Quelle cuse.c
Sprache: C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* CUSE : Character device in Userspace
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2008 - 2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
* Copyright ( C ) 2008 - 2009 Tejun Heo < tj @ kernel . org >
*
* CUSE enables character devices to be implemented from userland much
* like FUSE allows filesystems . On initialization / dev / cuse is
* created . By opening the file and replying to the CUSE_INIT request
* userland CUSE server can create a character device . After that the
* operation is very similar to FUSE .
*
* A CUSE instance involves the following objects .
*
* cuse_conn : contains fuse_conn and serves as bonding structure
* channel : file handle connected to the userland CUSE server
* cdev : the implemented character device
* dev : generic device for cdev
*
* Note that ' channel ' is what ' dev ' is in FUSE . As CUSE deals with
* devices , it ' s called ' channel ' to reduce confusion .
*
* channel determines when the character device dies . When channel is
* closed , everything begins to destruct . The cuse_conn is taken off
* the lookup table preventing further access from cdev , cdev and
* generic device are removed and the base reference of cuse_conn is
* put .
*
* On each open , the matching cuse_conn is looked up and if found an
* additional reference is taken which is released when the file is
* closed .
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "CUSE: " fmt
#include <linux/fuse.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/magic.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
#include "fuse_i.h"
#define CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN 64
struct cuse_conn {
struct list_head list; /* linked on cuse_conntbl */
struct fuse_mount fm; /* Dummy mount referencing fc */
struct fuse_conn fc; /* fuse connection */
struct cdev *cdev; /* associated character device */
struct device *dev; /* device representing @cdev */
/* init parameters, set once during initialization */
bool unrestricted_ioctl;
};
static DEFINE_MUTEX(cuse_lock); /* protects registration */
static struct list_head cuse_conntbl[CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
static struct class *cuse_class;
static struct cuse_conn *fc_to_cc(struct fuse_conn *fc)
{
return container_of(fc, struct cuse_conn, fc);
}
static struct list_head *cuse_conntbl_head(dev_t devt)
{
return &cuse_conntbl[(MAJOR(devt) + MINOR(devt)) % CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
}
/**************************************************************************
* CUSE frontend operations
*
* These are file operations for the character device .
*
* On open , CUSE opens a file from the FUSE mnt and stores it to
* private_data of the open file . All other ops call FUSE ops on the
* FUSE file .
*/
static ssize_t cuse_read_iter(struct kiocb *kiocb, struct iov_iter *to)
{
struct fuse_io_priv io = FUSE_IO_PRIV_SYNC(kiocb);
loff_t pos = 0 ;
return fuse_direct_io(&io, to, &pos, FUSE_DIO_CUSE);
}
static ssize_t cuse_write_iter(struct kiocb *kiocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
struct fuse_io_priv io = FUSE_IO_PRIV_SYNC(kiocb);
loff_t pos = 0 ;
/*
* No locking or generic_write_checks ( ) , the server is
* responsible for locking and sanity checks .
*/
return fuse_direct_io(&io, from, &pos,
FUSE_DIO_WRITE | FUSE_DIO_CUSE);
}
static int cuse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
dev_t devt = inode->i_cdev->dev;
struct cuse_conn *cc = NULL, *pos;
int rc;
/* look up and get the connection */
mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
list_for_each_entry(pos, cuse_conntbl_head(devt), list)
if (pos->dev->devt == devt) {
fuse_conn_get(&pos->fc);
cc = pos;
break ;
}
mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
/* dead? */
if (!cc)
return -ENODEV;
/*
* Generic permission check is already done against the chrdev
* file , proceed to open .
*/
rc = fuse_do_open(&cc->fm, 0 , file, 0 );
if (rc)
fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
return rc;
}
static int cuse_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
struct fuse_mount *fm = ff->fm;
fuse_sync_release(NULL, ff, file->f_flags);
fuse_conn_put(fm->fc);
return 0 ;
}
static long cuse_file_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
unsigned long arg)
{
struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fm->fc);
unsigned int flags = 0 ;
if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
}
static long cuse_file_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
unsigned long arg)
{
struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fm->fc);
unsigned int flags = FUSE_IOCTL_COMPAT;
if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
}
static const struct file_operations cuse_frontend_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read_iter = cuse_read_iter,
.write_iter = cuse_write_iter,
.open = cuse_open,
.release = cuse_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = cuse_file_ioctl,
.compat_ioctl = cuse_file_compat_ioctl,
.poll = fuse_file_poll,
.llseek = noop_llseek,
};
/**************************************************************************
* CUSE channel initialization and destruction
*/
struct cuse_devinfo {
const char *name;
};
/**
* cuse_parse_one - parse one key = value pair
* @ pp : i / o parameter for the current position
* @ end : points to one past the end of the packed string
* @ keyp : out parameter for key
* @ valp : out parameter for value
*
* * @ pp points to packed strings - " key0 = val0 \ 0 key1 = val1 \ 0 " which ends
* at @ end - 1 . This function parses one pair and set * @ keyp to the
* start of the key and * @ valp to the start of the value . Note that
* the original string is modified such that the key string is
* terminated with ' \ 0 ' . * @ pp is updated to point to the next string .
*
* RETURNS :
* 1 on successful parse , 0 on EOF , - errno on failure .
*/
static int cuse_parse_one(char **pp, char *end, char **keyp, char **valp)
{
char *p = *pp;
char *key, *val;
while (p < end && *p == '\0' )
p++;
if (p == end)
return 0 ;
if (end[-1 ] != '\0' ) {
pr_err("info not properly terminated\n" );
return -EINVAL;
}
key = val = p;
p += strlen(p);
if (valp) {
strsep(&val, "=" );
if (!val)
val = key + strlen(key);
key = strstrip(key);
val = strstrip(val);
} else
key = strstrip(key);
if (!strlen(key)) {
pr_err("zero length info key specified\n" );
return -EINVAL;
}
*pp = p;
*keyp = key;
if (valp)
*valp = val;
return 1 ;
}
/**
* cuse_parse_devinfo - parse device info
* @ p : device info string
* @ len : length of device info string
* @ devinfo : out parameter for parsed device info
*
* Parse @ p to extract device info and store it into @ devinfo . String
* pointed to by @ p is modified by parsing and @ devinfo points into
* them , so @ p shouldn ' t be freed while @ devinfo is in use .
*
* RETURNS :
* 0 on success , - errno on failure .
*/
static int cuse_parse_devinfo(char *p, size_t len, struct cuse_devinfo *devinfo)
{
char *end = p + len;
char *key, *val;
int rc;
while (true ) {
rc = cuse_parse_one(&p, end, &key, &val);
if (rc < 0 )
return rc;
if (!rc)
break ;
if (strcmp(key, "DEVNAME" ) == 0 )
devinfo->name = val;
else
pr_warn("unknown device info \" %s\"\n" , key);
}
if (!devinfo->name || !strlen(devinfo->name)) {
pr_err("DEVNAME unspecified\n" );
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0 ;
}
static void cuse_gendev_release(struct device *dev)
{
kfree(dev);
}
struct cuse_init_args {
struct fuse_args_pages ap;
struct cuse_init_in in;
struct cuse_init_out out;
struct folio *folio;
struct fuse_folio_desc desc;
};
/**
* cuse_process_init_reply - finish initializing CUSE channel
*
* @ fm : The fuse mount information containing the CUSE connection .
* @ args : The arguments passed to the init reply .
* @ error : The error code signifying if any error occurred during the process .
*
* This function creates the character device and sets up all the
* required data structures for it . Please read the comment at the
* top of this file for high level overview .
*/
static void cuse_process_init_reply(struct fuse_mount *fm,
struct fuse_args *args, int error)
{
struct fuse_conn *fc = fm->fc;
struct cuse_init_args *ia = container_of(args, typeof(*ia), ap.args);
struct fuse_args_pages *ap = &ia->ap;
struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc), *pos;
struct cuse_init_out *arg = &ia->out;
struct folio *folio = ap->folios[0 ];
struct cuse_devinfo devinfo = { };
struct device *dev;
struct cdev *cdev;
dev_t devt;
int rc, i;
if (error || arg->major != FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION || arg->minor < 11 )
goto err;
fc->minor = arg->minor;
fc->max_read = max_t(unsigned , arg->max_read, 4096 );
fc->max_write = max_t(unsigned , arg->max_write, 4096 );
/* parse init reply */
cc->unrestricted_ioctl = arg->flags & CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
rc = cuse_parse_devinfo(folio_address(folio), ap->args.out_args[1 ].size,
&devinfo);
if (rc)
goto err;
/* determine and reserve devt */
devt = MKDEV(arg->dev_major, arg->dev_minor);
if (!MAJOR(devt))
rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&devt, MINOR(devt), 1 , devinfo.name);
else
rc = register_chrdev_region(devt, 1 , devinfo.name);
if (rc) {
pr_err("failed to register chrdev region\n" );
goto err;
}
/* devt determined, create device */
rc = -ENOMEM;
dev = kzalloc(sizeof (*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev)
goto err_region;
device_initialize(dev);
dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 1 );
dev->class = cuse_class;
dev->devt = devt;
dev->release = cuse_gendev_release;
dev_set_drvdata(dev, cc);
dev_set_name(dev, "%s" , devinfo.name);
mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
/* make sure the device-name is unique */
for (i = 0 ; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; ++i) {
list_for_each_entry(pos, &cuse_conntbl[i], list)
if (!strcmp(dev_name(pos->dev), dev_name(dev)))
goto err_unlock;
}
rc = device_add(dev);
if (rc)
goto err_unlock;
/* register cdev */
rc = -ENOMEM;
cdev = cdev_alloc();
if (!cdev)
goto err_unlock;
cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev->ops = &cuse_frontend_fops;
rc = cdev_add(cdev, devt, 1 );
if (rc)
goto err_cdev;
cc->dev = dev;
cc->cdev = cdev;
/* make the device available */
list_add(&cc->list, cuse_conntbl_head(devt));
mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
/* announce device availability */
dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 0 );
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
out:
kfree(ia);
folio_put(folio);
return ;
err_cdev:
cdev_del(cdev);
err_unlock:
mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
put_device(dev);
err_region:
unregister_chrdev_region(devt, 1 );
err:
fuse_abort_conn(fc);
goto out;
}
static int cuse_send_init(struct cuse_conn *cc)
{
int rc;
struct folio *folio;
struct fuse_mount *fm = &cc->fm;
struct cuse_init_args *ia;
struct fuse_args_pages *ap;
BUILD_BUG_ON(CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX > PAGE_SIZE);
rc = -ENOMEM;
folio = folio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, 0 );
if (!folio)
goto err;
ia = kzalloc(sizeof (*ia), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ia)
goto err_free_folio;
ap = &ia->ap;
ia->in.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
ia->in.minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
ia->in.flags |= CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
ap->args.opcode = CUSE_INIT;
ap->args.in_numargs = 1 ;
ap->args.in_args[0 ].size = sizeof (ia->in);
ap->args.in_args[0 ].value = &ia->in;
ap->args.out_numargs = 2 ;
ap->args.out_args[0 ].size = sizeof (ia->out);
ap->args.out_args[0 ].value = &ia->out;
ap->args.out_args[1 ].size = CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX;
ap->args.out_argvar = true ;
ap->args.out_pages = true ;
ap->num_folios = 1 ;
ap->folios = &ia->folio;
ap->descs = &ia->desc;
ia->folio = folio;
ia->desc.length = ap->args.out_args[1 ].size;
ap->args.end = cuse_process_init_reply;
rc = fuse_simple_background(fm, &ap->args, GFP_KERNEL);
if (rc) {
kfree(ia);
err_free_folio:
folio_put(folio);
}
err:
return rc;
}
static void cuse_fc_release(struct fuse_conn *fc)
{
kfree(fc_to_cc(fc));
}
/**
* cuse_channel_open - open method for / dev / cuse
* @ inode : inode for / dev / cuse
* @ file : file struct being opened
*
* Userland CUSE server can create a CUSE device by opening / dev / cuse
* and replying to the initialization request kernel sends . This
* function is responsible for handling CUSE device initialization .
* Because the fd opened by this function is used during
* initialization , this function only creates cuse_conn and sends
* init . The rest is delegated to a kthread .
*
* RETURNS :
* 0 on success , - errno on failure .
*/
static int cuse_channel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct fuse_dev *fud;
struct cuse_conn *cc;
int rc;
/* set up cuse_conn */
cc = kzalloc(sizeof (*cc), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!cc)
return -ENOMEM;
/*
* Limit the cuse channel to requests that can
* be represented in file - > f_cred - > user_ns .
*/
fuse_conn_init(&cc->fc, &cc->fm, file->f_cred->user_ns,
&fuse_dev_fiq_ops, NULL);
cc->fc.release = cuse_fc_release;
fud = fuse_dev_alloc_install(&cc->fc);
fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
if (!fud)
return -ENOMEM;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->list);
cc->fc.initialized = 1 ;
rc = cuse_send_init(cc);
if (rc) {
fuse_dev_free(fud);
return rc;
}
file->private_data = fud;
return 0 ;
}
/**
* cuse_channel_release - release method for / dev / cuse
* @ inode : inode for / dev / cuse
* @ file : file struct being closed
*
* Disconnect the channel , deregister CUSE device and initiate
* destruction by putting the default reference .
*
* RETURNS :
* 0 on success , - errno on failure .
*/
static int cuse_channel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct fuse_dev *fud = file->private_data;
struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fud->fc);
/* remove from the conntbl, no more access from this point on */
mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
list_del_init(&cc->list);
mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
/* remove device */
if (cc->dev)
device_unregister(cc->dev);
if (cc->cdev) {
unregister_chrdev_region(cc->cdev->dev, 1 );
cdev_del(cc->cdev);
}
return fuse_dev_release(inode, file);
}
static struct file_operations cuse_channel_fops; /* initialized during init */
/**************************************************************************
* Misc stuff and module initializatiion
*
* CUSE exports the same set of attributes to sysfs as fusectl .
*/
static ssize_t cuse_class_waiting_show(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
return sprintf(buf, "%d\n" , atomic_read(&cc->fc.num_waiting));
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(waiting, 0400 , cuse_class_waiting_show, NULL);
static ssize_t cuse_class_abort_store(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
fuse_abort_conn(&cc->fc);
return count;
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(abort, 0200 , NULL, cuse_class_abort_store);
static struct attribute *cuse_class_dev_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_waiting.attr,
&dev_attr_abort.attr,
NULL,
};
ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(cuse_class_dev);
static struct miscdevice cuse_miscdev = {
.minor = CUSE_MINOR,
.name = "cuse" ,
.fops = &cuse_channel_fops,
};
MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(CUSE_MINOR);
MODULE_ALIAS("devname:cuse" );
static int __init cuse_init(void )
{
int i, rc;
/* init conntbl */
for (i = 0 ; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; i++)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cuse_conntbl[i]);
/* inherit and extend fuse_dev_operations */
cuse_channel_fops = fuse_dev_operations;
cuse_channel_fops.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cuse_channel_fops.open = cuse_channel_open;
cuse_channel_fops.release = cuse_channel_release;
/* CUSE is not prepared for FUSE_DEV_IOC_CLONE */
cuse_channel_fops.unlocked_ioctl = NULL;
cuse_class = class_create("cuse" );
if (IS_ERR(cuse_class))
return PTR_ERR(cuse_class);
cuse_class->dev_groups = cuse_class_dev_groups;
rc = misc_register(&cuse_miscdev);
if (rc) {
class_destroy(cuse_class);
return rc;
}
return 0 ;
}
static void __exit cuse_exit(void )
{
misc_deregister(&cuse_miscdev);
class_destroy(cuse_class);
}
module_init(cuse_init);
module_exit(cuse_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>" );
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Character device in Userspace" );
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL" );
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=95 H=88 G=91
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.29 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-29)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-10-10
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