED .
* So is_pte_marker ( ) check is not enough to safely drop the pte .
*/
if (pte_same(vmf->orig_pte, ptep_get(vmf->pte)))
pte_clear(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return 0 ;
}
static vm_fault_t do_pte_missing(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
if (vma_is_anonymous(vmf->vma))
return do_anonymous_page(vmf);
else
return do_fault(vmf);
}
/*
* This is actually a page - missing access , but with uffd - wp special pte
* installed . It means this pte was wr - protected before being unmapped .
*/
static vm_fault_t pte_marker_handle_uffd_wp(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
/*
* Just in case there ' re leftover special ptes even after the region
* got unregistered - we can simply clear them .
*/
if (unlikely(!userfaultfd_wp(vmf->vma)))
return pte_marker_clear(vmf);
return do_pte_missing(vmf);
}
static vm_fault_t handle_pte_marker(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(vmf->orig_pte);
unsigned long marker = pte_marker_get(entry);
/*
* PTE markers should never be empty . If anything weird happened ,
* the best thing to do is to kill the process along with its mm .
*/
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!marker))
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/* Higher priority than uffd-wp when data corrupted */
if (marker & PTE_MARKER_POISONED)
return VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
/* Hitting a guard page is always a fatal condition. */
if (marker & PTE_MARKER_GUARD)
return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
if (pte_marker_entry_uffd_wp(entry))
return pte_marker_handle_uffd_wp(vmf);
/* This is an unknown pte marker */
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
}
static struct folio *__alloc_swap_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct folio *folio;
swp_entry_t entry;
folio = vma_alloc_folio(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, 0 , vma, vmf->address);
if (!folio)
return NULL;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(vmf->orig_pte);
if (mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(folio, vma->vm_mm,
GFP_KERNEL, entry)) {
folio_put(folio);
return NULL;
}
return folio;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
/*
* Check if the PTEs within a range are contiguous swap entries
* and have consistent swapcache , zeromap .
*/
static bool can_swapin_thp(struct vm_fault *vmf, pte_t *ptep, int nr_pages)
{
unsigned long addr;
swp_entry_t entry;
int idx;
pte_t pte;
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
idx = (vmf->address - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
pte = ptep_get(ptep);
if (!pte_same(pte, pte_move_swp_offset(vmf->orig_pte, -idx)))
return false ;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(pte);
if (swap_pte_batch(ptep, nr_pages, pte) != nr_pages)
return false ;
/*
* swap_read_folio ( ) can ' t handle the case a large folio is hybridly
* from different backends . And they are likely corner cases . Similar
* things might be added once zswap support large folios .
*/
if (unlikely(swap_zeromap_batch(entry, nr_pages, NULL) != nr_pages))
return false ;
if (unlikely(non_swapcache_batch(entry, nr_pages) != nr_pages))
return false ;
return true ;
}
static inline unsigned long thp_swap_suitable_orders(pgoff_t swp_offset,
unsigned long addr,
unsigned long orders)
{
int order, nr;
order = highest_order(orders);
/*
* To swap in a THP with nr pages , we require that its first swap_offset
* is aligned with that number , as it was when the THP was swapped out .
* This helps filter out most invalid entries .
*/
while (orders) {
nr = 1 << order;
if ((addr >> PAGE_SHIFT) % nr == swp_offset % nr)
break ;
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
return orders;
}
static struct folio *alloc_swap_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
unsigned long orders;
struct folio *folio;
unsigned long addr;
swp_entry_t entry;
spinlock_t *ptl;
pte_t *pte;
gfp_t gfp;
int order;
/*
* If uffd is active for the vma we need per - page fault fidelity to
* maintain the uffd semantics .
*/
if (unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma)))
goto fallback;
/*
* A large swapped out folio could be partially or fully in zswap . We
* lack handling for such cases , so fallback to swapping in order - 0
* folio .
*/
if (!zswap_never_enabled())
goto fallback;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(vmf->orig_pte);
/*
* Get a list of all the ( large ) orders below PMD_ORDER that are enabled
* and suitable for swapping THP .
*/
orders = thp_vma_allowable_orders(vma, vma->vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, BIT(PMD_ORDER) - 1 );
orders = thp_vma_suitable_orders(vma, vmf->address, orders);
orders = thp_swap_suitable_orders(swp_offset(entry),
vmf->address, orders);
if (!orders)
goto fallback;
pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address & PMD_MASK, &ptl);
if (unlikely(!pte))
goto fallback;
/*
* For do_swap_page , find the highest order where the aligned range is
* completely swap entries with contiguous swap offsets .
*/
order = highest_order(orders);
while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
if (can_swapin_thp(vmf, pte + pte_index(addr), 1 << order))
break ;
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
/* Try allocating the highest of the remaining orders. */
gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
folio = vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr);
if (folio) {
if (!mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(folio, vma->vm_mm,
gfp, entry))
return folio;
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_SWPIN_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
folio_put(folio);
}
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_SWPIN_FALLBACK);
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
fallback:
return __alloc_swap_folio(vmf);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
static struct folio *alloc_swap_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
return __alloc_swap_folio(vmf);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(swapcache_wq);
/*
* We enter with non - exclusive mmap_lock ( to exclude vma changes ,
* but allow concurrent faults ) , and pte mapped but not yet locked .
* We return with pte unmapped and unlocked .
*
* We return with the mmap_lock locked or unlocked in the same cases
* as does filemap_fault ( ) .
*/
vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct folio *swapcache, *folio = NULL;
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
struct page *page;
struct swap_info_struct *si = NULL;
rmap_t rmap_flags = RMAP_NONE;
bool need_clear_cache = false ;
bool exclusive = false ;
swp_entry_t entry;
pte_t pte;
vm_fault_t ret = 0 ;
void *shadow = NULL;
int nr_pages;
unsigned long page_idx;
unsigned long address;
pte_t *ptep;
if (!pte_unmap_same(vmf))
goto out;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(vmf->orig_pte);
if (unlikely(non_swap_entry(entry))) {
if (is_migration_entry(entry)) {
migration_entry_wait(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address);
} else if (is_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) {
vmf->page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
ret = remove_device_exclusive_entry(vmf);
} else if (is_device_private_entry(entry)) {
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK) {
/*
* migrate_to_ram is not yet ready to operate
* under VMA lock .
*/
vma_end_read(vma);
ret = VM_FAULT_RETRY;
goto out;
}
vmf->page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte ||
!pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte),
vmf->orig_pte)))
goto unlock;
/*
* Get a page reference while we know the page can ' t be
* freed .
*/
if (trylock_page(vmf->page)) {
struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
get_page(vmf->page);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
pgmap = page_pgmap(vmf->page);
ret = pgmap->ops->migrate_to_ram(vmf);
unlock_page(vmf->page);
put_page(vmf->page);
} else {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
}
} else if (is_hwpoison_entry(entry)) {
ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
} else if (is_pte_marker_entry(entry)) {
ret = handle_pte_marker(vmf);
} else {
print_bad_pte(vma, vmf->address, vmf->orig_pte, NULL);
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
}
goto out;
}
/* Prevent swapoff from happening to us. */
si = get_swap_device(entry);
if (unlikely(!si))
goto out;
folio = swap_cache_get_folio(entry, vma, vmf->address);
if (folio)
page = folio_file_page(folio, swp_offset(entry));
swapcache = folio;
if (!folio) {
if (data_race(si->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO) &&
__swap_count(entry) == 1 ) {
/* skip swapcache */
folio = alloc_swap_folio(vmf);
if (folio) {
__folio_set_locked(folio);
__folio_set_swapbacked(folio);
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
if (folio_test_large(folio))
entry.val = ALIGN_DOWN(entry.val, nr_pages);
/*
* Prevent parallel swapin from proceeding with
* the cache flag . Otherwise , another thread
* may finish swapin first , free the entry , and
* swapout reusing the same entry . It ' s
* undetectable as pte_same ( ) returns true due
* to entry reuse .
*/
if (swapcache_prepare(entry, nr_pages)) {
/*
* Relax a bit to prevent rapid
* repeated page faults .
*/
add_wait_queue(&swapcache_wq, &wait);
schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1 );
remove_wait_queue(&swapcache_wq, &wait);
goto out_page;
}
need_clear_cache = true ;
memcg1_swapin(entry, nr_pages);
shadow = get_shadow_from_swap_cache(entry);
if (shadow)
workingset_refault(folio, shadow);
folio_add_lru(folio);
/* To provide entry to swap_read_folio() */
folio->swap = entry;
swap_read_folio(folio, NULL);
folio->private = NULL;
}
} else {
folio = swapin_readahead(entry, GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE,
vmf);
swapcache = folio;
}
if (!folio) {
/*
* Back out if somebody else faulted in this pte
* while we released the pte lock .
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (likely(vmf->pte &&
pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte)))
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
goto unlock;
}
/* Had to read the page from swap area: Major fault */
ret = VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
count_vm_event(PGMAJFAULT);
count_memcg_event_mm(vma->vm_mm, PGMAJFAULT);
page = folio_file_page(folio, swp_offset(entry));
} else if (PageHWPoison(page)) {
/*
* hwpoisoned dirty swapcache pages are kept for killing
* owner processes ( which may be unknown at hwpoison time )
*/
ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
goto out_release;
}
ret |= folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vmf);
if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY)
goto out_release;
if (swapcache) {
/*
* Make sure folio_free_swap ( ) or swapoff did not release the
* swapcache from under us . The page pin , and pte_same test
* below , are not enough to exclude that . Even if it is still
* swapcache , we need to check that the page ' s swap has not
* changed .
*/
if (unlikely(!folio_test_swapcache(folio) ||
page_swap_entry(page).val != entry.val))
goto out_page;
/*
* KSM sometimes has to copy on read faults , for example , if
* folio - > index of non - ksm folios would be nonlinear inside the
* anon VMA - - the ksm flag is lost on actual swapout .
*/
folio = ksm_might_need_to_copy(folio, vma, vmf->address);
if (unlikely(!folio)) {
ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
folio = swapcache;
goto out_page;
} else if (unlikely(folio == ERR_PTR(-EHWPOISON))) {
ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
folio = swapcache;
goto out_page;
}
if (folio != swapcache)
page = folio_page(folio, 0 );
/*
* If we want to map a page that ' s in the swapcache writable , we
* have to detect via the refcount if we ' re really the exclusive
* owner . Try removing the extra reference from the local LRU
* caches if required .
*/
if ((vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && folio == swapcache &&
!folio_test_ksm(folio) && !folio_test_lru(folio))
lru_add_drain();
}
folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, GFP_KERNEL);
/*
* Back out if somebody else already faulted in this pte .
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->address,
&vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte || !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte)))
goto out_nomap;
if (unlikely(!folio_test_uptodate(folio))) {
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
goto out_nomap;
}
/* allocated large folios for SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO */
if (folio_test_large(folio) && !folio_test_swapcache(folio)) {
unsigned long nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
unsigned long folio_start = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, nr * PAGE_SIZE);
unsigned long idx = (vmf->address - folio_start) / PAGE_SIZE;
pte_t *folio_ptep = vmf->pte - idx;
pte_t folio_pte = ptep_get(folio_ptep);
if (!pte_same(folio_pte, pte_move_swp_offset(vmf->orig_pte, -idx)) ||
swap_pte_batch(folio_ptep, nr, folio_pte) != nr)
goto out_nomap;
page_idx = idx;
address = folio_start;
ptep = folio_ptep;
goto check_folio;
}
nr_pages = 1 ;
page_idx = 0 ;
address = vmf->address;
ptep = vmf->pte;
if (folio_test_large(folio) && folio_test_swapcache(folio)) {
int nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
unsigned long idx = folio_page_idx(folio, page);
unsigned long folio_start = address - idx * PAGE_SIZE;
unsigned long folio_end = folio_start + nr * PAGE_SIZE;
pte_t *folio_ptep;
pte_t folio_pte;
if (unlikely(folio_start < max(address & PMD_MASK, vma->vm_start)))
goto check_folio;
if (unlikely(folio_end > pmd_addr_end(address, vma->vm_end)))
goto check_folio;
folio_ptep = vmf->pte - idx;
folio_pte = ptep_get(folio_ptep);
if (!pte_same(folio_pte, pte_move_swp_offset(vmf->orig_pte, -idx)) ||
swap_pte_batch(folio_ptep, nr, folio_pte) != nr)
goto check_folio;
page_idx = idx;
address = folio_start;
ptep = folio_ptep;
nr_pages = nr;
entry = folio->swap;
page = &folio->page;
}
check_folio:
/*
* PG_anon_exclusive reuses PG_mappedtodisk for anon pages . A swap pte
* must never point at an anonymous page in the swapcache that is
* PG_anon_exclusive . Sanity check that this holds and especially , that
* no filesystem set PG_mappedtodisk on a page in the swapcache . Sanity
* check after taking the PT lock and making sure that nobody
* concurrently faulted in this page and set PG_anon_exclusive .
*/
BUG_ON(!folio_test_anon(folio) && folio_test_mappedtodisk(folio));
BUG_ON(folio_test_anon(folio) && PageAnonExclusive(page));
/*
* Check under PT lock ( to protect against concurrent fork ( ) sharing
* the swap entry concurrently ) for certainly exclusive pages .
*/
if (!folio_test_ksm(folio)) {
exclusive = pte_swp_exclusive(vmf->orig_pte);
if (folio != swapcache) {
/*
* We have a fresh page that is not exposed to the
* swapcache - > certainly exclusive .
*/
exclusive = true ;
} else if (exclusive && folio_test_writeback(folio) &&
data_race(si->flags & SWP_STABLE_WRITES)) {
/*
* This is tricky : not all swap backends support
* concurrent page modifications while under writeback .
*
* So if we stumble over such a page in the swapcache
* we must not set the page exclusive , otherwise we can
* map it writable without further checks and modify it
* while still under writeback .
*
* For these problematic swap backends , simply drop the
* exclusive marker : this is perfectly fine as we start
* writeback only if we fully unmapped the page and
* there are no unexpected references on the page after
* unmapping succeeded . After fully unmapped , no
* further GUP references ( FOLL_GET and FOLL_PIN ) can
* appear , so dropping the exclusive marker and mapping
* it only R / O is fine .
*/
exclusive = false ;
}
}
/*
* Some architectures may have to restore extra metadata to the page
* when reading from swap . This metadata may be indexed by swap entry
* so this must be called before swap_free ( ) .
*/
arch_swap_restore(folio_swap(entry, folio), folio);
/*
* Remove the swap entry and conditionally try to free up the swapcache .
* We ' re already holding a reference on the page but haven ' t mapped it
* yet .
*/
swap_free_nr(entry, nr_pages);
if (should_try_to_free_swap(folio, vma, vmf->flags))
folio_free_swap(folio);
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, nr_pages);
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS, -nr_pages);
pte = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot);
if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(vmf->orig_pte))
pte = pte_mksoft_dirty(pte);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte))
pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(pte);
/*
* Same logic as in do_wp_page ( ) ; however , optimize for pages that are
* certainly not shared either because we just allocated them without
* exposing them to the swapcache or because the swap entry indicates
* exclusivity .
*/
if (!folio_test_ksm(folio) &&
(exclusive || folio_ref_count(folio) == 1 )) {
if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) && !userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte) &&
!pte_needs_soft_dirty_wp(vma, pte)) {
pte = pte_mkwrite(pte, vma);
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
pte = pte_mkdirty(pte);
vmf->flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
}
}
rmap_flags |= RMAP_EXCLUSIVE;
}
folio_ref_add(folio, nr_pages - 1 );
flush_icache_pages(vma, page, nr_pages);
vmf->orig_pte = pte_advance_pfn(pte, page_idx);
/* ksm created a completely new copy */
if (unlikely(folio != swapcache && swapcache)) {
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, address, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
} else if (!folio_test_anon(folio)) {
/*
* We currently only expect small ! anon folios which are either
* fully exclusive or fully shared , or new allocated large
* folios which are fully exclusive . If we ever get large
* folios within swapcache here , we have to be careful .
*/
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_large(folio) && folio_test_swapcache(folio));
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, address, rmap_flags);
} else {
folio_add_anon_rmap_ptes(folio, page, nr_pages, vma, address,
rmap_flags);
}
VM_BUG_ON(!folio_test_anon(folio) ||
(pte_write(pte) && !PageAnonExclusive(page)));
set_ptes(vma->vm_mm, address, ptep, pte, nr_pages);
arch_do_swap_page_nr(vma->vm_mm, vma, address,
pte, pte, nr_pages);
folio_unlock(folio);
if (folio != swapcache && swapcache) {
/*
* Hold the lock to avoid the swap entry to be reused
* until we take the PT lock for the pte_same ( ) check
* ( to avoid false positives from pte_same ) . For
* further safety release the lock after the swap_free
* so that the swap count won ' t change under a
* parallel locked swapcache .
*/
folio_unlock(swapcache);
folio_put(swapcache);
}
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
ret |= do_wp_page(vmf);
if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR)
ret &= VM_FAULT_ERROR;
goto out;
}
/* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, address, ptep, nr_pages);
unlock:
if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
out:
/* Clear the swap cache pin for direct swapin after PTL unlock */
if (need_clear_cache) {
swapcache_clear(si, entry, nr_pages);
if (waitqueue_active(&swapcache_wq))
wake_up(&swapcache_wq);
}
if (si)
put_swap_device(si);
return ret;
out_nomap:
if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
out_page:
folio_unlock(folio);
out_release:
folio_put(folio);
if (folio != swapcache && swapcache) {
folio_unlock(swapcache);
folio_put(swapcache);
}
if (need_clear_cache) {
swapcache_clear(si, entry, nr_pages);
if (waitqueue_active(&swapcache_wq))
wake_up(&swapcache_wq);
}
if (si)
put_swap_device(si);
return ret;
}
static bool pte_range_none(pte_t *pte, int nr_pages)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_pages; i++) {
if (!pte_none(ptep_get_lockless(pte + i)))
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
static struct folio *alloc_anon_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
unsigned long orders;
struct folio *folio;
unsigned long addr;
pte_t *pte;
gfp_t gfp;
int order;
/*
* If uffd is active for the vma we need per - page fault fidelity to
* maintain the uffd semantics .
*/
if (unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma)))
goto fallback;
/*
* Get a list of all the ( large ) orders below PMD_ORDER that are enabled
* for this vma . Then filter out the orders that can ' t be allocated over
* the faulting address and still be fully contained in the vma .
*/
orders = thp_vma_allowable_orders(vma, vma->vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, BIT(PMD_ORDER) - 1 );
orders = thp_vma_suitable_orders(vma, vmf->address, orders);
if (!orders)
goto fallback;
pte = pte_offset_map(vmf->pmd, vmf->address & PMD_MASK);
if (!pte)
return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
/*
* Find the highest order where the aligned range is completely
* pte_none ( ) . Note that all remaining orders will be completely
* pte_none ( ) .
*/
order = highest_order(orders);
while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
if (pte_range_none(pte + pte_index(addr), 1 << order))
break ;
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
pte_unmap(pte);
if (!orders)
goto fallback;
/* Try allocating the highest of the remaining orders. */
gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
while (orders) {
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, PAGE_SIZE << order);
folio = vma_alloc_folio(gfp, order, vma, addr);
if (folio) {
if (mem_cgroup_charge(folio, vma->vm_mm, gfp)) {
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_ANON_FAULT_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
folio_put(folio);
goto next;
}
folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, gfp);
/*
* When a folio is not zeroed during allocation
* ( _ _ GFP_ZERO not used ) or user folios require special
* handling , folio_zero_user ( ) is used to make sure
* that the page corresponding to the faulting address
* will be hot in the cache after zeroing .
*/
if (user_alloc_needs_zeroing())
folio_zero_user(folio, vmf->address);
return folio;
}
next:
count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_ANON_FAULT_FALLBACK);
order = next_order(&orders, order);
}
fallback:
#endif
return folio_prealloc(vma->vm_mm, vma, vmf->address, true );
}
/*
* We enter with non - exclusive mmap_lock ( to exclude vma changes ,
* but allow concurrent faults ) , and pte mapped but not yet locked .
* We return with mmap_lock still held , but pte unmapped and unlocked .
*/
static vm_fault_t do_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
unsigned long addr = vmf->address;
struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret = 0 ;
int nr_pages = 1 ;
pte_t entry;
/* File mapping without ->vm_ops ? */
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
/*
* Use pte_alloc ( ) instead of pte_alloc_map ( ) , so that OOM can
* be distinguished from a transient failure of pte_offset_map ( ) .
*/
if (pte_alloc(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd))
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
/* Use the zero-page for reads */
if (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) &&
!mm_forbids_zeropage(vma->vm_mm)) {
entry = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(vmf->address),
vma->vm_page_prot));
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (!vmf->pte)
goto unlock;
if (vmf_pte_changed(vmf)) {
update_mmu_tlb(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
goto unlock;
}
ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm);
if (ret)
goto unlock;
/* Deliver the page fault to userland, check inside PT lock */
if (userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
}
goto setpte;
}
/* Allocate our own private page. */
ret = vmf_anon_prepare(vmf);
if (ret)
return ret;
/* Returns NULL on OOM or ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN) if we must retry the fault */
folio = alloc_anon_folio(vmf);
if (IS_ERR(folio))
return 0 ;
if (!folio)
goto oom;
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
addr = ALIGN_DOWN(vmf->address, nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
/*
* The memory barrier inside _ _ folio_mark_uptodate makes sure that
* preceding stores to the page contents become visible before
* the set_pte_at ( ) write .
*/
__folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
entry = folio_mk_pte(folio, vma->vm_page_prot);
entry = pte_sw_mkyoung(entry);
if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
entry = pte_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, addr, &vmf->ptl);
if (!vmf->pte)
goto release;
if (nr_pages == 1 && vmf_pte_changed(vmf)) {
update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr, vmf->pte);
goto release;
} else if (nr_pages > 1 && !pte_range_none(vmf->pte, nr_pages)) {
update_mmu_tlb_range(vma, addr, vmf->pte, nr_pages);
goto release;
}
ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm);
if (ret)
goto release;
/* Deliver the page fault to userland, check inside PT lock */
if (userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
folio_put(folio);
return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
}
folio_ref_add(folio, nr_pages - 1 );
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, nr_pages);
count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_ANON_FAULT_ALLOC);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, addr, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
setpte:
if (vmf_orig_pte_uffd_wp(vmf))
entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
set_ptes(vma->vm_mm, addr, vmf->pte, entry, nr_pages);
/* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, addr, vmf->pte, nr_pages);
unlock:
if (vmf->pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return ret;
release:
folio_put(folio);
goto unlock;
oom:
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
/*
* The mmap_lock must have been held on entry , and may have been
* released depending on flags and vma - > vm_ops - > fault ( ) return value .
* See filemap_fault ( ) and _ _ lock_page_retry ( ) .
*/
static vm_fault_t __do_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret;
/*
* Preallocate pte before we take page_lock because this might lead to
* deadlocks for memcg reclaim which waits for pages under writeback :
* lock_page ( A )
* SetPageWriteback ( A )
* unlock_page ( A )
* lock_page ( B )
* lock_page ( B )
* pte_alloc_one
* shrink_folio_list
* wait_on_page_writeback ( A )
* SetPageWriteback ( B )
* unlock_page ( B )
* # flush A , B to clear the writeback
*/
if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd) && !vmf->prealloc_pte) {
vmf->prealloc_pte = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm);
if (!vmf->prealloc_pte)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
ret = vma->vm_ops->fault(vmf);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY |
VM_FAULT_DONE_COW)))
return ret;
folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
if (unlikely(PageHWPoison(vmf->page))) {
vm_fault_t poisonret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
if (ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED) {
if (page_mapped(vmf->page))
unmap_mapping_folio(folio);
/* Retry if a clean folio was removed from the cache. */
if (mapping_evict_folio(folio->mapping, folio))
poisonret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
folio_unlock(folio);
}
folio_put(folio);
vmf->page = NULL;
return poisonret;
}
if (unlikely(!(ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED)))
folio_lock(folio);
else
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!folio_test_locked(folio), vmf->page);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
static void deposit_prealloc_pte(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, vmf->prealloc_pte);
/*
* We are going to consume the prealloc table ,
* count that as nr_ptes .
*/
mm_inc_nr_ptes(vma->vm_mm);
vmf->prealloc_pte = NULL;
}
vm_fault_t do_set_pmd(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
unsigned long haddr = vmf->address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
pmd_t entry;
vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
/*
* It is too late to allocate a small folio , we already have a large
* folio in the pagecache : especially s390 KVM cannot tolerate any
* PMD mappings , but PTE - mapped THP are fine . So let ' s simply refuse any
* PMD mappings if THPs are disabled .
*/
if (thp_disabled_by_hw() || vma_thp_disabled(vma, vma->vm_flags))
return ret;
if (!thp_vma_suitable_order(vma, haddr, PMD_ORDER))
return ret;
if (folio_order(folio) != HPAGE_PMD_ORDER)
return ret;
page = &folio->page;
/*
* Just backoff if any subpage of a THP is corrupted otherwise
* the corrupted page may mapped by PMD silently to escape the
* check . This kind of THP just can be PTE mapped . Access to
* the corrupted subpage should trigger SIGBUS as expected .
*/
if (unlikely(folio_test_has_hwpoisoned(folio)))
return ret;
/*
* Archs like ppc64 need additional space to store information
* related to pte entry . Use the preallocated table for that .
*/
if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit() && !vmf->prealloc_pte) {
vmf->prealloc_pte = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm);
if (!vmf->prealloc_pte)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
if (unlikely(!pmd_none(*vmf->pmd)))
goto out;
flush_icache_pages(vma, page, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
entry = folio_mk_pmd(folio, vma->vm_page_prot);
if (write)
entry = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_mkdirty(entry), vma);
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, mm_counter_file(folio), HPAGE_PMD_NR);
folio_add_file_rmap_pmd(folio, page, vma);
/*
* deposit and withdraw with pmd lock held
*/
if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit())
deposit_prealloc_pte(vmf);
set_pmd_at(vma->vm_mm, haddr, vmf->pmd, entry);
update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, haddr, vmf->pmd);
/* fault is handled */
ret = 0 ;
count_vm_event(THP_FILE_MAPPED);
out:
spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
return ret;
}
#else
vm_fault_t do_set_pmd(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
{
return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}
#endif
/**
* set_pte_range - Set a range of PTEs to point to pages in a folio .
* @ vmf : Fault decription .
* @ folio : The folio that contains @ page .
* @ page : The first page to create a PTE for .
* @ nr : The number of PTEs to create .
* @ addr : The first address to create a PTE for .
*/
void set_pte_range(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio,
struct page *page, unsigned int nr, unsigned long addr)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
bool prefault = !in_range(vmf->address, addr, nr * PAGE_SIZE);
pte_t entry;
flush_icache_pages(vma, page, nr);
entry = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot);
if (prefault && arch_wants_old_prefaulted_pte())
entry = pte_mkold(entry);
else
entry = pte_sw_mkyoung(entry);
if (write)
entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
else if (pte_write(entry) && folio_test_dirty(folio))
entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
if (unlikely(vmf_orig_pte_uffd_wp(vmf)))
entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
/* copy-on-write page */
if (write && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(nr != 1 , folio);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, addr, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
} else {
folio_add_file_rmap_ptes(folio, page, nr, vma);
}
set_ptes(vma->vm_mm, addr, vmf->pte, entry, nr);
/* no need to invalidate: a not-present page won't be cached */
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, addr, vmf->pte, nr);
}
static bool vmf_pte_changed(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID)
return !pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte);
return !pte_none(ptep_get(vmf->pte));
}
/**
* finish_fault - finish page fault once we have prepared the page to fault
*
* @ vmf : structure describing the fault
*
* This function handles all that is needed to finish a page fault once the
* page to fault in is prepared . It handles locking of PTEs , inserts PTE for
* given page , adds reverse page mapping , handles memcg charges and LRU
* addition .
*
* The function expects the page to be locked and on success it consumes a
* reference of a page being mapped ( for the PTE which maps it ) .
*
* Return : % 0 on success , % VM_FAULT_ code in case of error .
*/
vm_fault_t finish_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct page *page;
struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret;
bool is_cow = (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) &&
!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED);
int type, nr_pages;
unsigned long addr;
bool needs_fallback = false ;
fallback:
addr = vmf->address;
/* Did we COW the page? */
if (is_cow)
page = vmf->cow_page;
else
page = vmf->page;
folio = page_folio(page);
/*
* check even for read faults because we might have lost our CoWed
* page
*/
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm);
if (ret)
return ret;
}
if (!needs_fallback && vma->vm_file) {
struct address_space *mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
pgoff_t file_end;
file_end = DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(mapping->host), PAGE_SIZE);
/*
* Do not allow to map with PTEs beyond i_size and with PMD
* across i_size to preserve SIGBUS semantics .
*
* Make an exception for shmem / tmpfs that for long time
* intentionally mapped with PMDs across i_size .
*/
needs_fallback = !shmem_mapping(mapping) &&
file_end < folio_next_index(folio);
}
if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd)) {
if (!needs_fallback && folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio)) {
ret = do_set_pmd(vmf, folio, page);
if (ret != VM_FAULT_FALLBACK)
return ret;
}
if (vmf->prealloc_pte)
pmd_install(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, &vmf->prealloc_pte);
else if (unlikely(pte_alloc(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd)))
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
/*
* Using per - page fault to maintain the uffd semantics , and same
* approach also applies to non shmem / tmpfs faults to avoid
* inflating the RSS of the process .
*/
if (!vma_is_shmem(vma) || unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma)) ||
unlikely(needs_fallback)) {
nr_pages = 1 ;
} else if (nr_pages > 1 ) {
pgoff_t idx = folio_page_idx(folio, page);
/* The page offset of vmf->address within the VMA. */
pgoff_t vma_off = vmf->pgoff - vmf->vma->vm_pgoff;
/* The index of the entry in the pagetable for fault page. */
pgoff_t pte_off = pte_index(vmf->address);
/*
* Fallback to per - page fault in case the folio size in page
* cache beyond the VMA limits and PMD pagetable limits .
*/
if (unlikely(vma_off < idx ||
vma_off + (nr_pages - idx) > vma_pages(vma) ||
pte_off < idx ||
pte_off + (nr_pages - idx) > PTRS_PER_PTE)) {
nr_pages = 1 ;
} else {
/* Now we can set mappings for the whole large folio. */
addr = vmf->address - idx * PAGE_SIZE;
page = &folio->page;
}
}
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
addr, &vmf->ptl);
if (!vmf->pte)
return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
/* Re-check under ptl */
if (nr_pages == 1 && unlikely(vmf_pte_changed(vmf))) {
update_mmu_tlb(vma, addr, vmf->pte);
ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
goto unlock;
} else if (nr_pages > 1 && !pte_range_none(vmf->pte, nr_pages)) {
needs_fallback = true ;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
goto fallback;
}
folio_ref_add(folio, nr_pages - 1 );
set_pte_range(vmf, folio, page, nr_pages, addr);
type = is_cow ? MM_ANONPAGES : mm_counter_file(folio);
add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, type, nr_pages);
ret = 0 ;
unlock:
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return ret;
}
static unsigned long fault_around_pages __read_mostly =
65536 >> PAGE_SHIFT;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
static int fault_around_bytes_get(void *data, u64 *val)
{
*val = fault_around_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* fault_around_bytes must be rounded down to the nearest page order as it ' s
* what do_fault_around ( ) expects to see .
*/
static int fault_around_bytes_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
if (val / PAGE_SIZE > PTRS_PER_PTE)
return -EINVAL;
/*
* The minimum value is 1 page , however this results in no fault - around
* at all . See should_fault_around ( ) .
*/
val = max(val, PAGE_SIZE);
fault_around_pages = rounddown_pow_of_two(val) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
return 0 ;
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fault_around_bytes_fops,
fault_around_bytes_get, fault_around_bytes_set, "%llu\n" );
static int __init fault_around_debugfs(void )
{
debugfs_create_file_unsafe("fault_around_bytes" , 0644 , NULL, NULL,
&fault_around_bytes_fops);
return 0 ;
}
late_initcall(fault_around_debugfs);
#endif
/*
* do_fault_around ( ) tries to map few pages around the fault address . The hope
* is that the pages will be needed soon and this will lower the number of
* faults to handle .
*
* It uses vm_ops - > map_pages ( ) to map the pages , which skips the page if it ' s
* not ready to be mapped : not up - to - date , locked , etc .
*
* This function doesn ' t cross VMA or page table boundaries , in order to call
* map_pages ( ) and acquire a PTE lock only once .
*
* fault_around_pages defines how many pages we ' ll try to map .
* do_fault_around ( ) expects it to be set to a power of two less than or equal
* to PTRS_PER_PTE .
*
* The virtual address of the area that we map is naturally aligned to
* fault_around_pages * PAGE_SIZE rounded down to the machine page size
* ( and therefore to page order ) . This way it ' s easier to guarantee
* that we don ' t cross page table boundaries .
*/
static vm_fault_t do_fault_around(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
pgoff_t nr_pages = READ_ONCE(fault_around_pages);
pgoff_t pte_off = pte_index(vmf->address);
/* The page offset of vmf->address within the VMA. */
pgoff_t vma_off = vmf->pgoff - vmf->vma->vm_pgoff;
pgoff_t from_pte, to_pte;
vm_fault_t ret;
/* The PTE offset of the start address, clamped to the VMA. */
from_pte = max(ALIGN_DOWN(pte_off, nr_pages),
pte_off - min(pte_off, vma_off));
/* The PTE offset of the end address, clamped to the VMA and PTE. */
to_pte = min3(from_pte + nr_pages, (pgoff_t)PTRS_PER_PTE,
pte_off + vma_pages(vmf->vma) - vma_off) - 1 ;
if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd)) {
vmf->prealloc_pte = pte_alloc_one(vmf->vma->vm_mm);
if (!vmf->prealloc_pte)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
}
rcu_read_lock();
ret = vmf->vma->vm_ops->map_pages(vmf,
vmf->pgoff + from_pte - pte_off,
vmf->pgoff + to_pte - pte_off);
rcu_read_unlock();
return ret;
}
/* Return true if we should do read fault-around, false otherwise */
static inline bool should_fault_around(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
/* No ->map_pages? No way to fault around... */
if (!vmf->vma->vm_ops->map_pages)
return false ;
if (uffd_disable_fault_around(vmf->vma))
return false ;
/* A single page implies no faulting 'around' at all. */
return fault_around_pages > 1 ;
}
static vm_fault_t do_read_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
vm_fault_t ret = 0 ;
struct folio *folio;
/*
* Let ' s call - > map_pages ( ) first and use - > fault ( ) as fallback
* if page by the offset is not ready to be mapped ( cold cache or
* something ) .
*/
if (should_fault_around(vmf)) {
ret = do_fault_around(vmf);
if (ret)
return ret;
}
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = __do_fault(vmf);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY)))
return ret;
ret |= finish_fault(vmf);
folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
folio_unlock(folio);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY)))
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
static vm_fault_t do_cow_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct folio *folio;
vm_fault_t ret;
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf);
if (!ret)
ret = vmf_anon_prepare(vmf);
if (ret)
return ret;
folio = folio_prealloc(vma->vm_mm, vma, vmf->address, false );
if (!folio)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
vmf->cow_page = &folio->page;
ret = __do_fault(vmf);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY)))
goto uncharge_out;
if (ret & VM_FAULT_DONE_COW)
return ret;
if (copy_mc_user_highpage(vmf->cow_page, vmf->page, vmf->address, vma)) {
ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON;
goto unlock;
}
__folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
ret |= finish_fault(vmf);
unlock:
unlock_page(vmf->page);
put_page(vmf->page);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY)))
goto uncharge_out;
return ret;
uncharge_out:
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
static vm_fault_t do_shared_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
vm_fault_t ret, tmp;
struct folio *folio;
ret = vmf_can_call_fault(vmf);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = __do_fault(vmf);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE | VM_FAULT_RETRY)))
return ret;
folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
/*
* Check if the backing address space wants to know that the page is
* about to become writable
*/
if (vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite) {
folio_unlock(folio);
tmp = do_page_mkwrite(vmf, folio);
if (unlikely(!tmp ||
(tmp & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE)))) {
folio_put(folio);
return tmp;
}
}
ret |= finish_fault(vmf);
if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE |
VM_FAULT_RETRY))) {
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
ret |= fault_dirty_shared_page(vmf);
return ret;
}
/*
* We enter with non - exclusive mmap_lock ( to exclude vma changes ,
* but allow concurrent faults ) .
* The mmap_lock may have been released depending on flags and our
* return value . See filemap_fault ( ) and _ _ folio_lock_or_retry ( ) .
* If mmap_lock is released , vma may become invalid ( for example
* by other thread calling munmap ( ) ) .
*/
static vm_fault_t do_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct mm_struct *vm_mm = vma->vm_mm;
vm_fault_t ret;
/*
* The VMA was not fully populated on mmap ( ) or missing VM_DONTEXPAND
*/
if (!vma->vm_ops->fault) {
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte))
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
else {
/*
* Make sure this is not a temporary clearing of pte
* by holding ptl and checking again . A R / M / W update
* of pte involves : take ptl , clearing the pte so that
* we don ' t have concurrent modification by hardware
* followed by an update .
*/
if (unlikely(pte_none(ptep_get(vmf->pte))))
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
else
ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
}
} else if (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
ret = do_read_fault(vmf);
else if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
ret = do_cow_fault(vmf);
else
ret = do_shared_fault(vmf);
/* preallocated pagetable is unused: free it */
if (vmf->prealloc_pte) {
pte_free(vm_mm, vmf->prealloc_pte);
vmf->prealloc_pte = NULL;
}
return ret;
}
int numa_migrate_check(struct folio *folio, struct vm_fault *vmf,
unsigned long addr, int *flags,
bool writable, int *last_cpupid)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
/*
* Avoid grouping on RO pages in general . RO pages shouldn ' t hurt as
* much anyway since they can be in shared cache state . This misses
* the case where a mapping is writable but the process never writes
* to it but pte_write gets cleared during protection updates and
* pte_dirty has unpredictable behaviour between PTE scan updates ,
* background writeback , dirty balancing and application behaviour .
*/
if (!writable)
*flags |= TNF_NO_GROUP;
/*
* Flag if the folio is shared between multiple address spaces . This
* is later used when determining whether to group tasks together
*/
if (folio_maybe_mapped_shared(folio) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
*flags |= TNF_SHARED;
/*
* For memory tiering mode , cpupid of slow memory page is used
* to record page access time . So use default value .
*/
if (folio_use_access_time(folio))
*last_cpupid = (-1 & LAST_CPUPID_MASK);
else
*last_cpupid = folio_last_cpupid(folio);
/* Record the current PID acceesing VMA */
vma_set_access_pid_bit(vma);
count_vm_numa_event(NUMA_HINT_FAULTS);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
count_memcg_folio_events(folio, NUMA_HINT_FAULTS, 1 );
#endif
if (folio_nid(folio) == numa_node_id()) {
count_vm_numa_event(NUMA_HINT_FAULTS_LOCAL);
*flags |= TNF_FAULT_LOCAL;
}
return mpol_misplaced(folio, vmf, addr);
}
static void numa_rebuild_single_mapping(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long fault_addr, pte_t *fault_pte,
bool writable)
{
pte_t pte, old_pte;
old_pte = ptep_modify_prot_start(vma, fault_addr, fault_pte);
pte = pte_modify(old_pte, vma->vm_page_prot);
pte = pte_mkyoung(pte);
if (writable)
pte = pte_mkwrite(pte, vma);
ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, fault_addr, fault_pte, old_pte, pte);
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vma, fault_addr, fault_pte, 1 );
}
static void numa_rebuild_large_mapping(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
struct folio *folio, pte_t fault_pte,
bool ignore_writable, bool pte_write_upgrade)
{
int nr = pte_pfn(fault_pte) - folio_pfn(folio);
unsigned long start, end, addr = vmf->address;
unsigned long addr_start = addr - (nr << PAGE_SHIFT);
unsigned long pt_start = ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PMD_SIZE);
pte_t *start_ptep;
/* Stay within the VMA and within the page table. */
start = max3(addr_start, pt_start, vma->vm_start);
end = min3(addr_start + folio_size(folio), pt_start + PMD_SIZE,
vma->vm_end);
start_ptep = vmf->pte - ((addr - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
/* Restore all PTEs' mapping of the large folio */
for (addr = start; addr != end; start_ptep++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
pte_t ptent = ptep_get(start_ptep);
bool writable = false ;
if (!pte_present(ptent) || !pte_protnone(ptent))
continue ;
if (pfn_folio(pte_pfn(ptent)) != folio)
continue ;
if (!ignore_writable) {
ptent = pte_modify(ptent, vma->vm_page_prot);
writable = pte_write(ptent);
if (!writable && pte_write_upgrade &&
can_change_pte_writable(vma, addr, ptent))
writable = true ;
}
numa_rebuild_single_mapping(vmf, vma, addr, start_ptep, writable);
}
}
static vm_fault_t do_numa_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
struct folio *folio = NULL;
int nid = NUMA_NO_NODE;
bool writable = false , ignore_writable = false ;
bool pte_write_upgrade = vma_wants_manual_pte_write_upgrade(vma);
int last_cpupid;
int target_nid;
pte_t pte, old_pte;
int flags = 0 , nr_pages;
/*
* The pte cannot be used safely until we verify , while holding the page
* table lock , that its contents have not changed during fault handling .
*/
spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
/* Read the live PTE from the page tables: */
old_pte = ptep_get(vmf->pte);
if (unlikely(!pte_same(old_pte, vmf->orig_pte))) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return 0 ;
}
pte = pte_modify(old_pte, vma->vm_page_prot);
/*
* Detect now whether the PTE could be writable ; this information
* is only valid while holding the PT lock .
*/
writable = pte_write(pte);
if (!writable && pte_write_upgrade &&
can_change_pte_writable(vma, vmf->address, pte))
writable = true ;
folio = vm_normal_folio(vma, vmf->address, pte);
if (!folio || folio_is_zone_device(folio))
goto out_map;
nid = folio_nid(folio);
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
target_nid = numa_migrate_check(folio, vmf, vmf->address, &flags,
writable, &last_cpupid);
if (target_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
goto out_map;
if (migrate_misplaced_folio_prepare(folio, vma, target_nid)) {
flags |= TNF_MIGRATE_FAIL;
goto out_map;
}
/* The folio is isolated and isolation code holds a folio reference. */
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
writable = false ;
ignore_writable = true ;
/* Migrate to the requested node */
if (!migrate_misplaced_folio(folio, target_nid)) {
nid = target_nid;
flags |= TNF_MIGRATED;
task_numa_fault(last_cpupid, nid, nr_pages, flags);
return 0 ;
}
flags |= TNF_MIGRATE_FAIL;
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte))
return 0 ;
if (unlikely(!pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), vmf->orig_pte))) {
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return 0 ;
}
out_map:
/*
* Make it present again , depending on how arch implements
* non - accessible ptes , some can allow access by kernel mode .
*/
if (folio && folio_test_large(folio))
numa_rebuild_large_mapping(vmf, vma, folio, pte, ignore_writable,
pte_write_upgrade);
else
numa_rebuild_single_mapping(vmf, vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte,
writable);
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
if (nid != NUMA_NO_NODE)
task_numa_fault(last_cpupid, nid, nr_pages, flags);
return 0 ;
}
static inline vm_fault_t create_huge_pmd(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
if (vma_is_anonymous(vma))
return do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(vmf);
if (vma->vm_ops->huge_fault)
return vma->vm_ops->huge_fault(vmf, PMD_ORDER);
return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}
/* `inline' is required to avoid gcc 4.1.2 build error */
static inline vm_fault_t wp_huge_pmd(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
const bool unshare = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
vm_fault_t ret;
if (vma_is_anonymous(vma)) {
if (likely(!unshare) &&
userfaultfd_huge_pmd_wp(vma, vmf->orig_pmd)) {
if (userfaultfd_wp_async(vmf->vma))
goto split;
return handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_WP);
}
return do_huge_pmd_wp_page(vmf);
}
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE)) {
if (vma->vm_ops->huge_fault) {
ret = vma->vm_ops->huge_fault(vmf, PMD_ORDER);
if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK))
return ret;
}
}
split:
/* COW or write-notify handled on pte level: split pmd. */
__split_huge_pmd(vma, vmf->pmd, vmf->address, false );
return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}
static vm_fault_t create_huge_pud(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
#if defined (CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && \
defined (CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD)
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
/* No support for anonymous transparent PUD pages yet */
if (vma_is_anonymous(vma))
return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
if (vma->vm_ops->huge_fault)
return vma->vm_ops->huge_fault(vmf, PUD_ORDER);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}
static vm_fault_t wp_huge_pud(struct vm_fault *vmf, pud_t orig_pud)
{
#if defined (CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && \
defined (CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD)
struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
vm_fault_t ret;
/* No support for anonymous transparent PUD pages yet */
if (vma_is_anonymous(vma))
goto split;
if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYSHARE)) {
if (vma->vm_ops->huge_fault) {
ret = vma->vm_ops->huge_fault(vmf, PUD_ORDER);
if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK))
return ret;
}
}
split:
/* COW or write-notify not handled on PUD level: split pud.*/
__split_huge_pud(vma, vmf->pud, vmf->address);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */
return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}
/*
* These routines also need to handle stuff like marking pages dirty
* and / or accessed for architectures that don ' t do it in hardware ( most
* RISC architectures ) . The early dirtying is also good on the i386 .
*
* There is also a hook called " update_mmu_cache ( ) " that architectures
* with external mmu caches can use to update those ( ie the Sparc or
* PowerPC hashed page tables that act as extended TLBs ) .
*
* We enter with non - exclusive mmap_lock ( to exclude vma changes , but allow
* concurrent faults ) .
*
* The mmap_lock may have been released depending on flags and our return value .
* See filemap_fault ( ) and _ _ folio_lock_or_retry ( ) .
*/
static vm_fault_t handle_pte_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
pte_t entry;
if (unlikely(pmd_none(*vmf->pmd))) {
/*
* Leave _ _ pte_alloc ( ) until later : because vm_ops - > fault may
* want to allocate huge page , and if we expose page table
* for an instant , it will be difficult to retract from
* concurrent faults and from rmap lookups .
*/
vmf->pte = NULL;
vmf->flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID;
} else {
pmd_t dummy_pmdval;
/*
* A regular pmd is established and it can ' t morph into a huge
* pmd by anon khugepaged , since that takes mmap_lock in write
* mode ; but shmem or file collapse to THP could still morph
* it into a huge pmd : just retry later if so .
*
* Use the maywrite version to indicate that vmf - > pte may be
* modified , but since we will use pte_same ( ) to detect the
* change of the ! pte_none ( ) entry , there is no need to recheck
* the pmdval . Here we chooes to pass a dummy variable instead
* of NULL , which helps new user think about why this place is
* special .
*/
vmf->pte = pte_offset_map_rw_nolock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd,
vmf->address, &dummy_pmdval,
&vmf->ptl);
if (unlikely(!vmf->pte))
return 0 ;
vmf->orig_pte = ptep_get_lockless(vmf->pte);
vmf->flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ORIG_PTE_VALID;
if (pte_none(vmf->orig_pte)) {
pte_unmap(vmf->pte);
vmf->pte = NULL;
}
}
if (!vmf->pte)
return do_pte_missing(vmf);
if (!pte_present(vmf->orig_pte))
return do_swap_page(vmf);
if (pte_protnone(vmf->orig_pte) && vma_is_accessible(vmf->vma))
return do_numa_page(vmf);
spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
entry = vmf->orig_pte;
if (unlikely(!pte_same(ptep_get(vmf->pte), entry))) {
update_mmu_tlb(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte);
goto unlock;
}
if (vmf->flags & (FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)) {
if (!pte_write(entry))
return do_wp_page(vmf);
else if (likely(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
}
entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
if (ptep_set_access_flags(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pte, entry,
vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)) {
update_mmu_cache_range(vmf, vmf->vma, vmf->address,
vmf->pte, 1 );
} else {
/* Skip spurious TLB flush for retried page fault */
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_TRIED)
goto unlock;
/*
* This is needed only for protection faults but the arch code
* is not yet telling us if this is a protection fault or not .
* This still avoids useless tlb flushes for . text page faults
* with threads .
*/
if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)
flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault(vmf->vma, vmf->address,
vmf->pte);
}
unlock:
pte_unmap_unlock(vmf->pte, vmf->ptl);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* On entry , we hold either the VMA lock or the mmap_lock
* ( FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK tells you which ) . If VM_FAULT_RETRY is set in
* the result , the mmap_lock is not held on exit . See filemap_fault ( )
* and _ _ folio_lock_or_retry ( ) .
*/
static vm_fault_t __handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long address, unsigned int flags)
{
struct vm_fault vmf = {
.vma = vma,
.address = address & PAGE_MASK,
.real_address = address,
.flags = flags,
.pgoff = linear_page_index(vma, address),
.gfp_mask = __get_fault_gfp_mask(vma),
};
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma->vm_flags;
pgd_t *pgd;
p4d_t *p4d;
vm_fault_t ret;
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
p4d = p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, address);
if (!p4d)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
vmf.pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, address);
if (!vmf.pud)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
retry_pud:
if (pud_none(*vmf.pud) &&
thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, PUD_ORDER)) {
ret = create_huge_pud(&vmf);
if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK))
return ret;
} else {
pud_t orig_pud = *vmf.pud;
barrier();
if (pud_trans_huge(orig_pud)) {
/*
* TODO once we support anonymous PUDs : NUMA case and
* FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE handling .
*/
if ((flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !pud_write(orig_pud)) {
ret = wp_huge_pud(&vmf, orig_pud);
if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK))
return ret;
} else {
huge_pud_set_accessed(&vmf, orig_pud);
return 0 ;
}
}
}
vmf.pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, vmf.pud, address);
if (!vmf.pmd)
return VM_FAULT_OOM;
/* Huge pud page fault raced with pmd_alloc? */
if (pud_trans_unstable(vmf.pud))
goto retry_pud;
if (pmd_none(*vmf.pmd) &&
thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vm_flags,
TVA_IN_PF | TVA_ENFORCE_SYSFS, PMD_ORDER)) {
ret = create_huge_pmd(&vmf);
if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK))
return ret;
} else {
vmf.orig_pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(vmf.pmd);
if (unlikely(is_swap_pmd(vmf.orig_pmd))) {
VM_BUG_ON(thp_migration_supported() &&
!is_pmd_migration_entry(vmf.orig_pmd));
if (is_pmd_migration_entry(vmf.orig_pmd))
pmd_migration_entry_wait(mm, vmf.pmd);
return 0 ;
}
if (pmd_trans_huge(vmf.orig_pmd)) {
if (pmd_protnone(vmf.orig_pmd) && vma_is_accessible(vma))
return do_huge_pmd_numa_page(&vmf);
if ((flags & (FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)) &&
!pmd_write(vmf.orig_pmd)) {
ret = wp_huge_pmd(&vmf);
if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK))
return ret;
} else {
huge_pmd_set_accessed(&vmf);
return 0 ;
}
}
}
return handle_pte_fault(&vmf);
}
/**
* mm_account_fault - Do page fault accounting
* @ mm : mm from which memcg should be extracted . It can be NULL .
* @ regs : the pt_regs struct pointer . When set to NULL , will skip accounting
* of perf event counters , but we ' ll still do the per - task accounting to
* the task who triggered this page fault .
* @ address : the faulted address .
* @ flags : the fault flags .
* @ ret : the fault retcode .
*
* This will take care of most of the page fault accounting . Meanwhile , it
* will also include the PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_ [ MAJ | MIN ] perf counter
* updates . However , note that the handling of PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS should
* still be in per - arch page fault handlers at the entry of page fault .
*/
static inline void mm_account_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct pt_regs *regs,
unsigned long address, unsigned int flags,
vm_fault_t ret)
{
bool major;
/* Incomplete faults will be accounted upon completion. */
if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY)
return ;
/*
* To preserve the behavior of older kernels , PGFAULT counters record
* both successful and failed faults , as opposed to perf counters ,
* which ignore failed cases .
*/
count_vm_event(PGFAULT);
count_memcg_event_mm(mm, PGFAULT);
/*
* Do not account for unsuccessful faults ( e . g . when the address wasn ' t
* valid ) . That includes arch_vma_access_permitted ( ) failing before
* reaching here . So this is not a " this many hardware page faults "
* counter . We should use the hw profiling for that .
*/
if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR)
return ;
/*
* We define the fault as a major fault when the final successful fault
* is VM_FAULT_MAJOR , or if it retried ( which implies that we couldn ' t
* handle it immediately previously ) .
*/
major = (ret & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) || (flags & FAULT_FLAG_TRIED);
if (major)
current->maj_flt++;
else
current->min_flt++;
/*
* If the fault is done for GUP , regs will be NULL . We only do the
* accounting for the per thread fault counters who triggered the
* fault , and we skip the perf event updates .
*/
if (!regs)
return ;
if (major)
perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ, 1 , regs, address);
else
perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN, 1 , regs, address);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN
static void lru_gen_enter_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
/* the LRU algorithm only applies to accesses with recency */
current->in_lru_fault = vma_has_recency(vma);
}
static void lru_gen_exit_fault(void )
{
current->in_lru_fault = false ;
}
#else
static void lru_gen_enter_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
}
static void lru_gen_exit_fault(void )
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */
static vm_fault_t sanitize_fault_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int *flags)
{
if (unlikely(*flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)) {
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(*flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
/*
* FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE only applies to COW mappings . Let ' s
* just treat it like an ordinary read - fault otherwise .
*/
if (!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags))
*flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
} else if (*flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
/* Write faults on read-only mappings are impossible ... */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE)))
return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
/* ... and FOLL_FORCE only applies to COW mappings. */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) &&
!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)))
return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK
/*
* Per - VMA locks can ' t be used with FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT because of
* the assumption that lock is dropped on VM_FAULT_RETRY .
*/
if (WARN_ON_ONCE((*flags &
(FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT)) ==
(FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT)))
return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
#endif
return 0 ;
}
/*
* By the time we get here , we already hold either the VMA lock or the
* mmap_lock ( FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK tells you which ) .
*
* The mmap_lock may have been released depending on flags and our
* return value . See filemap_fault ( ) and _ _ folio_lock_or_retry ( ) .
*/
vm_fault_t handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
unsigned int flags, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
/* If the fault handler drops the mmap_lock, vma may be freed */
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
vm_fault_t ret;
bool is_droppable;
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
ret = sanitize_fault_flags(vma, &flags);
if (ret)
goto out;
if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE,
flags & FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION,
flags & FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE)) {
ret = VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
goto out;
}
is_droppable = !!(vma->vm_flags & VM_DROPPABLE);
/*
* Enable the memcg OOM handling for faults triggered in user
* space . Kernel faults are handled more gracefully .
*/
if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER)
mem_cgroup_enter_user_fault();
lru_gen_enter_fault(vma);
if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)))
ret = hugetlb_fault(vma->vm_mm, vma, address, flags);
else
ret = __handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags);
/*
* Warning : It is no longer safe to dereference vma - > after this point ,
* because mmap_lock might have been dropped by _ _ handle_mm_fault ( ) , so
* vma might be destroyed from underneath us .
*/
lru_gen_exit_fault();
/* If the mapping is droppable, then errors due to OOM aren't fatal. */
if (is_droppable)
ret &= ~VM_FAULT_OOM;
if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER) {
mem_cgroup_exit_user_fault();
/*
* The task may have entered a memcg OOM situation but
* if the allocation error was handled gracefully ( no
* VM_FAULT_OOM ) , there is no need to kill anything .
* Just clean up the OOM state peacefully .
*/
if (task_in_memcg_oom(current) && !(ret & VM_FAULT_OOM))
mem_cgroup_oom_synchronize(false );
}
out:
mm_account_fault(mm, regs, address, flags, ret);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(handle_mm_fault);
#ifndef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
/*
* Allocate p4d page table .
* We ' ve already handled the fast - path in - line .
*/
int __p4d_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
{
p4d_t *new = p4d_alloc_one(mm, address);
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
if (pgd_present(*pgd)) { /* Another has populated it */
p4d_free(mm, new );
} else {
smp_wmb(); /* See comment in pmd_install() */
pgd_populate(mm, pgd, new );
}
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED */
#ifndef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
/*
* Allocate page upper directory .
* We ' ve already handled the fast - path in - line .
*/
int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long address)
{
pud_t *new = pud_alloc_one(mm, address);
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
if (!p4d_present(*p4d)) {
mm_inc_nr_puds(mm);
smp_wmb(); /* See comment in pmd_install() */
p4d_populate(mm, p4d, new );
} else /* Another has populated it */
pud_free(mm, new );
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED */
#ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
/*
* Allocate page middle directory .
* We ' ve already handled the fast - path in - line .
*/
int __pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)
{
spinlock_t *ptl;
pmd_t *new = pmd_alloc_one(mm, address);
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
ptl = pud_lock(mm, pud);
if (!pud_present(*pud)) {
mm_inc_nr_pmds(mm);
smp_wmb(); /* See comment in pmd_install() */
pud_populate(mm, pud, new );
} else { /* Another has populated it */
pmd_free(mm, new );
}
spin_unlock(ptl);
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */
static inline void pfnmap_args_setup(struct follow_pfnmap_args *args,
spinlock_t *lock, pte_t *ptep,
pgprot_t pgprot, unsigned long pfn_base,
unsigned long addr_mask, bool writable,
bool special)
{
args->lock = lock;
args->ptep = ptep;
args->pfn = pfn_base + ((args->address & ~addr_mask) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
args->addr_mask = addr_mask;
args->pgprot = pgprot;
args->writable = writable;
args->special = special;
}
static inline void pfnmap_lockdep_assert(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
struct file *file = vma->vm_file;
struct address_space *mapping = file ? file->f_mapping : NULL;
if (mapping)
lockdep_assert(lockdep_is_held(&mapping->i_mmap_rwsem) ||
lockdep_is_held(&vma->vm_mm->mmap_lock));
else
lockdep_assert(lockdep_is_held(&vma->vm_mm->mmap_lock));
#endif
}
/**
* follow_pfnmap_start ( ) - Look up a pfn mapping at a user virtual address
* @ args : Pointer to struct @ follow_pfnmap_args
*
* The caller needs to setup args - > vma and args - > address to point to the
* virtual address as the target of such lookup . On a successful return ,
* the results will be put into other output fields .
*
* After the caller finished using the fields , the caller must invoke
* another follow_pfnmap_end ( ) to proper releases the locks and resources
* of such look up request .
*
* During the start ( ) and end ( ) calls , the results in @ args will be valid
* as proper locks will be held . After the end ( ) is called , all the fields
* in @ follow_pfnmap_args will be invalid to be further accessed . Further
* use of such information after end ( ) may require proper synchronizations
* by the caller with page table updates , otherwise it can create a
* security bug .
*
* If the PTE maps a refcounted page , callers are responsible to protect
* against invalidation with MMU notifiers ; otherwise access to the PFN at
* a later point in time can trigger use - after - free .
*
* Only IO mappings and raw PFN mappings are allowed . The mmap semaphore
* should be taken for read , and the mmap semaphore cannot be released
* before the end ( ) is invoked .
*
* This function must not be used to modify PTE content .
*
* Return : zero on success , negative otherwise .
*/
int follow_pfnmap_start(struct follow_pfnmap_args *args)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma = args->vma;
unsigned long address = args->address;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
spinlock_t *lock;
pgd_t *pgdp;
p4d_t *p4dp, p4d;
pud_t *pudp, pud;
pmd_t *pmdp, pmd;
pte_t *ptep, pte;
pfnmap_lockdep_assert(vma);
if (unlikely(address < vma->vm_start || address >= vma->vm_end))
goto out;
if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP)))
goto out;
retry:
pgdp = pgd_offset(mm, address);
if (pgd_none(*pgdp) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgdp)))
goto out;
p4dp = p4d_offset(pgdp, address);
p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
if (p4d_none(p4d) || unlikely(p4d_bad(p4d)))
goto out;
pudp = pud_offset(p4dp, address);
pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
if (pud_none(pud))
goto out;
if (pud_leaf(pud)) {
lock = pud_lock(mm, pudp);
if (!unlikely(pud_leaf(pud))) {
spin_unlock(lock);
goto retry;
}
pfnmap_args_setup(args, lock, NULL, pud_pgprot(pud),
pud_pfn(pud), PUD_MASK, pud_write(pud),
pud_special(pud));
return 0 ;
}
pmdp = pmd_offset(pudp, address);
pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(pmdp);
if (pmd_leaf(pmd)) {
lock = pmd_lock(mm, pmdp);
if (!unlikely(pmd_leaf(pmd))) {
spin_unlock(lock);
goto retry;
}
pfnmap_args_setup(args, lock, NULL, pmd_pgprot(pmd),
pmd_pfn(pmd), PMD_MASK, pmd_write(pmd),
pmd_special(pmd));
return 0 ;
}
ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmdp, address, &lock);
if (!ptep)
goto out;
pte = ptep_get(ptep);
if (!pte_present(pte))
goto unlock;
pfnmap_args_setup(args, lock, ptep, pte_pgprot(pte),
pte_pfn(pte), PAGE_MASK, pte_write(pte),
pte_special(pte));
return 0 ;
unlock:
pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, lock);
out:
return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(follow_pfnmap_start);
/**
* follow_pfnmap_end ( ) : End a follow_pfnmap_start ( ) process
* @ args : Pointer to struct @ follow_pfnmap_args
*
* Must be used in pair of follow_pfnmap_start ( ) . See the start ( ) function
* above for more information .
*/
void follow_pfnmap_end(struct follow_pfnmap_args *args)
{
if (args->lock)
spin_unlock(args->lock);
if (args->ptep)
pte_unmap(args->ptep);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(follow_pfnmap_end);
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT
/**
* generic_access_phys - generic implementation for iomem mmap access
* @ vma : the vma to access
* @ addr : userspace address , not relative offset within @ vma
* @ buf : buffer to read / write
* @ len : length of transfer
* @ write : set to FOLL_WRITE when writing , otherwise reading
*
* This is a generic implementation for & vm_operations_struct . access for an
* iomem mapping . This callback is used by access_process_vm ( ) when the @ vma is
* not page based .
*/
int generic_access_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
void *buf, int len, int write)
{
resource_size_t phys_addr;
pgprot_t prot = __pgprot(0 );
void __iomem *maddr;
int offset = offset_in_page(addr);
int ret = -EINVAL;
bool writable;
struct follow_pfnmap_args args = { .vma = vma, .address = addr };
retry:
if (follow_pfnmap_start(&args))
return -EINVAL;
prot = args.pgprot;
phys_addr = (resource_size_t)args.pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
writable = args.writable;
follow_pfnmap_end(&args);
if ((write & FOLL_WRITE) && !writable)
return -EINVAL;
maddr = ioremap_prot(phys_addr, PAGE_ALIGN(len + offset), prot);
if (!maddr)
return -ENOMEM;
if (follow_pfnmap_start(&args))
goto out_unmap;
if ((pgprot_val(prot) != pgprot_val(args.pgprot)) ||
(phys_addr != (args.pfn << PAGE_SHIFT)) ||
(writable != args.writable)) {
follow_pfnmap_end(&args);
iounmap(maddr);
goto retry;
}
if (write)
memcpy_toio(maddr + offset, buf, len);
else
memcpy_fromio(buf, maddr + offset, len);
ret = len;
follow_pfnmap_end(&args);
out_unmap:
iounmap(maddr);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(generic_access_phys);
#endif
/*
* Access another process ' address space as given in mm .
*/
static int __access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
void *old_buf = buf;
int write = gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE;
if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
return 0 ;
/* Untag the address before looking up the VMA */
addr = untagged_addr_remote(mm, addr);
/* Avoid triggering the temporary warning in __get_user_pages */
if (!vma_lookup(mm, addr) && !expand_stack(mm, addr))
return 0 ;
/* ignore errors, just check how much was successfully transferred */
while (len) {
int bytes, offset;
void *maddr;
struct folio *folio;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
struct page *page = get_user_page_vma_remote(mm, addr,
gup_flags, &vma);
if (IS_ERR(page)) {
/* We might need to expand the stack to access it */
vma = vma_lookup(mm, addr);
if (!vma) {
vma = expand_stack(mm, addr);
/* mmap_lock was dropped on failure */
if (!vma)
return buf - old_buf;
/* Try again if stack expansion worked */
continue ;
}
/*
* Check if this is a VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMA , which
* we can access using slightly different code .
*/
bytes = 0 ;
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT
if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->access)
bytes = vma->vm_ops->access(vma, addr, buf,
len, write);
#endif
if (bytes <= 0 )
break ;
} else {
folio = page_folio(page);
bytes = len;
offset = addr & (PAGE_SIZE-1 );
if (bytes > PAGE_SIZE-offset)
bytes = PAGE_SIZE-offset;
maddr = kmap_local_folio(folio, folio_page_idx(folio, page) * PAGE_SIZE);
if (write) {
copy_to_user_page(vma, page, addr,
maddr + offset, buf, bytes);
folio_mark_dirty_lock(folio);
} else {
copy_from_user_page(vma, page, addr,
buf, maddr + offset, bytes);
}
folio_release_kmap(folio, maddr);
}
len -= bytes;
buf += bytes;
addr += bytes;
}
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
return buf - old_buf;
}
/**
* access_remote_vm - access another process ' address space
* @ mm : the mm_struct of the target address space
* @ addr : start address to access
* @ buf : source or destination buffer
* @ len : number of bytes to transfer
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
*
* The caller must hold a reference on @ mm .
*
* Return : number of bytes copied from source to destination .
*/
int access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
return __access_remote_vm(mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
}
/*
* Access another process ' address space .
* Source / target buffer must be kernel space ,
* Do not walk the page table directly , use get_user_pages
*/
int access_process_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr,
void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
struct mm_struct *mm;
int ret;
mm = get_task_mm(tsk);
if (!mm)
return 0 ;
ret = __access_remote_vm(mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
mmput(mm);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(access_process_vm);
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
/*
* Copy a string from another process ' s address space as given in mm .
* If there is any error return - EFAULT .
*/
static int __copy_remote_vm_str(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
void *old_buf = buf;
int err = 0 ;
*(char *)buf = '\0' ;
if (mmap_read_lock_killable(mm))
return -EFAULT;
addr = untagged_addr_remote(mm, addr);
/* Avoid triggering the temporary warning in __get_user_pages */
if (!vma_lookup(mm, addr)) {
err = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
while (len) {
int bytes, offset, retval;
void *maddr;
struct folio *folio;
struct page *page;
struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
page = get_user_page_vma_remote(mm, addr, gup_flags, &vma);
if (IS_ERR(page)) {
/*
* Treat as a total failure for now until we decide how
* to handle the CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT case and
* stack expansion .
*/
*(char *)buf = '\0' ;
err = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
folio = page_folio(page);
bytes = len;
offset = addr & (PAGE_SIZE - 1 );
if (bytes > PAGE_SIZE - offset)
bytes = PAGE_SIZE - offset;
maddr = kmap_local_folio(folio, folio_page_idx(folio, page) * PAGE_SIZE);
retval = strscpy(buf, maddr + offset, bytes);
if (retval >= 0 ) {
/* Found the end of the string */
buf += retval;
folio_release_kmap(folio, maddr);
break ;
}
buf += bytes - 1 ;
/*
* Because strscpy always NUL terminates we need to
* copy the last byte in the page if we are going to
* load more pages
*/
if (bytes != len) {
addr += bytes - 1 ;
copy_from_user_page(vma, page, addr, buf, maddr + (PAGE_SIZE - 1 ), 1 );
buf += 1 ;
addr += 1 ;
}
len -= bytes;
folio_release_kmap(folio, maddr);
}
out:
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
if (err)
return err;
return buf - old_buf;
}
/**
* copy_remote_vm_str - copy a string from another process ' s address space .
* @ tsk : the task of the target address space
* @ addr : start address to read from
* @ buf : destination buffer
* @ len : number of bytes to copy
* @ gup_flags : flags modifying lookup behaviour
*
* The caller must hold a reference on @ mm .
*
* Return : number of bytes copied from @ addr ( source ) to @ buf ( destination ) ;
* not including the trailing NUL . Always guaranteed to leave NUL - terminated
* buffer . On any error , return - EFAULT .
*/
int copy_remote_vm_str(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr,
void *buf, int len, unsigned int gup_flags)
{
struct mm_struct *mm;
int ret;
if (unlikely(len == 0 ))
return 0 ;
mm = get_task_mm(tsk);
if (!mm) {
*(char *)buf = '\0' ;
return -EFAULT;
}
ret = __copy_remote_vm_str(mm, addr, buf, len, gup_flags);
mmput(mm);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(copy_remote_vm_str);
#endif /* CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL */
/*
* Print the name of a VMA .
*/
void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long ip)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
/*
* we might be running from an atomic context so we cannot sleep
*/
if (!mmap_read_trylock(mm))
return ;
vma = vma_lookup(mm, ip);
if (vma && vma->vm_file) {
struct file *f = vma->vm_file;
ip -= vma->vm_start;
ip += vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
printk("%s%pD[%lx,%lx+%lx]" , prefix, f, ip,
vma->vm_start,
vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
}
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
}
#if defined (CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) || defined (CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP)
void __might_fault(const char *file, int line)
{
if (pagefault_disabled())
return ;
__might_sleep(file, line);
if (current->mm)
might_lock_read(¤t->mm->mmap_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__might_fault);
#endif
#if defined (CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined (CONFIG_HUGETLBFS)
/*
* Process all subpages of the specified huge page with the specified
* operation . The target subpage will be processed last to keep its
* cache lines hot .
*/
static inline int process_huge_page(
unsigned long addr_hint, unsigned int nr_pages,
int (*process_subpage)(unsigned long addr, int idx, void *arg),
void *arg)
{
int i, n, base, l, ret;
unsigned long addr = addr_hint &
~(((unsigned long )nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1 );
/* Process target subpage last to keep its cache lines hot */
might_sleep();
n = (addr_hint - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
if (2 * n <= nr_pages) {
/* If target subpage in first half of huge page */
base = 0 ;
l = n;
/* Process subpages at the end of huge page */
for (i = nr_pages - 1 ; i >= 2 * n; i--) {
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + i * PAGE_SIZE, i, arg);
if (ret)
return ret;
}
} else {
/* If target subpage in second half of huge page */
base = nr_pages - 2 * (nr_pages - n);
l = nr_pages - n;
/* Process subpages at the begin of huge page */
for (i = 0 ; i < base; i++) {
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + i * PAGE_SIZE, i, arg);
if (ret)
return ret;
}
}
/*
* Process remaining subpages in left - right - left - right pattern
* towards the target subpage
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < l; i++) {
int left_idx = base + i;
int right_idx = base + 2 * l - 1 - i;
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + left_idx * PAGE_SIZE, left_idx, arg);
if (ret)
return ret;
cond_resched();
ret = process_subpage(addr + right_idx * PAGE_SIZE, right_idx, arg);
if (ret)
return ret;
}
return 0 ;
}
static void clear_gigantic_page(struct folio *folio, unsigned long addr_hint,
unsigned int nr_pages)
{
unsigned long addr = ALIGN_DOWN(addr_hint, folio_size(folio));
int i;
might_sleep();
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_pages; i++) {
cond_resched();
clear_user_highpage(folio_page(folio, i), addr + i * PAGE_SIZE);
}
}
static int clear_subpage(unsigned long addr, int idx, void *arg)
{
struct folio *folio = arg;
clear_user_highpage(folio_page(folio, idx), addr);
return 0 ;
}
/**
* folio_zero_user - Zero a folio which will be mapped to userspace .
* @ folio : The folio to zero .
* @ addr_hint : The address will be accessed or the base address if uncelar .
*/
void folio_zero_user(struct folio *folio, unsigned long addr_hint)
{
unsigned int nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
if (unlikely(nr_pages > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES))
clear_gigantic_page(folio, addr_hint, nr_pages);
else
process_huge_page(addr_hint, nr_pages, clear_subpage, folio);
}
static int copy_user_gigantic_page(struct folio *dst, struct folio *src,
unsigned long addr_hint,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned int nr_pages)
{
unsigned long addr = ALIGN_DOWN(addr_hint, folio_size(dst));
struct page *dst_page;
struct page *src_page;
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_pages; i++) {
dst_page = folio_page(dst, i);
src_page = folio_page(src, i);
cond_resched();
if (copy_mc_user_highpage(dst_page, src_page,
addr + i*PAGE_SIZE, vma))
return -EHWPOISON;
}
return 0 ;
}
struct copy_subpage_arg {
struct folio *dst;
struct folio *src;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
};
static int copy_subpage(unsigned long addr, int idx, void *arg)
{
struct copy_subpage_arg *copy_arg = arg;
struct page *dst = folio_page(copy_arg->dst, idx);
struct page *src = folio_page(copy_arg->src, idx);
if (copy_mc_user_highpage(dst, src, addr, copy_arg->vma))
return -EHWPOISON;
return 0 ;
}
int copy_user_large_folio(struct folio *dst, struct folio *src,
unsigned long addr_hint, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
unsigned int nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(dst);
struct copy_subpage_arg arg = {
.dst = dst,
.src = src,
.vma = vma,
};
if (unlikely(nr_pages > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES))
return copy_user_gigantic_page(dst, src, addr_hint, vma, nr_pages);
return process_huge_page(addr_hint, nr_pages, copy_subpage, &arg);
}
long copy_folio_from_user(struct folio *dst_folio,
const void __user *usr_src,
bool allow_pagefault)
{
void *kaddr;
unsigned long i, rc = 0 ;
unsigned int nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(dst_folio);
unsigned long ret_val = nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
struct page *subpage;
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_pages; i++) {
subpage = folio_page(dst_folio, i);
kaddr = kmap_local_page(subpage);
if (!allow_pagefault)
pagefault_disable();
rc = copy_from_user(kaddr, usr_src + i * PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
if (!allow_pagefault)
pagefault_enable();
kunmap_local(kaddr);
ret_val -= (PAGE_SIZE - rc);
if (rc)
break ;
flush_dcache_page(subpage);
cond_resched();
}
return ret_val;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || CONFIG_HUGETLBFS */
#if defined (CONFIG_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS) && ALLOC_SPLIT_PTLOCKS
static struct kmem_cache *page_ptl_cachep;
void __init ptlock_cache_init(void )
{
page_ptl_cachep = kmem_cache_create("page->ptl" , sizeof (spinlock_t), 0 ,
SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
}
bool ptlock_alloc(struct ptdesc *ptdesc)
{
spinlock_t *ptl;
ptl = kmem_cache_alloc(page_ptl_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ptl)
return false ;
ptdesc->ptl = ptl;
return true ;
}
void ptlock_free(struct ptdesc *ptdesc)
{
if (ptdesc->ptl)
kmem_cache_free(page_ptl_cachep, ptdesc->ptl);
}
#endif
void vma_pgtable_walk_begin(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
hugetlb_vma_lock_read(vma);
}
void vma_pgtable_walk_end(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
hugetlb_vma_unlock_read(vma);
}
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