/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _LINUX_MIN_HEAP_H
#define _LINUX_MIN_HEAP_H
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
/*
* The Min Heap API provides utilities for managing min - heaps , a binary tree
* structure where each node ' s value is less than or equal to its children ' s
* values , ensuring the smallest element is at the root .
*
* Users should avoid directly calling functions prefixed with _ _ min_heap_ * ( ) .
* Instead , use the provided macro wrappers .
*
* For further details and examples , refer to Documentation / core - api / min_heap . rst .
*/
/**
* Data structure to hold a min - heap .
* @ nr : Number of elements currently in the heap .
* @ size : Maximum number of elements that can be held in current storage .
* @ data : Pointer to the start of array holding the heap elements .
* @ preallocated : Start of the static preallocated array holding the heap elements .
*/
#define MIN_HEAP_PREALLOCATED(_type, _name, _nr) \
struct _name { \
size_t nr; \
size_t size; \
_type *data; \
_type preallocated[_nr]; \
}
#define DEFINE_MIN_HEAP(_type, _name) MIN_HEAP_PREALLOCATED(_type, _name, 0 )
typedef DEFINE_MIN_HEAP(char , min_heap_char) min_heap_char;
#define __minheap_cast(_heap) (typeof((_heap)->data[0 ]) *)
#define __minheap_obj_size(_heap) sizeof ((_heap)->data[0 ])
/**
* struct min_heap_callbacks - Data / functions to customise the min_heap .
* @ less : Partial order function for this heap .
* @ swp : Swap elements function .
*/
struct min_heap_callbacks {
bool (*less)(const void *lhs, const void *rhs, void *args);
void (*swp)(void *lhs, void *rhs, void *args);
};
/**
* is_aligned - is this pointer & size okay for word - wide copying ?
* @ base : pointer to data
* @ size : size of each element
* @ align : required alignment ( typically 4 or 8 )
*
* Returns true if elements can be copied using word loads and stores .
* The size must be a multiple of the alignment , and the base address must
* be if we do not have CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS .
*
* For some reason , gcc doesn ' t know to optimize " if ( a & mask | | b & mask ) "
* to " if ( ( a | b ) & mask ) " , so we do that by hand .
*/
__attribute_const__ __always_inline
static bool is_aligned(const void *base, size_t size, unsigned char align)
{
unsigned char lsbits = (unsigned char )size;
(void )base;
#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
lsbits |= (unsigned char )(uintptr_t)base;
#endif
return (lsbits & (align - 1 )) == 0 ;
}
/**
* swap_words_32 - swap two elements in 32 - bit chunks
* @ a : pointer to the first element to swap
* @ b : pointer to the second element to swap
* @ n : element size ( must be a multiple of 4 )
*
* Exchange the two objects in memory . This exploits base + index addressing ,
* which basically all CPUs have , to minimize loop overhead computations .
*
* For some reason , on x86 gcc 7 . 3 . 0 adds a redundant test of n at the
* bottom of the loop , even though the zero flag is still valid from the
* subtract ( since the intervening mov instructions don ' t alter the flags ) .
* Gcc 8 . 1 . 0 doesn ' t have that problem .
*/
static __always_inline
void swap_words_32(void *a, void *b, size_t n)
{
do {
u32 t = *(u32 *)(a + (n -= 4 ));
*(u32 *)(a + n) = *(u32 *)(b + n);
*(u32 *)(b + n) = t;
} while (n);
}
/**
* swap_words_64 - swap two elements in 64 - bit chunks
* @ a : pointer to the first element to swap
* @ b : pointer to the second element to swap
* @ n : element size ( must be a multiple of 8 )
*
* Exchange the two objects in memory . This exploits base + index
* addressing , which basically all CPUs have , to minimize loop overhead
* computations .
*
* We ' d like to use 64 - bit loads if possible . If they ' re not , emulating
* one requires base + index + 4 addressing which x86 has but most other
* processors do not . If CONFIG_64BIT , we definitely have 64 - bit loads ,
* but it ' s possible to have 64 - bit loads without 64 - bit pointers ( e . g .
* x32 ABI ) . Are there any cases the kernel needs to worry about ?
*/
static __always_inline
void swap_words_64(void *a, void *b, size_t n)
{
do {
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
u64 t = *(u64 *)(a + (n -= 8 ));
*(u64 *)(a + n) = *(u64 *)(b + n);
*(u64 *)(b + n) = t;
#else
/* Use two 32-bit transfers to avoid base+index+4 addressing */
u32 t = *(u32 *)(a + (n -= 4 ));
*(u32 *)(a + n) = *(u32 *)(b + n);
*(u32 *)(b + n) = t;
t = *(u32 *)(a + (n -= 4 ));
*(u32 *)(a + n) = *(u32 *)(b + n);
*(u32 *)(b + n) = t;
#endif
} while (n);
}
/**
* swap_bytes - swap two elements a byte at a time
* @ a : pointer to the first element to swap
* @ b : pointer to the second element to swap
* @ n : element size
*
* This is the fallback if alignment doesn ' t allow using larger chunks .
*/
static __always_inline
void swap_bytes(void *a, void *b, size_t n)
{
do {
char t = ((char *)a)[--n];
((char *)a)[n] = ((char *)b)[n];
((char *)b)[n] = t;
} while (n);
}
/*
* The values are arbitrary as long as they can ' t be confused with
* a pointer , but small integers make for the smallest compare
* instructions .
*/
#define SWAP_WORDS_64 ((void (*)(void *, void *, void *))0 )
#define SWAP_WORDS_32 ((void (*)(void *, void *, void *))1 )
#define SWAP_BYTES ((void (*)(void *, void *, void *))2 )
/*
* Selects the appropriate swap function based on the element size .
*/
static __always_inline
void *select_swap_func(const void *base, size_t size)
{
if (is_aligned(base, size, 8 ))
return SWAP_WORDS_64;
else if (is_aligned(base, size, 4 ))
return SWAP_WORDS_32;
else
return SWAP_BYTES;
}
static __always_inline
void do_swap(void *a, void *b, size_t size, void (*swap_func)(void *lhs, void *rhs, void *args),
void *priv)
{
if (swap_func == SWAP_WORDS_64)
swap_words_64(a, b, size);
else if (swap_func == SWAP_WORDS_32)
swap_words_32(a, b, size);
else if (swap_func == SWAP_BYTES)
swap_bytes(a, b, size);
else
swap_func(a, b, priv);
}
/**
* parent - given the offset of the child , find the offset of the parent .
* @ i : the offset of the heap element whose parent is sought . Non - zero .
* @ lsbit : a precomputed 1 - bit mask , equal to " size & - size "
* @ size : size of each element
*
* In terms of array indexes , the parent of element j = @ i / @ size is simply
* ( j - 1 ) / 2 . But when working in byte offsets , we can ' t use implicit
* truncation of integer divides .
*
* Fortunately , we only need one bit of the quotient , not the full divide .
* @ size has a least significant bit . That bit will be clear if @ i is
* an even multiple of @ size , and set if it ' s an odd multiple .
*
* Logically , we ' re doing " if ( i & lsbit ) i - = size ; " , but since the
* branch is unpredictable , it ' s done with a bit of clever branch - free
* code instead .
*/
__attribute_const__ __always_inline
static size_t parent(size_t i, unsigned int lsbit, size_t size)
{
i -= size;
i -= size & -(i & lsbit);
return i / 2 ;
}
/* Initialize a min-heap. */
static __always_inline
void __min_heap_init_inline(min_heap_char *heap, void *data, size_t size)
{
heap->nr = 0 ;
heap->size = size;
if (data)
heap->data = data;
else
heap->data = heap->preallocated;
}
#define min_heap_init_inline(_heap, _data, _size) \
__min_heap_init_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _data, _size)
/* Get the minimum element from the heap. */
static __always_inline
void *__min_heap_peek_inline(struct min_heap_char *heap)
{
return heap->nr ? heap->data : NULL;
}
#define min_heap_peek_inline(_heap) \
(__minheap_cast(_heap) \
__min_heap_peek_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr)))
/* Check if the heap is full. */
static __always_inline
bool __min_heap_full_inline(min_heap_char *heap)
{
return heap->nr == heap->size;
}
#define min_heap_full_inline(_heap) \
__min_heap_full_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr))
/* Sift the element at pos down the heap. */
static __always_inline
void __min_heap_sift_down_inline(min_heap_char *heap, size_t pos, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
const unsigned long lsbit = elem_size & -elem_size;
void *data = heap->data;
void (*swp)(void *lhs, void *rhs, void *args) = func->swp;
/* pre-scale counters for performance */
size_t a = pos * elem_size;
size_t b, c, d;
size_t n = heap->nr * elem_size;
if (!swp)
swp = select_swap_func(data, elem_size);
/* Find the sift-down path all the way to the leaves. */
for (b = a; c = 2 * b + elem_size, (d = c + elem_size) < n;)
b = func->less(data + c, data + d, args) ? c : d;
/* Special case for the last leaf with no sibling. */
if (d == n)
b = c;
/* Backtrack to the correct location. */
while (b != a && func->less(data + a, data + b, args))
b = parent(b, lsbit, elem_size);
/* Shift the element into its correct place. */
c = b;
while (b != a) {
b = parent(b, lsbit, elem_size);
do_swap(data + b, data + c, elem_size, swp, args);
}
}
#define min_heap_sift_down_inline(_heap, _pos, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_sift_down_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _pos, \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
/* Sift up ith element from the heap, O(log2(nr)). */
static __always_inline
void __min_heap_sift_up_inline(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size, size_t idx,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
const unsigned long lsbit = elem_size & -elem_size;
void *data = heap->data;
void (*swp)(void *lhs, void *rhs, void *args) = func->swp;
/* pre-scale counters for performance */
size_t a = idx * elem_size, b;
if (!swp)
swp = select_swap_func(data, elem_size);
while (a) {
b = parent(a, lsbit, elem_size);
if (func->less(data + b, data + a, args))
break ;
do_swap(data + a, data + b, elem_size, swp, args);
a = b;
}
}
#define min_heap_sift_up_inline(_heap, _idx, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_sift_up_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _idx, _func, _args)
/* Floyd's approach to heapification that is O(nr). */
static __always_inline
void __min_heapify_all_inline(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
ssize_t i;
for (i = heap->nr / 2 - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
__min_heap_sift_down_inline(heap, i, elem_size, func, args);
}
#define min_heapify_all_inline(_heap, _func, _args) \
__min_heapify_all_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
/* Remove minimum element from the heap, O(log2(nr)). */
static __always_inline
bool __min_heap_pop_inline(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
void *data = heap->data;
if (WARN_ONCE(heap->nr <= 0 , "Popping an empty heap" ))
return false ;
/* Place last element at the root (position 0) and then sift down. */
heap->nr--;
memcpy(data, data + (heap->nr * elem_size), elem_size);
__min_heap_sift_down_inline(heap, 0 , elem_size, func, args);
return true ;
}
#define min_heap_pop_inline(_heap, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_pop_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
/*
* Remove the minimum element and then push the given element . The
* implementation performs 1 sift ( O ( log2 ( nr ) ) ) and is therefore more
* efficient than a pop followed by a push that does 2 .
*/
static __always_inline
void __min_heap_pop_push_inline(min_heap_char *heap, const void *element, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
memcpy(heap->data, element, elem_size);
__min_heap_sift_down_inline(heap, 0 , elem_size, func, args);
}
#define min_heap_pop_push_inline(_heap, _element, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_pop_push_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _element, \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
/* Push an element on to the heap, O(log2(nr)). */
static __always_inline
bool __min_heap_push_inline(min_heap_char *heap, const void *element, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
void *data = heap->data;
size_t pos;
if (WARN_ONCE(heap->nr >= heap->size, "Pushing on a full heap" ))
return false ;
/* Place at the end of data. */
pos = heap->nr;
memcpy(data + (pos * elem_size), element, elem_size);
heap->nr++;
/* Sift child at pos up. */
__min_heap_sift_up_inline(heap, elem_size, pos, func, args);
return true ;
}
#define min_heap_push_inline(_heap, _element, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_push_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _element, \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
/* Remove ith element from the heap, O(log2(nr)). */
static __always_inline
bool __min_heap_del_inline(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size, size_t idx,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args)
{
void *data = heap->data;
void (*swp)(void *lhs, void *rhs, void *args) = func->swp;
if (WARN_ONCE(heap->nr <= 0 , "Popping an empty heap" ))
return false ;
if (!swp)
swp = select_swap_func(data, elem_size);
/* Place last element at the root (position 0) and then sift down. */
heap->nr--;
if (idx == heap->nr)
return true ;
do_swap(data + (idx * elem_size), data + (heap->nr * elem_size), elem_size, swp, args);
__min_heap_sift_up_inline(heap, elem_size, idx, func, args);
__min_heap_sift_down_inline(heap, idx, elem_size, func, args);
return true ;
}
#define min_heap_del_inline(_heap, _idx, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_del_inline(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _idx, _func, _args)
void __min_heap_init(min_heap_char *heap, void *data, size_t size);
void *__min_heap_peek(struct min_heap_char *heap);
bool __min_heap_full(min_heap_char *heap);
void __min_heap_sift_down(min_heap_char *heap, size_t pos, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
void __min_heap_sift_up(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size, size_t idx,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
void __min_heapify_all(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
bool __min_heap_pop(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
void __min_heap_pop_push(min_heap_char *heap, const void *element, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
bool __min_heap_push(min_heap_char *heap, const void *element, size_t elem_size,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
bool __min_heap_del(min_heap_char *heap, size_t elem_size, size_t idx,
const struct min_heap_callbacks *func, void *args);
#define min_heap_init(_heap, _data, _size) \
__min_heap_init(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _data, _size)
#define min_heap_peek(_heap) \
(__minheap_cast(_heap) __min_heap_peek(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr)))
#define min_heap_full(_heap) \
__min_heap_full(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr))
#define min_heap_sift_down(_heap, _pos, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_sift_down(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _pos, \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
#define min_heap_sift_up(_heap, _idx, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_sift_up(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _idx, _func, _args)
#define min_heapify_all(_heap, _func, _args) \
__min_heapify_all(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
#define min_heap_pop(_heap, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_pop(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
#define min_heap_pop_push(_heap, _element, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_pop_push(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _element, \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
#define min_heap_push(_heap, _element, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_push(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), _element, \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _func, _args)
#define min_heap_del(_heap, _idx, _func, _args) \
__min_heap_del(container_of(&(_heap)->nr, min_heap_char, nr), \
__minheap_obj_size(_heap), _idx, _func, _args)
#endif /* _LINUX_MIN_HEAP_H */
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