Quelle red.h
Sprache: C
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef __NET_SCHED_RED_H
#define __NET_SCHED_RED_H
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
#include <net/inet_ecn.h>
#include <net/dsfield.h>
#include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
/* Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Source : Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson , " Random Early Detection Gateways
for Congestion Avoidance " , 1993 , IEEE / ACM Transactions on Networking .
This file codes a " divisionless " version of RED algorithm
as written down in Fig . 17 of the paper .
Short description .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
When a new packet arrives we calculate the average queue length :
avg = ( 1 - W ) * avg + W * current_queue_len ,
W is the filter time constant ( chosen as 2 ^ ( - Wlog ) ) , it controls
the inertia of the algorithm . To allow larger bursts , W should be
decreased .
if ( avg > th_max ) - > packet marked ( dropped ) .
if ( avg < th_min ) - > packet passes .
if ( th_min < avg < th_max ) we calculate probability :
Pb = max_P * ( avg - th_min ) / ( th_max - th_min )
and mark ( drop ) packet with this probability .
Pb changes from 0 ( at avg = = th_min ) to max_P ( avg = = th_max ) .
max_P should be small ( not 1 ) , usually 0 . 01 . . 0 . 02 is good value .
max_P is chosen as a number , so that max_P / ( th_max - th_min )
is a negative power of two in order arithmetic to contain
only shifts .
Parameters , settable by user :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
qth_min - bytes ( should be < qth_max / 2 )
qth_max - bytes ( should be at least 2 * qth_min and less limit )
Wlog - bits ( < 32 ) log ( 1 / W ) .
Plog - bits ( < 32 )
Plog is related to max_P by formula :
max_P = ( qth_max - qth_min ) / 2 ^ Plog ;
F . e . if qth_max = 128 K and qth_min = 32 K , then Plog = 22
corresponds to max_P = 0 . 02
Scell_log
Stab
Lookup table for log ( ( 1 - W ) ^ ( t / t_ave ) .
NOTES :
Upper bound on W .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
If you want to allow bursts of L packets of size S ,
you should choose W :
L + 1 - th_min / S < ( 1 - ( 1 - W ) ^ L ) / W
th_min / S = 32 th_min / S = 4
log ( W ) L
- 1 33
- 2 35
- 3 39
- 4 46
- 5 57
- 6 75
- 7 101
- 8 135
- 9 190
etc .
*/
/*
* Adaptative RED : An Algorithm for Increasing the Robustness of RED ' s AQM
* ( Sally FLoyd , Ramakrishna Gummadi , and Scott Shenker ) August 2001
*
* Every 500 ms :
* if ( avg > target and max_p < = 0 . 5 )
* increase max_p : max_p + = alpha ;
* else if ( avg < target and max_p > = 0 . 01 )
* decrease max_p : max_p * = beta ;
*
* target : [ qth_min + 0 . 4 * ( qth_min - qth_max ) ,
* qth_min + 0 . 6 * ( qth_min - qth_max ) ] .
* alpha : min ( 0 . 01 , max_p / 4 )
* beta : 0 . 9
* max_P is a Q0 . 32 fixed point number ( with 32 bits mantissa )
* max_P between 0 . 01 and 0 . 5 ( 1 % - 50 % ) [ Its no longer a negative power of two ]
*/
#define RED_ONE_PERCENT ((u32)DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST(1 ULL<<32 , 100 ))
#define MAX_P_MIN (1 * RED_ONE_PERCENT)
#define MAX_P_MAX (50 * RED_ONE_PERCENT)
#define MAX_P_ALPHA(val) min(MAX_P_MIN, val / 4 )
#define RED_STAB_SIZE 256
#define RED_STAB_MASK (RED_STAB_SIZE - 1 )
struct red_stats {
u32 prob_drop; /* Early probability drops */
u32 prob_mark; /* Early probability marks */
u32 forced_drop; /* Forced drops, qavg > max_thresh */
u32 forced_mark; /* Forced marks, qavg > max_thresh */
u32 pdrop; /* Drops due to queue limits */
};
struct red_parms {
/* Parameters */
u32 qth_min; /* Min avg length threshold: Wlog scaled */
u32 qth_max; /* Max avg length threshold: Wlog scaled */
u32 Scell_max;
u32 max_P; /* probability, [0 .. 1.0] 32 scaled */
/* reciprocal_value(max_P / qth_delta) */
struct reciprocal_value max_P_reciprocal;
u32 qth_delta; /* max_th - min_th */
u32 target_min; /* min_th + 0.4*(max_th - min_th) */
u32 target_max; /* min_th + 0.6*(max_th - min_th) */
u8 Scell_log;
u8 Wlog; /* log(W) */
u8 Plog; /* random number bits */
u8 Stab[RED_STAB_SIZE];
};
struct red_vars {
/* Variables */
int qcount; /* Number of packets since last random
number generation */
u32 qR; /* Cached random number */
unsigned long qavg; /* Average queue length: Wlog scaled */
ktime_t qidlestart; /* Start of current idle period */
};
static inline u32 red_maxp(u8 Plog)
{
return Plog < 32 ? (~0 U >> Plog) : ~0 U;
}
static inline void red_set_vars(struct red_vars *v)
{
/* Reset average queue length, the value is strictly bound
* to the parameters below , resetting hurts a bit but leaving
* it might result in an unreasonable qavg for a while . - - TGR
*/
v->qavg = 0 ;
v->qcount = -1 ;
}
static inline bool red_check_params(u32 qth_min, u32 qth_max, u8 Wlog,
u8 Scell_log, u8 *stab)
{
if (fls(qth_min) + Wlog >= 32 )
return false ;
if (fls(qth_max) + Wlog >= 32 )
return false ;
if (Scell_log >= 32 )
return false ;
if (qth_max < qth_min)
return false ;
if (stab) {
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < RED_STAB_SIZE; i++)
if (stab[i] >= 32 )
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
static inline int red_get_flags(unsigned char qopt_flags,
unsigned char historic_mask,
struct nlattr *flags_attr,
unsigned char supported_mask,
struct nla_bitfield32 *p_flags,
unsigned char *p_userbits,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct nla_bitfield32 flags;
if (qopt_flags && flags_attr) {
NL_SET_ERR_MSG_MOD(extack, "flags should be passed either through qopt, or through a dedicated attribute" );
return -EINVAL;
}
if (flags_attr) {
flags = nla_get_bitfield32(flags_attr);
} else {
flags.selector = historic_mask;
flags.value = qopt_flags & historic_mask;
}
*p_flags = flags;
*p_userbits = qopt_flags & ~historic_mask;
return 0 ;
}
static inline int red_validate_flags(unsigned char flags,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
if ((flags & TC_RED_NODROP) && !(flags & TC_RED_ECN)) {
NL_SET_ERR_MSG_MOD(extack, "nodrop mode is only meaningful with ECN" );
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0 ;
}
static inline void red_set_parms(struct red_parms *p,
u32 qth_min, u32 qth_max, u8 Wlog, u8 Plog,
u8 Scell_log, u8 *stab, u32 max_P)
{
int delta = qth_max - qth_min;
u32 max_p_delta;
WRITE_ONCE(p->qth_min, qth_min << Wlog);
WRITE_ONCE(p->qth_max, qth_max << Wlog);
WRITE_ONCE(p->Wlog, Wlog);
WRITE_ONCE(p->Plog, Plog);
if (delta <= 0 )
delta = 1 ;
p->qth_delta = delta;
if (!max_P) {
max_P = red_maxp(Plog);
max_P *= delta; /* max_P = (qth_max - qth_min)/2^Plog */
}
WRITE_ONCE(p->max_P, max_P);
max_p_delta = max_P / delta;
max_p_delta = max(max_p_delta, 1 U);
p->max_P_reciprocal = reciprocal_value(max_p_delta);
/* RED Adaptative target :
* [ min_th + 0 . 4 * ( min_th - max_th ) ,
* min_th + 0 . 6 * ( min_th - max_th ) ] .
*/
delta /= 5 ;
p->target_min = qth_min + 2 *delta;
p->target_max = qth_min + 3 *delta;
WRITE_ONCE(p->Scell_log, Scell_log);
p->Scell_max = (255 << Scell_log);
if (stab)
memcpy(p->Stab, stab, sizeof (p->Stab));
}
static inline int red_is_idling(const struct red_vars *v)
{
return v->qidlestart != 0 ;
}
static inline void red_start_of_idle_period(struct red_vars *v)
{
v->qidlestart = ktime_get();
}
static inline void red_end_of_idle_period(struct red_vars *v)
{
v->qidlestart = 0 ;
}
static inline void red_restart(struct red_vars *v)
{
red_end_of_idle_period(v);
v->qavg = 0 ;
v->qcount = -1 ;
}
static inline unsigned long red_calc_qavg_from_idle_time(const struct red_parms *p,
const struct red_vars *v)
{
s64 delta = ktime_us_delta(ktime_get(), v->qidlestart);
long us_idle = min_t(s64, delta, p->Scell_max);
int shift;
/*
* The problem : ideally , average length queue recalculation should
* be done over constant clock intervals . This is too expensive , so
* that the calculation is driven by outgoing packets .
* When the queue is idle we have to model this clock by hand .
*
* SF + VJ proposed to " generate " :
*
* m = idletime / ( average_pkt_size / bandwidth )
*
* dummy packets as a burst after idle time , i . e .
*
* v - > qavg * = ( 1 - W ) ^ m
*
* This is an apparently overcomplicated solution ( f . e . we have to
* precompute a table to make this calculation in reasonable time )
* I believe that a simpler model may be used here ,
* but it is field for experiments .
*/
shift = p->Stab[(us_idle >> p->Scell_log) & RED_STAB_MASK];
if (shift)
return v->qavg >> shift;
else {
/* Approximate initial part of exponent with linear function:
*
* ( 1 - W ) ^ m ~ = 1 - mW + . . .
*
* Seems , it is the best solution to
* problem of too coarse exponent tabulation .
*/
us_idle = (v->qavg * (u64)us_idle) >> p->Scell_log;
if (us_idle < (v->qavg >> 1 ))
return v->qavg - us_idle;
else
return v->qavg >> 1 ;
}
}
static inline unsigned long red_calc_qavg_no_idle_time(const struct red_parms *p,
const struct red_vars *v,
unsigned int backlog)
{
/*
* NOTE : v - > qavg is fixed point number with point at Wlog .
* The formula below is equivalent to floating point
* version :
*
* qavg = qavg * ( 1 - W ) + backlog * W ;
*
* - - ANK ( 980924 )
*/
return v->qavg + (backlog - (v->qavg >> p->Wlog));
}
static inline unsigned long red_calc_qavg(const struct red_parms *p,
const struct red_vars *v,
unsigned int backlog)
{
if (!red_is_idling(v))
return red_calc_qavg_no_idle_time(p, v, backlog);
else
return red_calc_qavg_from_idle_time(p, v);
}
static inline u32 red_random(const struct red_parms *p)
{
return reciprocal_divide(get_random_u32(), p->max_P_reciprocal);
}
static inline int red_mark_probability(const struct red_parms *p,
const struct red_vars *v,
unsigned long qavg)
{
/* The formula used below causes questions.
OK . qR is random number in the interval
( 0 . . 1 / max_P ) * ( qth_max - qth_min )
i . e . 0 . . ( 2 ^ Plog ) . If we used floating point
arithmetic , it would be : ( 2 ^ Plog ) * rnd_num ,
where rnd_num is less 1 .
Taking into account , that qavg have fixed
point at Wlog , two lines
below have the following floating point equivalent :
max_P * ( qavg - qth_min ) / ( qth_max - qth_min ) < rnd / qcount
Any questions ? - - ANK ( 980924 )
*/
return !(((qavg - p->qth_min) >> p->Wlog) * v->qcount < v->qR);
}
enum {
RED_BELOW_MIN_THRESH,
RED_BETWEEN_TRESH,
RED_ABOVE_MAX_TRESH,
};
static inline int red_cmp_thresh(const struct red_parms *p, unsigned long qavg)
{
if (qavg < p->qth_min)
return RED_BELOW_MIN_THRESH;
else if (qavg >= p->qth_max)
return RED_ABOVE_MAX_TRESH;
else
return RED_BETWEEN_TRESH;
}
enum {
RED_DONT_MARK,
RED_PROB_MARK,
RED_HARD_MARK,
};
static inline int red_action(const struct red_parms *p,
struct red_vars *v,
unsigned long qavg)
{
switch (red_cmp_thresh(p, qavg)) {
case RED_BELOW_MIN_THRESH:
v->qcount = -1 ;
return RED_DONT_MARK;
case RED_BETWEEN_TRESH:
if (++v->qcount) {
if (red_mark_probability(p, v, qavg)) {
v->qcount = 0 ;
v->qR = red_random(p);
return RED_PROB_MARK;
}
} else
v->qR = red_random(p);
return RED_DONT_MARK;
case RED_ABOVE_MAX_TRESH:
v->qcount = -1 ;
return RED_HARD_MARK;
}
BUG();
return RED_DONT_MARK;
}
static inline void red_adaptative_algo(struct red_parms *p, struct red_vars *v)
{
unsigned long qavg;
u32 max_p_delta;
qavg = v->qavg;
if (red_is_idling(v))
qavg = red_calc_qavg_from_idle_time(p, v);
/* v->qavg is fixed point number with point at Wlog */
qavg >>= p->Wlog;
if (qavg > p->target_max && p->max_P <= MAX_P_MAX)
p->max_P += MAX_P_ALPHA(p->max_P); /* maxp = maxp + alpha */
else if (qavg < p->target_min && p->max_P >= MAX_P_MIN)
p->max_P = (p->max_P/10 )*9 ; /* maxp = maxp * Beta */
max_p_delta = DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST(p->max_P, p->qth_delta);
max_p_delta = max(max_p_delta, 1 U);
p->max_P_reciprocal = reciprocal_value(max_p_delta);
}
#endif
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=99 G=96
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.4 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
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2026-10-10
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