SSL fs-writeback.c
Sprache: C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* fs / fs - writeback . c
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2002 , Linus Torvalds .
*
* Contains all the functions related to writing back and waiting
* upon dirty inodes against superblocks , and writing back dirty
* pages against inodes . ie : data writeback . Writeout of the
* inode itself is not handled here .
*
* 10 Apr2002 Andrew Morton
* Split out of fs / inode . c
* Additions for address_space - based writeback
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include "internal.h"
/*
* 4 MB minimal write chunk size
*/
#define MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES (4096 UL >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10 ))
/*
* Passed into wb_writeback ( ) , essentially a subset of writeback_control
*/
struct wb_writeback_work {
long nr_pages;
struct super_block *sb;
enum writeback_sync_modes sync_mode;
unsigned int tagged_writepages:1 ;
unsigned int for_kupdate:1 ;
unsigned int range_cyclic:1 ;
unsigned int for_background:1 ;
unsigned int for_sync:1 ; /* sync(2) WB_SYNC_ALL writeback */
unsigned int auto_free:1 ; /* free on completion */
enum wb_reason reason; /* why was writeback initiated? */
struct list_head list; /* pending work list */
struct wb_completion *done; /* set if the caller waits */
};
/*
* If an inode is constantly having its pages dirtied , but then the
* updates stop dirtytime_expire_interval seconds in the past , it ' s
* possible for the worst case time between when an inode has its
* timestamps updated and when they finally get written out to be two
* dirtytime_expire_intervals . We set the default to 12 hours ( in
* seconds ) , which means most of the time inodes will have their
* timestamps written to disk after 12 hours , but in the worst case a
* few inodes might not their timestamps updated for 24 hours .
*/
static unsigned int dirtytime_expire_interval = 12 * 60 * 60 ;
static inline struct inode *wb_inode(struct list_head *head)
{
return list_entry(head, struct inode, i_io_list);
}
/*
* Include the creation of the trace points after defining the
* wb_writeback_work structure and inline functions so that the definition
* remains local to this file .
*/
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/writeback.h>
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_writepage);
static bool wb_io_lists_populated(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb)) {
return false ;
} else {
set_bit(WB_has_dirty_io, &wb->state);
WARN_ON_ONCE(!wb->avg_write_bandwidth);
atomic_long_add(wb->avg_write_bandwidth,
&wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth);
return true ;
}
}
static void wb_io_lists_depopulated(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb) && list_empty(&wb->b_dirty) &&
list_empty(&wb->b_io) && list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) {
clear_bit(WB_has_dirty_io, &wb->state);
WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_long_sub_return(wb->avg_write_bandwidth,
&wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth) < 0 );
}
}
/**
* inode_io_list_move_locked - move an inode onto a bdi_writeback IO list
* @ inode : inode to be moved
* @ wb : target bdi_writeback
* @ head : one of @ wb - > b_ { dirty | io | more_io | dirty_time }
*
* Move @ inode - > i_io_list to @ list of @ wb and set % WB_has_dirty_io .
* Returns % true if @ inode is the first occupant of the ! dirty_time IO
* lists ; otherwise , % false .
*/
static bool inode_io_list_move_locked(struct inode *inode,
struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct list_head *head)
{
assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_state & I_FREEING);
list_move(&inode->i_io_list, head);
/* dirty_time doesn't count as dirty_io until expiration */
if (head != &wb->b_dirty_time)
return wb_io_lists_populated(wb);
wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb);
return false ;
}
static void wb_wakeup(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
spin_lock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
if (test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state))
mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0 );
spin_unlock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
}
/*
* This function is used when the first inode for this wb is marked dirty . It
* wakes - up the corresponding bdi thread which should then take care of the
* periodic background write - out of dirty inodes . Since the write - out would
* starts only ' dirty_writeback_interval ' centisecs from now anyway , we just
* set up a timer which wakes the bdi thread up later .
*
* Note , we wouldn ' t bother setting up the timer , but this function is on the
* fast - path ( used by ' _ _ mark_inode_dirty ( ) ' ) , so we save few context switches
* by delaying the wake - up .
*
* We have to be careful not to postpone flush work if it is scheduled for
* earlier . Thus we use queue_delayed_work ( ) .
*/
static void wb_wakeup_delayed(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
unsigned long timeout;
timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10 );
spin_lock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
if (test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state))
queue_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, timeout);
spin_unlock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
}
static void finish_writeback_work(struct wb_writeback_work *work)
{
struct wb_completion *done = work->done;
if (work->auto_free)
kfree(work);
if (done) {
wait_queue_head_t *waitq = done->waitq;
/* @done can't be accessed after the following dec */
if (atomic_dec_and_test(&done->cnt))
wake_up_all(waitq);
}
}
static void wb_queue_work(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct wb_writeback_work *work)
{
trace_writeback_queue(wb, work);
if (work->done)
atomic_inc(&work->done->cnt);
spin_lock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
if (test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state)) {
list_add_tail(&work->list, &wb->work_list);
mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0 );
} else
finish_writeback_work(work);
spin_unlock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
}
/**
* wb_wait_for_completion - wait for completion of bdi_writeback_works
* @ done : target wb_completion
*
* Wait for one or more work items issued to @ bdi with their - > done field
* set to @ done , which should have been initialized with
* DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION ( ) . This function returns after all such work items
* are completed . Work items which are waited upon aren ' t freed
* automatically on completion .
*/
void wb_wait_for_completion(struct wb_completion *done)
{
atomic_dec(&done->cnt); /* put down the initial count */
wait_event(*done->waitq, !atomic_read(&done->cnt));
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
/*
* Parameters for foreign inode detection , see wbc_detach_inode ( ) to see
* how they ' re used .
*
* These paramters are inherently heuristical as the detection target
* itself is fuzzy . All we want to do is detaching an inode from the
* current owner if it ' s being written to by some other cgroups too much .
*
* The current cgroup writeback is built on the assumption that multiple
* cgroups writing to the same inode concurrently is very rare and a mode
* of operation which isn ' t well supported . As such , the goal is not
* taking too long when a different cgroup takes over an inode while
* avoiding too aggressive flip - flops from occasional foreign writes .
*
* We record , very roughly , 2 s worth of IO time history and if more than
* half of that is foreign , trigger the switch . The recording is quantized
* to 16 slots . To avoid tiny writes from swinging the decision too much ,
* writes smaller than 1 / 8 of avg size are ignored .
*/
#define WB_FRN_TIME_SHIFT 13 /* 1s = 2^13, upto 8 secs w/ 16bit */
#define WB_FRN_TIME_AVG_SHIFT 3 /* avg = avg * 7/8 + new * 1/8 */
#define WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV 8 /* ignore rounds < avg / 8 */
#define WB_FRN_TIME_PERIOD (2 * (1 << WB_FRN_TIME_SHIFT)) /* 2s */
#define WB_FRN_HIST_SLOTS 16 /* inode->i_wb_frn_history is 16bit */
#define WB_FRN_HIST_UNIT (WB_FRN_TIME_PERIOD / WB_FRN_HIST_SLOTS)
/* each slot's duration is 2s / 16 */
#define WB_FRN_HIST_THR_SLOTS (WB_FRN_HIST_SLOTS / 2 )
/* if foreign slots >= 8, switch */
#define WB_FRN_HIST_MAX_SLOTS (WB_FRN_HIST_THR_SLOTS / 2 + 1 )
/* one round can affect upto 5 slots */
#define WB_FRN_MAX_IN_FLIGHT 1024 /* don't queue too many concurrently */
/*
* Maximum inodes per isw . A specific value has been chosen to make
* struct inode_switch_wbs_context fit into 1024 bytes kmalloc .
*/
#define WB_MAX_INODES_PER_ISW ((1024 UL - sizeof (struct inode_switch_wbs_context)) \
/ sizeof (struct inode *))
static atomic_t isw_nr_in_flight = ATOMIC_INIT(0 );
static struct workqueue_struct *isw_wq;
void __inode_attach_wb(struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
struct bdi_writeback *wb = NULL;
if (inode_cgwb_enabled(inode)) {
struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css;
if (folio) {
memcg_css = mem_cgroup_css_from_folio(folio);
wb = wb_get_create(bdi, memcg_css, GFP_ATOMIC);
} else {
/* must pin memcg_css, see wb_get_create() */
memcg_css = task_get_css(current, memory_cgrp_id);
wb = wb_get_create(bdi, memcg_css, GFP_ATOMIC);
css_put(memcg_css);
}
}
if (!wb)
wb = &bdi->wb;
/*
* There may be multiple instances of this function racing to
* update the same inode . Use cmpxchg ( ) to tell the winner .
*/
if (unlikely(cmpxchg(&inode->i_wb, NULL, wb)))
wb_put(wb);
}
/**
* inode_cgwb_move_to_attached - put the inode onto wb - > b_attached list
* @ inode : inode of interest with i_lock held
* @ wb : target bdi_writeback
*
* Remove the inode from wb ' s io lists and if necessarily put onto b_attached
* list . Only inodes attached to cgwb ' s are kept on this list .
*/
static void inode_cgwb_move_to_attached(struct inode *inode,
struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_state & I_FREEING);
inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED;
if (wb != &wb->bdi->wb)
list_move(&inode->i_io_list, &wb->b_attached);
else
list_del_init(&inode->i_io_list);
wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb);
}
/**
* locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list - determine a locked inode ' s wb and lock it
* @ inode : inode of interest with i_lock held
*
* Returns @ inode ' s wb with its list_lock held . @ inode - > i_lock must be
* held on entry and is released on return . The returned wb is guaranteed
* to stay @ inode ' s associated wb until its list_lock is released .
*/
static struct bdi_writeback *
locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode)
__releases(&inode->i_lock)
__acquires(&wb->list_lock)
{
while (true ) {
struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode);
/*
* inode_to_wb ( ) association is protected by both
* @ inode - > i_lock and @ wb - > list_lock but list_lock nests
* outside i_lock . Drop i_lock and verify that the
* association hasn ' t changed after acquiring list_lock .
*/
wb_get(wb);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
/* i_wb may have changed inbetween, can't use inode_to_wb() */
if (likely(wb == inode->i_wb)) {
wb_put(wb); /* @inode already has ref */
return wb;
}
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
wb_put(wb);
cpu_relax();
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
}
}
/**
* inode_to_wb_and_lock_list - determine an inode ' s wb and lock it
* @ inode : inode of interest
*
* Same as locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list ( ) but @ inode - > i_lock isn ' t held
* on entry .
*/
static struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode)
__acquires(&wb->list_lock)
{
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
return locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode);
}
struct inode_switch_wbs_context {
struct rcu_work work;
/*
* Multiple inodes can be switched at once . The switching procedure
* consists of two parts , separated by a RCU grace period . To make
* sure that the second part is executed for each inode gone through
* the first part , all inode pointers are placed into a NULL - terminated
* array embedded into struct inode_switch_wbs_context . Otherwise
* an inode could be left in a non - consistent state .
*/
struct bdi_writeback *new_wb;
struct inode *inodes[];
};
static void bdi_down_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
{
down_write(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem);
}
static void bdi_up_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
{
up_write(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem);
}
static bool inode_do_switch_wbs(struct inode *inode,
struct bdi_writeback *old_wb,
struct bdi_writeback *new_wb)
{
struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, 0 );
struct folio *folio;
bool switched = false ;
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
xa_lock_irq(&mapping->i_pages);
/*
* Once I_FREEING or I_WILL_FREE are visible under i_lock , the eviction
* path owns the inode and we shouldn ' t modify - > i_io_list .
*/
if (unlikely(inode->i_state & (I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE)))
goto skip_switch;
trace_inode_switch_wbs(inode, old_wb, new_wb);
/*
* Count and transfer stats . Note that PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY points
* to possibly dirty folios while PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK points to
* folios actually under writeback .
*/
xas_for_each_marked(&xas, folio, ULONG_MAX, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY) {
if (folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
long nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
wb_stat_mod(old_wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE, -nr);
wb_stat_mod(new_wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE, nr);
}
}
xas_set(&xas, 0 );
xas_for_each_marked(&xas, folio, ULONG_MAX, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK) {
long nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_writeback(folio));
wb_stat_mod(old_wb, WB_WRITEBACK, -nr);
wb_stat_mod(new_wb, WB_WRITEBACK, nr);
}
if (mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK)) {
atomic_dec(&old_wb->writeback_inodes);
atomic_inc(&new_wb->writeback_inodes);
}
wb_get(new_wb);
/*
* Transfer to @ new_wb ' s IO list if necessary . If the @ inode is dirty ,
* the specific list @ inode was on is ignored and the @ inode is put on
* - > b_dirty which is always correct including from - > b_dirty_time .
* If the @ inode was clean , it means it was on the b_attached list , so
* move it onto the b_attached list of @ new_wb .
*/
if (!list_empty(&inode->i_io_list)) {
inode->i_wb = new_wb;
if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL) {
/*
* We need to keep b_dirty list sorted by
* dirtied_time_when . However properly sorting the
* inode in the list gets too expensive when switching
* many inodes . So just attach inode at the end of the
* dirty list and clobber the dirtied_time_when .
*/
inode->dirtied_time_when = jiffies;
inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, new_wb,
&new_wb->b_dirty);
} else {
inode_cgwb_move_to_attached(inode, new_wb);
}
} else {
inode->i_wb = new_wb;
}
/* ->i_wb_frn updates may race wbc_detach_inode() but doesn't matter */
inode->i_wb_frn_winner = 0 ;
inode->i_wb_frn_avg_time = 0 ;
inode->i_wb_frn_history = 0 ;
switched = true ;
skip_switch:
/*
* Paired with load_acquire in unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin ( ) and
* ensures that the new wb is visible if they see ! I_WB_SWITCH .
*/
smp_store_release(&inode->i_state, inode->i_state & ~I_WB_SWITCH);
xa_unlock_irq(&mapping->i_pages);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
return switched;
}
static void inode_switch_wbs_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw =
container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct inode_switch_wbs_context, work);
struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(isw->inodes[0 ]);
struct bdi_writeback *old_wb = isw->inodes[0 ]->i_wb;
struct bdi_writeback *new_wb = isw->new_wb;
unsigned long nr_switched = 0 ;
struct inode **inodep;
/*
* If @ inode switches cgwb membership while sync_inodes_sb ( ) is
* being issued , sync_inodes_sb ( ) might miss it . Synchronize .
*/
down_read(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem);
inodep = isw->inodes;
/*
* By the time control reaches here , RCU grace period has passed
* since I_WB_SWITCH assertion and all wb stat update transactions
* between unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin / end ( ) are guaranteed to be
* synchronizing against the i_pages lock .
*
* Grabbing old_wb - > list_lock , inode - > i_lock and the i_pages lock
* gives us exclusion against all wb related operations on @ inode
* including IO list manipulations and stat updates .
*/
relock:
if (old_wb < new_wb) {
spin_lock(&old_wb->list_lock);
spin_lock_nested(&new_wb->list_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
} else {
spin_lock(&new_wb->list_lock);
spin_lock_nested(&old_wb->list_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
}
while (*inodep) {
WARN_ON_ONCE((*inodep)->i_wb != old_wb);
if (inode_do_switch_wbs(*inodep, old_wb, new_wb))
nr_switched++;
inodep++;
if (*inodep && need_resched()) {
spin_unlock(&new_wb->list_lock);
spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock);
cond_resched();
goto relock;
}
}
spin_unlock(&new_wb->list_lock);
spin_unlock(&old_wb->list_lock);
up_read(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem);
if (nr_switched) {
wb_wakeup(new_wb);
wb_put_many(old_wb, nr_switched);
}
for (inodep = isw->inodes; *inodep; inodep++)
iput(*inodep);
wb_put(new_wb);
kfree(isw);
atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight);
}
static bool inode_prepare_wbs_switch(struct inode *inode,
struct bdi_writeback *new_wb)
{
/*
* Paired with smp_mb ( ) in cgroup_writeback_umount ( ) .
* isw_nr_in_flight must be increased before checking SB_ACTIVE and
* grabbing an inode , otherwise isw_nr_in_flight can be observed as 0
* in cgroup_writeback_umount ( ) and the isw_wq will be not flushed .
*/
smp_mb();
if (IS_DAX(inode))
return false ;
/* while holding I_WB_SWITCH, no one else can update the association */
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if (!(inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE) ||
inode->i_state & (I_WB_SWITCH | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE) ||
inode_to_wb(inode) == new_wb) {
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
return false ;
}
inode->i_state |= I_WB_SWITCH;
__iget(inode);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
return true ;
}
/**
* inode_switch_wbs - change the wb association of an inode
* @ inode : target inode
* @ new_wb_id : ID of the new wb
*
* Switch @ inode ' s wb association to the wb identified by @ new_wb_id . The
* switching is performed asynchronously and may fail silently .
*/
static void inode_switch_wbs(struct inode *inode, int new_wb_id)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css;
struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw;
/* noop if seems to be already in progress */
if (inode->i_state & I_WB_SWITCH)
return ;
/* avoid queueing a new switch if too many are already in flight */
if (atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight) > WB_FRN_MAX_IN_FLIGHT)
return ;
isw = kzalloc(struct_size(isw, inodes, 2 ), GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!isw)
return ;
atomic_inc(&isw_nr_in_flight);
/* find and pin the new wb */
rcu_read_lock();
memcg_css = css_from_id(new_wb_id, &memory_cgrp_subsys);
if (memcg_css && !css_tryget(memcg_css))
memcg_css = NULL;
rcu_read_unlock();
if (!memcg_css)
goto out_free;
isw->new_wb = wb_get_create(bdi, memcg_css, GFP_ATOMIC);
css_put(memcg_css);
if (!isw->new_wb)
goto out_free;
if (!inode_prepare_wbs_switch(inode, isw->new_wb))
goto out_free;
isw->inodes[0 ] = inode;
/*
* In addition to synchronizing among switchers , I_WB_SWITCH tells
* the RCU protected stat update paths to grab the i_page
* lock so that stat transfer can synchronize against them .
* Let ' s continue after I_WB_SWITCH is guaranteed to be visible .
*/
INIT_RCU_WORK(&isw->work, inode_switch_wbs_work_fn);
queue_rcu_work(isw_wq, &isw->work);
return ;
out_free:
atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight);
if (isw->new_wb)
wb_put(isw->new_wb);
kfree(isw);
}
static bool isw_prepare_wbs_switch(struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw,
struct list_head *list, int *nr)
{
struct inode *inode;
list_for_each_entry(inode, list, i_io_list) {
if (!inode_prepare_wbs_switch(inode, isw->new_wb))
continue ;
isw->inodes[*nr] = inode;
(*nr)++;
if (*nr >= WB_MAX_INODES_PER_ISW - 1 )
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
/**
* cleanup_offline_cgwb - detach associated inodes
* @ wb : target wb
*
* Switch all inodes attached to @ wb to a nearest living ancestor ' s wb in order
* to eventually release the dying @ wb . Returns % true if not all inodes were
* switched and the function has to be restarted .
*/
bool cleanup_offline_cgwb(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css;
struct inode_switch_wbs_context *isw;
int nr;
bool restart = false ;
isw = kzalloc(struct_size(isw, inodes, WB_MAX_INODES_PER_ISW),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!isw)
return restart;
atomic_inc(&isw_nr_in_flight);
for (memcg_css = wb->memcg_css->parent; memcg_css;
memcg_css = memcg_css->parent) {
isw->new_wb = wb_get_create(wb->bdi, memcg_css, GFP_KERNEL);
if (isw->new_wb)
break ;
}
if (unlikely(!isw->new_wb))
isw->new_wb = &wb->bdi->wb; /* wb_get() is noop for bdi's wb */
nr = 0 ;
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
/*
* In addition to the inodes that have completed writeback , also switch
* cgwbs for those inodes only with dirty timestamps . Otherwise , those
* inodes won ' t be written back for a long time when lazytime is
* enabled , and thus pinning the dying cgwbs . It won ' t break the
* bandwidth restrictions , as writeback of inode metadata is not
* accounted for .
*/
restart = isw_prepare_wbs_switch(isw, &wb->b_attached, &nr);
if (!restart)
restart = isw_prepare_wbs_switch(isw, &wb->b_dirty_time, &nr);
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
/* no attached inodes? bail out */
if (nr == 0 ) {
atomic_dec(&isw_nr_in_flight);
wb_put(isw->new_wb);
kfree(isw);
return restart;
}
/*
* In addition to synchronizing among switchers , I_WB_SWITCH tells
* the RCU protected stat update paths to grab the i_page
* lock so that stat transfer can synchronize against them .
* Let ' s continue after I_WB_SWITCH is guaranteed to be visible .
*/
INIT_RCU_WORK(&isw->work, inode_switch_wbs_work_fn);
queue_rcu_work(isw_wq, &isw->work);
return restart;
}
/**
* wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode - associate wbc with target inode and unlock it
* @ wbc : writeback_control of interest
* @ inode : target inode
*
* @ inode is locked and about to be written back under the control of @ wbc .
* Record @ inode ' s writeback context into @ wbc and unlock the i_lock . On
* writeback completion , wbc_detach_inode ( ) should be called . This is used
* to track the cgroup writeback context .
*/
static void wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc,
struct inode *inode)
__releases(&inode->i_lock)
{
if (!inode_cgwb_enabled(inode)) {
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
return ;
}
wbc->wb = inode_to_wb(inode);
wbc->inode = inode;
wbc->wb_id = wbc->wb->memcg_css->id;
wbc->wb_lcand_id = inode->i_wb_frn_winner;
wbc->wb_tcand_id = 0 ;
wbc->wb_bytes = 0 ;
wbc->wb_lcand_bytes = 0 ;
wbc->wb_tcand_bytes = 0 ;
wb_get(wbc->wb);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
/*
* A dying wb indicates that either the blkcg associated with the
* memcg changed or the associated memcg is dying . In the first
* case , a replacement wb should already be available and we should
* refresh the wb immediately . In the second case , trying to
* refresh will keep failing .
*/
if (unlikely(wb_dying(wbc->wb) && !css_is_dying(wbc->wb->memcg_css)))
inode_switch_wbs(inode, wbc->wb_id);
}
/**
* wbc_attach_fdatawrite_inode - associate wbc and inode for fdatawrite
* @ wbc : writeback_control of interest
* @ inode : target inode
*
* This function is to be used by _ _ filemap_fdatawrite_range ( ) , which is an
* alternative entry point into writeback code , and first ensures @ inode is
* associated with a bdi_writeback and attaches it to @ wbc .
*/
void wbc_attach_fdatawrite_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc,
struct inode *inode)
{
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
inode_attach_wb(inode, NULL);
wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(wbc, inode);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_attach_fdatawrite_inode);
/**
* wbc_detach_inode - disassociate wbc from inode and perform foreign detection
* @ wbc : writeback_control of the just finished writeback
*
* To be called after a writeback attempt of an inode finishes and undoes
* wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode ( ) . Can be called under any context .
*
* As concurrent write sharing of an inode is expected to be very rare and
* memcg only tracks page ownership on first - use basis severely confining
* the usefulness of such sharing , cgroup writeback tracks ownership
* per - inode . While the support for concurrent write sharing of an inode
* is deemed unnecessary , an inode being written to by different cgroups at
* different points in time is a lot more common , and , more importantly ,
* charging only by first - use can too readily lead to grossly incorrect
* behaviors ( single foreign page can lead to gigabytes of writeback to be
* incorrectly attributed ) .
*
* To resolve this issue , cgroup writeback detects the majority dirtier of
* an inode and transfers the ownership to it . To avoid unnecessary
* oscillation , the detection mechanism keeps track of history and gives
* out the switch verdict only if the foreign usage pattern is stable over
* a certain amount of time and / or writeback attempts .
*
* On each writeback attempt , @ wbc tries to detect the majority writer
* using Boyer - Moore majority vote algorithm . In addition to the byte
* count from the majority voting , it also counts the bytes written for the
* current wb and the last round ' s winner wb ( max of last round ' s current
* wb , the winner from two rounds ago , and the last round ' s majority
* candidate ) . Keeping track of the historical winner helps the algorithm
* to semi - reliably detect the most active writer even when it ' s not the
* absolute majority .
*
* Once the winner of the round is determined , whether the winner is
* foreign or not and how much IO time the round consumed is recorded in
* inode - > i_wb_frn_history . If the amount of recorded foreign IO time is
* over a certain threshold , the switch verdict is given .
*/
void wbc_detach_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb = wbc->wb;
struct inode *inode = wbc->inode;
unsigned long avg_time, max_bytes, max_time;
u16 history;
int max_id;
if (!wb)
return ;
history = inode->i_wb_frn_history;
avg_time = inode->i_wb_frn_avg_time;
/* pick the winner of this round */
if (wbc->wb_bytes >= wbc->wb_lcand_bytes &&
wbc->wb_bytes >= wbc->wb_tcand_bytes) {
max_id = wbc->wb_id;
max_bytes = wbc->wb_bytes;
} else if (wbc->wb_lcand_bytes >= wbc->wb_tcand_bytes) {
max_id = wbc->wb_lcand_id;
max_bytes = wbc->wb_lcand_bytes;
} else {
max_id = wbc->wb_tcand_id;
max_bytes = wbc->wb_tcand_bytes;
}
/*
* Calculate the amount of IO time the winner consumed and fold it
* into the running average kept per inode . If the consumed IO
* time is lower than avag / WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV , ignore it for
* deciding whether to switch or not . This is to prevent one - off
* small dirtiers from skewing the verdict .
*/
max_time = DIV_ROUND_UP((max_bytes >> PAGE_SHIFT) << WB_FRN_TIME_SHIFT,
wb->avg_write_bandwidth);
if (avg_time)
avg_time += (max_time >> WB_FRN_TIME_AVG_SHIFT) -
(avg_time >> WB_FRN_TIME_AVG_SHIFT);
else
avg_time = max_time; /* immediate catch up on first run */
if (max_time >= avg_time / WB_FRN_TIME_CUT_DIV) {
int slots;
/*
* The switch verdict is reached if foreign wb ' s consume
* more than a certain proportion of IO time in a
* WB_FRN_TIME_PERIOD . This is loosely tracked by 16 slot
* history mask where each bit represents one sixteenth of
* the period . Determine the number of slots to shift into
* history from @ max_time .
*/
slots = min(DIV_ROUND_UP(max_time, WB_FRN_HIST_UNIT),
(unsigned long )WB_FRN_HIST_MAX_SLOTS);
history <<= slots;
if (wbc->wb_id != max_id)
history |= (1 U << slots) - 1 ;
if (history)
trace_inode_foreign_history(inode, wbc, history);
/*
* Switch if the current wb isn ' t the consistent winner .
* If there are multiple closely competing dirtiers , the
* inode may switch across them repeatedly over time , which
* is okay . The main goal is avoiding keeping an inode on
* the wrong wb for an extended period of time .
*/
if (hweight16(history) > WB_FRN_HIST_THR_SLOTS)
inode_switch_wbs(inode, max_id);
}
/*
* Multiple instances of this function may race to update the
* following fields but we don ' t mind occassional inaccuracies .
*/
inode->i_wb_frn_winner = max_id;
inode->i_wb_frn_avg_time = min(avg_time, (unsigned long )U16_MAX);
inode->i_wb_frn_history = history;
wb_put(wbc->wb);
wbc->wb = NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_detach_inode);
/**
* wbc_account_cgroup_owner - account writeback to update inode cgroup ownership
* @ wbc : writeback_control of the writeback in progress
* @ folio : folio being written out
* @ bytes : number of bytes being written out
*
* @ bytes from @ folio are about to written out during the writeback
* controlled by @ wbc . Keep the book for foreign inode detection . See
* wbc_detach_inode ( ) .
*/
void wbc_account_cgroup_owner(struct writeback_control *wbc, struct folio *folio,
size_t bytes)
{
struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
int id;
/*
* pageout ( ) path doesn ' t attach @ wbc to the inode being written
* out . This is intentional as we don ' t want the function to block
* behind a slow cgroup . Ultimately , we want pageout ( ) to kick off
* regular writeback instead of writing things out itself .
*/
if (!wbc->wb || wbc->no_cgroup_owner)
return ;
css = mem_cgroup_css_from_folio(folio);
/* dead cgroups shouldn't contribute to inode ownership arbitration */
if (!(css->flags & CSS_ONLINE))
return ;
id = css->id;
if (id == wbc->wb_id) {
wbc->wb_bytes += bytes;
return ;
}
if (id == wbc->wb_lcand_id)
wbc->wb_lcand_bytes += bytes;
/* Boyer-Moore majority vote algorithm */
if (!wbc->wb_tcand_bytes)
wbc->wb_tcand_id = id;
if (id == wbc->wb_tcand_id)
wbc->wb_tcand_bytes += bytes;
else
wbc->wb_tcand_bytes -= min(bytes, wbc->wb_tcand_bytes);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wbc_account_cgroup_owner);
/**
* wb_split_bdi_pages - split nr_pages to write according to bandwidth
* @ wb : target bdi_writeback to split @ nr_pages to
* @ nr_pages : number of pages to write for the whole bdi
*
* Split @ wb ' s portion of @ nr_pages according to @ wb ' s write bandwidth in
* relation to the total write bandwidth of all wb ' s w / dirty inodes on
* @ wb - > bdi .
*/
static long wb_split_bdi_pages(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages)
{
unsigned long this_bw = wb->avg_write_bandwidth;
unsigned long tot_bw = atomic_long_read(&wb->bdi->tot_write_bandwidth);
if (nr_pages == LONG_MAX)
return LONG_MAX;
/*
* This may be called on clean wb ' s and proportional distribution
* may not make sense , just use the original @ nr_pages in those
* cases . In general , we wanna err on the side of writing more .
*/
if (!tot_bw || this_bw >= tot_bw)
return nr_pages;
else
return DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL((u64)nr_pages * this_bw, tot_bw);
}
/**
* bdi_split_work_to_wbs - split a wb_writeback_work to all wb ' s of a bdi
* @ bdi : target backing_dev_info
* @ base_work : wb_writeback_work to issue
* @ skip_if_busy : skip wb ' s which already have writeback in progress
*
* Split and issue @ base_work to all wb ' s ( bdi_writeback ' s ) of @ bdi which
* have dirty inodes . If @ base_work - > nr_page isn ' t % LONG_MAX , it ' s
* distributed to the busy wbs according to each wb ' s proportion in the
* total active write bandwidth of @ bdi .
*/
static void bdi_split_work_to_wbs(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
struct wb_writeback_work *base_work,
bool skip_if_busy)
{
struct bdi_writeback *last_wb = NULL;
struct bdi_writeback *wb = list_entry(&bdi->wb_list,
struct bdi_writeback, bdi_node);
might_sleep();
restart:
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(wb, &bdi->wb_list, bdi_node) {
DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(fallback_work_done, bdi);
struct wb_writeback_work fallback_work;
struct wb_writeback_work *work;
long nr_pages;
if (last_wb) {
wb_put(last_wb);
last_wb = NULL;
}
/* SYNC_ALL writes out I_DIRTY_TIME too */
if (!wb_has_dirty_io(wb) &&
(base_work->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE ||
list_empty(&wb->b_dirty_time)))
continue ;
if (skip_if_busy && writeback_in_progress(wb))
continue ;
nr_pages = wb_split_bdi_pages(wb, base_work->nr_pages);
work = kmalloc(sizeof (*work), GFP_ATOMIC);
if (work) {
*work = *base_work;
work->nr_pages = nr_pages;
work->auto_free = 1 ;
wb_queue_work(wb, work);
continue ;
}
/*
* If wb_tryget fails , the wb has been shutdown , skip it .
*
* Pin @ wb so that it stays on @ bdi - > wb_list . This allows
* continuing iteration from @ wb after dropping and
* regrabbing rcu read lock .
*/
if (!wb_tryget(wb))
continue ;
/* alloc failed, execute synchronously using on-stack fallback */
work = &fallback_work;
*work = *base_work;
work->nr_pages = nr_pages;
work->auto_free = 0 ;
work->done = &fallback_work_done;
wb_queue_work(wb, work);
last_wb = wb;
rcu_read_unlock();
wb_wait_for_completion(&fallback_work_done);
goto restart;
}
rcu_read_unlock();
if (last_wb)
wb_put(last_wb);
}
/**
* cgroup_writeback_by_id - initiate cgroup writeback from bdi and memcg IDs
* @ bdi_id : target bdi id
* @ memcg_id : target memcg css id
* @ reason : reason why some writeback work initiated
* @ done : target wb_completion
*
* Initiate flush of the bdi_writeback identified by @ bdi_id and @ memcg_id
* with the specified parameters .
*/
int cgroup_writeback_by_id(u64 bdi_id, int memcg_id,
enum wb_reason reason, struct wb_completion *done)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css;
struct bdi_writeback *wb;
struct wb_writeback_work *work;
unsigned long dirty;
int ret;
/* lookup bdi and memcg */
bdi = bdi_get_by_id(bdi_id);
if (!bdi)
return -ENOENT;
rcu_read_lock();
memcg_css = css_from_id(memcg_id, &memory_cgrp_subsys);
if (memcg_css && !css_tryget(memcg_css))
memcg_css = NULL;
rcu_read_unlock();
if (!memcg_css) {
ret = -ENOENT;
goto out_bdi_put;
}
/*
* And find the associated wb . If the wb isn ' t there already
* there ' s nothing to flush , don ' t create one .
*/
wb = wb_get_lookup(bdi, memcg_css);
if (!wb) {
ret = -ENOENT;
goto out_css_put;
}
/*
* The caller is attempting to write out most of
* the currently dirty pages . Let ' s take the current dirty page
* count and inflate it by 25 % which should be large enough to
* flush out most dirty pages while avoiding getting livelocked by
* concurrent dirtiers .
*
* BTW the memcg stats are flushed periodically and this is best - effort
* estimation , so some potential error is ok .
*/
dirty = memcg_page_state(mem_cgroup_from_css(memcg_css), NR_FILE_DIRTY);
dirty = dirty * 10 / 8 ;
/* issue the writeback work */
work = kzalloc(sizeof (*work), GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN);
if (work) {
work->nr_pages = dirty;
work->sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE;
work->range_cyclic = 1 ;
work->reason = reason;
work->done = done;
work->auto_free = 1 ;
wb_queue_work(wb, work);
ret = 0 ;
} else {
ret = -ENOMEM;
}
wb_put(wb);
out_css_put:
css_put(memcg_css);
out_bdi_put:
bdi_put(bdi);
return ret;
}
/**
* cgroup_writeback_umount - flush inode wb switches for umount
* @ sb : target super_block
*
* This function is called when a super_block is about to be destroyed and
* flushes in - flight inode wb switches . An inode wb switch goes through
* RCU and then workqueue , so the two need to be flushed in order to ensure
* that all previously scheduled switches are finished . As wb switches are
* rare occurrences and synchronize_rcu ( ) can take a while , perform
* flushing iff wb switches are in flight .
*/
void cgroup_writeback_umount(struct super_block *sb)
{
if (!(sb->s_bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK))
return ;
/*
* SB_ACTIVE should be reliably cleared before checking
* isw_nr_in_flight , see generic_shutdown_super ( ) .
*/
smp_mb();
if (atomic_read(&isw_nr_in_flight)) {
/*
* Use rcu_barrier ( ) to wait for all pending callbacks to
* ensure that all in - flight wb switches are in the workqueue .
*/
rcu_barrier();
flush_workqueue(isw_wq);
}
}
static int __init cgroup_writeback_init(void )
{
isw_wq = alloc_workqueue("inode_switch_wbs" , 0 , 0 );
if (!isw_wq)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0 ;
}
fs_initcall(cgroup_writeback_init);
#else /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
static void bdi_down_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) { }
static void bdi_up_write_wb_switch_rwsem(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) { }
static void inode_cgwb_move_to_attached(struct inode *inode,
struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
WARN_ON_ONCE(inode->i_state & I_FREEING);
inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED;
list_del_init(&inode->i_io_list);
wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb);
}
static struct bdi_writeback *
locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode)
__releases(&inode->i_lock)
__acquires(&wb->list_lock)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
return wb;
}
static struct bdi_writeback *inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(struct inode *inode)
__acquires(&wb->list_lock)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb = inode_to_wb(inode);
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
return wb;
}
static long wb_split_bdi_pages(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages)
{
return nr_pages;
}
static void bdi_split_work_to_wbs(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
struct wb_writeback_work *base_work,
bool skip_if_busy)
{
might_sleep();
if (!skip_if_busy || !writeback_in_progress(&bdi->wb)) {
base_work->auto_free = 0 ;
wb_queue_work(&bdi->wb, base_work);
}
}
static inline void wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(struct writeback_control *wbc,
struct inode *inode)
__releases(&inode->i_lock)
{
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
/*
* Add in the number of potentially dirty inodes , because each inode
* write can dirty pagecache in the underlying blockdev .
*/
static unsigned long get_nr_dirty_pages(void )
{
return global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
get_nr_dirty_inodes();
}
static void wb_start_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb, enum wb_reason reason)
{
if (!wb_has_dirty_io(wb))
return ;
/*
* All callers of this function want to start writeback of all
* dirty pages . Places like vmscan can call this at a very
* high frequency , causing pointless allocations of tons of
* work items and keeping the flusher threads busy retrieving
* that work . Ensure that we only allow one of them pending and
* inflight at the time .
*/
if (test_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state) ||
test_and_set_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state))
return ;
wb->start_all_reason = reason;
wb_wakeup(wb);
}
/**
* wb_start_background_writeback - start background writeback
* @ wb : bdi_writback to write from
*
* Description :
* This makes sure WB_SYNC_NONE background writeback happens . When
* this function returns , it is only guaranteed that for given wb
* some IO is happening if we are over background dirty threshold .
* Caller need not hold sb s_umount semaphore .
*/
void wb_start_background_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
/*
* We just wake up the flusher thread . It will perform background
* writeback as soon as there is no other work to do .
*/
trace_writeback_wake_background(wb);
wb_wakeup(wb);
}
/*
* Remove the inode from the writeback list it is on .
*/
void inode_io_list_del(struct inode *inode)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb;
wb = inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode);
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED;
list_del_init(&inode->i_io_list);
wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_io_list_del);
/*
* mark an inode as under writeback on the sb
*/
void sb_mark_inode_writeback(struct inode *inode)
{
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
unsigned long flags;
if (list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags);
if (list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) {
list_add_tail(&inode->i_wb_list, &sb->s_inodes_wb);
trace_sb_mark_inode_writeback(inode);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags);
}
}
/*
* clear an inode as under writeback on the sb
*/
void sb_clear_inode_writeback(struct inode *inode)
{
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
unsigned long flags;
if (!list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags);
if (!list_empty(&inode->i_wb_list)) {
list_del_init(&inode->i_wb_list);
trace_sb_clear_inode_writeback(inode);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock, flags);
}
}
/*
* Redirty an inode : set its when - it - was dirtied timestamp and move it to the
* furthest end of its superblock ' s dirty - inode list .
*
* Before stamping the inode ' s - > dirtied_when , we check to see whether it is
* already the most - recently - dirtied inode on the b_dirty list . If that is
* the case then the inode must have been redirtied while it was being written
* out and we don ' t reset its dirtied_when .
*/
static void redirty_tail_locked(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED;
/*
* When the inode is being freed just don ' t bother with dirty list
* tracking . Flush worker will ignore this inode anyway and it will
* trigger assertions in inode_io_list_move_locked ( ) .
*/
if (inode->i_state & I_FREEING) {
list_del_init(&inode->i_io_list);
wb_io_lists_depopulated(wb);
return ;
}
if (!list_empty(&wb->b_dirty)) {
struct inode *tail;
tail = wb_inode(wb->b_dirty.next);
if (time_before(inode->dirtied_when, tail->dirtied_when))
inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
}
inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, &wb->b_dirty);
}
static void redirty_tail(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
}
/*
* requeue inode for re - scanning after bdi - > b_io list is exhausted .
*/
static void requeue_io(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, &wb->b_more_io);
}
static void inode_sync_complete(struct inode *inode)
{
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC;
/* If inode is clean an unused, put it into LRU now... */
inode_add_lru(inode);
/* Called with inode->i_lock which ensures memory ordering. */
inode_wake_up_bit(inode, __I_SYNC);
}
static bool inode_dirtied_after(struct inode *inode, unsigned long t)
{
bool ret = time_after(inode->dirtied_when, t);
#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
/*
* For inodes being constantly redirtied , dirtied_when can get stuck .
* It _ appears_ to be in the future , but is actually in distant past .
* This test is necessary to prevent such wrapped - around relative times
* from permanently stopping the whole bdi writeback .
*/
ret = ret && time_before_eq(inode->dirtied_when, jiffies);
#endif
return ret;
}
/*
* Move expired ( dirtied before dirtied_before ) dirty inodes from
* @ delaying_queue to @ dispatch_queue .
*/
static int move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue,
struct list_head *dispatch_queue,
unsigned long dirtied_before)
{
LIST_HEAD(tmp);
struct list_head *pos, *node;
struct super_block *sb = NULL;
struct inode *inode;
int do_sb_sort = 0 ;
int moved = 0 ;
while (!list_empty(delaying_queue)) {
inode = wb_inode(delaying_queue->prev);
if (inode_dirtied_after(inode, dirtied_before))
break ;
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
list_move(&inode->i_io_list, &tmp);
moved++;
inode->i_state |= I_SYNC_QUEUED;
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
if (sb_is_blkdev_sb(inode->i_sb))
continue ;
if (sb && sb != inode->i_sb)
do_sb_sort = 1 ;
sb = inode->i_sb;
}
/* just one sb in list, splice to dispatch_queue and we're done */
if (!do_sb_sort) {
list_splice(&tmp, dispatch_queue);
goto out;
}
/*
* Although inode ' s i_io_list is moved from ' tmp ' to ' dispatch_queue ' ,
* we don ' t take inode - > i_lock here because it is just a pointless overhead .
* Inode is already marked as I_SYNC_QUEUED so writeback list handling is
* fully under our control .
*/
while (!list_empty(&tmp)) {
sb = wb_inode(tmp.prev)->i_sb;
list_for_each_prev_safe(pos, node, &tmp) {
inode = wb_inode(pos);
if (inode->i_sb == sb)
list_move(&inode->i_io_list, dispatch_queue);
}
}
out:
return moved;
}
/*
* Queue all expired dirty inodes for io , eldest first .
* Before
* newly dirtied b_dirty b_io b_more_io
* = = = = = = = = = = = = = > gf edc BA
* After
* newly dirtied b_dirty b_io b_more_io
* = = = = = = = = = = = = = > g fBAedc
* |
* + - - > dequeue for IO
*/
static void queue_io(struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct wb_writeback_work *work,
unsigned long dirtied_before)
{
int moved;
unsigned long time_expire_jif = dirtied_before;
assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
list_splice_init(&wb->b_more_io, &wb->b_io);
moved = move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty, &wb->b_io, dirtied_before);
if (!work->for_sync)
time_expire_jif = jiffies - dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ;
moved += move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty_time, &wb->b_io,
time_expire_jif);
if (moved)
wb_io_lists_populated(wb);
trace_writeback_queue_io(wb, work, dirtied_before, moved);
}
static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
int ret;
if (inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode && !is_bad_inode(inode)) {
trace_writeback_write_inode_start(inode, wbc);
ret = inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode(inode, wbc);
trace_writeback_write_inode(inode, wbc);
return ret;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Wait for writeback on an inode to complete . Called with i_lock held .
* Caller must make sure inode cannot go away when we drop i_lock .
*/
void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode)
{
struct wait_bit_queue_entry wqe;
struct wait_queue_head *wq_head;
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
if (!(inode->i_state & I_SYNC))
return ;
wq_head = inode_bit_waitqueue(&wqe, inode, __I_SYNC);
for (;;) {
prepare_to_wait_event(wq_head, &wqe.wq_entry, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
/* Checking I_SYNC with inode->i_lock guarantees memory ordering. */
if (!(inode->i_state & I_SYNC))
break ;
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
schedule();
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
}
finish_wait(wq_head, &wqe.wq_entry);
}
/*
* Sleep until I_SYNC is cleared . This function must be called with i_lock
* held and drops it . It is aimed for callers not holding any inode reference
* so once i_lock is dropped , inode can go away .
*/
static void inode_sleep_on_writeback(struct inode *inode)
__releases(inode->i_lock)
{
struct wait_bit_queue_entry wqe;
struct wait_queue_head *wq_head;
bool sleep;
assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
wq_head = inode_bit_waitqueue(&wqe, inode, __I_SYNC);
prepare_to_wait_event(wq_head, &wqe.wq_entry, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
/* Checking I_SYNC with inode->i_lock guarantees memory ordering. */
sleep = !!(inode->i_state & I_SYNC);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
if (sleep)
schedule();
finish_wait(wq_head, &wqe.wq_entry);
}
/*
* Find proper writeback list for the inode depending on its current state and
* possibly also change of its state while we were doing writeback . Here we
* handle things such as livelock prevention or fairness of writeback among
* inodes . This function can be called only by flusher thread - noone else
* processes all inodes in writeback lists and requeueing inodes behind flusher
* thread ' s back can have unexpected consequences .
*/
static void requeue_inode(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct writeback_control *wbc,
unsigned long dirtied_before)
{
if (inode->i_state & I_FREEING)
return ;
/*
* Sync livelock prevention . Each inode is tagged and synced in one
* shot . If still dirty , it will be redirty_tail ( ) ' ed below . Update
* the dirty time to prevent enqueue and sync it again .
*/
if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) &&
(wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc->tagged_writepages))
inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
if (wbc->pages_skipped) {
/*
* Writeback is not making progress due to locked buffers .
* Skip this inode for now . Although having skipped pages
* is odd for clean inodes , it can happen for some
* filesystems so handle that gracefully .
*/
if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL)
redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb);
else
inode_cgwb_move_to_attached(inode, wb);
return ;
}
if (mapping_tagged(inode->i_mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) {
/*
* We didn ' t write back all the pages . nfs_writepages ( )
* sometimes bales out without doing anything .
*/
if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0 &&
!inode_dirtied_after(inode, dirtied_before)) {
/* Slice used up. Queue for next turn. */
requeue_io(inode, wb);
} else {
/*
* Writeback blocked by something other than
* congestion . Delay the inode for some time to
* avoid spinning on the CPU ( 100 % iowait )
* retrying writeback of the dirty page / inode
* that cannot be performed immediately .
*/
redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb);
}
} else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
/*
* Filesystems can dirty the inode during writeback operations ,
* such as delayed allocation during submission or metadata
* updates after data IO completion .
*/
redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb);
} else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) {
inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb, &wb->b_dirty_time);
inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC_QUEUED;
} else {
/* The inode is clean. Remove from writeback lists. */
inode_cgwb_move_to_attached(inode, wb);
}
}
/*
* Write out an inode and its dirty pages ( or some of its dirty pages , depending
* on @ wbc - > nr_to_write ) , and clear the relevant dirty flags from i_state .
*
* This doesn ' t remove the inode from the writeback list it is on , except
* potentially to move it from b_dirty_time to b_dirty due to timestamp
* expiration . The caller is otherwise responsible for writeback list handling .
*
* The caller is also responsible for setting the I_SYNC flag beforehand and
* calling inode_sync_complete ( ) to clear it afterwards .
*/
static int
__writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
long nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
unsigned dirty;
int ret;
WARN_ON(!(inode->i_state & I_SYNC));
trace_writeback_single_inode_start(inode, wbc, nr_to_write);
ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
/*
* Make sure to wait on the data before writing out the metadata .
* This is important for filesystems that modify metadata on data
* I / O completion . We don ' t do it for sync ( 2 ) writeback because it has a
* separate , external IO completion path and - > sync_fs for guaranteeing
* inode metadata is written back correctly .
*/
if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL && !wbc->for_sync) {
int err = filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
if (ret == 0 )
ret = err;
}
/*
* If the inode has dirty timestamps and we need to write them , call
* mark_inode_dirty_sync ( ) to notify the filesystem about it and to
* change I_DIRTY_TIME into I_DIRTY_SYNC .
*/
if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) &&
(wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL ||
time_after(jiffies, inode->dirtied_time_when +
dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ))) {
trace_writeback_lazytime(inode);
mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
}
/*
* Get and clear the dirty flags from i_state . This needs to be done
* after calling writepages because some filesystems may redirty the
* inode during writepages due to delalloc . It also needs to be done
* after handling timestamp expiration , as that may dirty the inode too .
*/
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
inode->i_state &= ~dirty;
/*
* Paired with smp_mb ( ) in _ _ mark_inode_dirty ( ) . This allows
* _ _ mark_inode_dirty ( ) to test i_state without grabbing i_lock -
* either they see the I_DIRTY bits cleared or we see the dirtied
* inode .
*
* I_DIRTY_PAGES is always cleared together above even if @ mapping
* still has dirty pages . The flag is reinstated after smp_mb ( ) if
* necessary . This guarantees that either _ _ mark_inode_dirty ( )
* sees clear I_DIRTY_PAGES or we see PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY .
*/
smp_mb();
if (mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY))
inode->i_state |= I_DIRTY_PAGES;
else if (unlikely(inode->i_state & I_PINNING_NETFS_WB)) {
if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_PAGES)) {
inode->i_state &= ~I_PINNING_NETFS_WB;
wbc->unpinned_netfs_wb = true ;
dirty |= I_PINNING_NETFS_WB; /* Cause write_inode */
}
}
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
/* Don't write the inode if only I_DIRTY_PAGES was set */
if (dirty & ~I_DIRTY_PAGES) {
int err = write_inode(inode, wbc);
if (ret == 0 )
ret = err;
}
wbc->unpinned_netfs_wb = false ;
trace_writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc, nr_to_write);
return ret;
}
/*
* Write out an inode ' s dirty data and metadata on - demand , i . e . separately from
* the regular batched writeback done by the flusher threads in
* writeback_sb_inodes ( ) . @ wbc controls various aspects of the write , such as
* whether it is a data - integrity sync ( % WB_SYNC_ALL ) or not ( % WB_SYNC_NONE ) .
*
* To prevent the inode from going away , either the caller must have a reference
* to the inode , or the inode must have I_WILL_FREE or I_FREEING set .
*/
static int writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode,
struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb;
int ret = 0 ;
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if (!atomic_read(&inode->i_count))
WARN_ON(!(inode->i_state & (I_WILL_FREE|I_FREEING)));
else
WARN_ON(inode->i_state & I_WILL_FREE);
if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) {
/*
* Writeback is already running on the inode . For WB_SYNC_NONE ,
* that ' s enough and we can just return . For WB_SYNC_ALL , we
* must wait for the existing writeback to complete , then do
* writeback again if there ' s anything left .
*/
if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL)
goto out;
inode_wait_for_writeback(inode);
}
WARN_ON(inode->i_state & I_SYNC);
/*
* If the inode is already fully clean , then there ' s nothing to do .
*
* For data - integrity syncs we also need to check whether any pages are
* still under writeback , e . g . due to prior WB_SYNC_NONE writeback . If
* there are any such pages , we ' ll need to wait for them .
*/
if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL) &&
(wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL ||
!mapping_tagged(inode->i_mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK)))
goto out;
inode->i_state |= I_SYNC;
wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(wbc, inode);
ret = __writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc);
wbc_detach_inode(wbc);
wb = inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode);
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
/*
* If the inode is freeing , its i_io_list shoudn ' t be updated
* as it can be finally deleted at this moment .
*/
if (!(inode->i_state & I_FREEING)) {
/*
* If the inode is now fully clean , then it can be safely
* removed from its writeback list ( if any ) . Otherwise the
* flusher threads are responsible for the writeback lists .
*/
if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL))
inode_cgwb_move_to_attached(inode, wb);
else if (!(inode->i_state & I_SYNC_QUEUED)) {
if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY))
redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb);
else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) {
inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
inode_io_list_move_locked(inode,
wb,
&wb->b_dirty_time);
}
}
}
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
inode_sync_complete(inode);
out:
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
return ret;
}
static long writeback_chunk_size(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct wb_writeback_work *work)
{
long pages;
/*
* WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty
* inodes / pages in one big loop . Setting wbc . nr_to_write = LONG_MAX
* here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb ( ) more than once .
*
* The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is :
*
* wb_writeback ( )
* writeback_sb_inodes ( ) < = = called only once
* write_cache_pages ( ) < = = called once for each inode
* ( quickly ) tag currently dirty pages
* ( maybe slowly ) sync all tagged pages
*/
if (work->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || work->tagged_writepages)
pages = LONG_MAX;
else {
pages = min(wb->avg_write_bandwidth / 2 ,
global_wb_domain.dirty_limit / DIRTY_SCOPE);
pages = min(pages, work->nr_pages);
pages = round_down(pages + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES,
MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES);
}
return pages;
}
/*
* Write a portion of b_io inodes which belong to @ sb .
*
* Return the number of pages and / or inodes written .
*
* NOTE ! This is called with wb - > list_lock held , and will
* unlock and relock that for each inode it ends up doing
* IO for .
*/
static long writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb,
struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct wb_writeback_work *work)
{
struct writeback_control wbc = {
.sync_mode = work->sync_mode,
.tagged_writepages = work->tagged_writepages,
.for_kupdate = work->for_kupdate,
.for_background = work->for_background,
.for_sync = work->for_sync,
.range_cyclic = work->range_cyclic,
.range_start = 0 ,
.range_end = LLONG_MAX,
};
unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
long write_chunk;
long total_wrote = 0 ; /* count both pages and inodes */
unsigned long dirtied_before = jiffies;
if (work->for_kupdate)
dirtied_before = jiffies -
msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_expire_interval * 10 );
while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
struct bdi_writeback *tmp_wb;
long wrote;
if (inode->i_sb != sb) {
if (work->sb) {
/*
* We only want to write back data for this
* superblock , move all inodes not belonging
* to it back onto the dirty list .
*/
redirty_tail(inode, wb);
continue ;
}
/*
* The inode belongs to a different superblock .
* Bounce back to the caller to unpin this and
* pin the next superblock .
*/
break ;
}
/*
* Don ' t bother with new inodes or inodes being freed , first
* kind does not need periodic writeout yet , and for the latter
* kind writeout is handled by the freer .
*/
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if (inode->i_state & (I_NEW | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE)) {
redirty_tail_locked(inode, wb);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
continue ;
}
if ((inode->i_state & I_SYNC) && wbc.sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) {
/*
* If this inode is locked for writeback and we are not
* doing writeback - for - data - integrity , move it to
* b_more_io so that writeback can proceed with the
* other inodes on s_io .
*
* We ' ll have another go at writing back this inode
* when we completed a full scan of b_io .
*/
requeue_io(inode, wb);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
trace_writeback_sb_inodes_requeue(inode);
continue ;
}
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
/*
* We already requeued the inode if it had I_SYNC set and we
* are doing WB_SYNC_NONE writeback . So this catches only the
* WB_SYNC_ALL case .
*/
if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) {
/* Wait for I_SYNC. This function drops i_lock... */
inode_sleep_on_writeback(inode);
/* Inode may be gone, start again */
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
continue ;
}
inode->i_state |= I_SYNC;
wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(&wbc, inode);
write_chunk = writeback_chunk_size(wb, work);
wbc.nr_to_write = write_chunk;
wbc.pages_skipped = 0 ;
/*
* We use I_SYNC to pin the inode in memory . While it is set
* evict_inode ( ) will wait so the inode cannot be freed .
*/
__writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc);
wbc_detach_inode(&wbc);
work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
wrote = write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write - wbc.pages_skipped;
wrote = wrote < 0 ? 0 : wrote;
total_wrote += wrote;
if (need_resched()) {
/*
* We ' re trying to balance between building up a nice
* long list of IOs to improve our merge rate , and
* getting those IOs out quickly for anyone throttling
* in balance_dirty_pages ( ) . cond_resched ( ) doesn ' t
* unplug , so get our IOs out the door before we
* give up the CPU .
*/
blk_flush_plug(current->plug, false );
cond_resched();
}
/*
* Requeue @ inode if still dirty . Be careful as @ inode may
* have been switched to another wb in the meantime .
*/
tmp_wb = inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode);
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_ALL))
total_wrote++;
requeue_inode(inode, tmp_wb, &wbc, dirtied_before);
inode_sync_complete(inode);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
if (unlikely(tmp_wb != wb)) {
spin_unlock(&tmp_wb->list_lock);
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
}
/*
* bail out to wb_writeback ( ) often enough to check
* background threshold and other termination conditions .
*/
if (total_wrote) {
if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10 UL))
break ;
if (work->nr_pages <= 0 )
break ;
}
}
return total_wrote;
}
static long __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct wb_writeback_work *work)
{
unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
long wrote = 0 ;
while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
if (!super_trylock_shared(sb)) {
/*
* super_trylock_shared ( ) may fail consistently due to
* s_umount being grabbed by someone else . Don ' t use
* requeue_io ( ) to avoid busy retrying the inode / sb .
*/
redirty_tail(inode, wb);
continue ;
}
wrote += writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, work);
up_read(&sb->s_umount);
/* refer to the same tests at the end of writeback_sb_inodes */
if (wrote) {
if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10 UL))
break ;
if (work->nr_pages <= 0 )
break ;
}
}
/* Leave any unwritten inodes on b_io */
return wrote;
}
static long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages,
enum wb_reason reason)
{
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.nr_pages = nr_pages,
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
.range_cyclic = 1 ,
.reason = reason,
};
struct blk_plug plug;
blk_start_plug(&plug);
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
queue_io(wb, &work, jiffies);
__writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &work);
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
blk_finish_plug(&plug);
return nr_pages - work.nr_pages;
}
/*
* Explicit flushing or periodic writeback of " old " data .
*
* Define " old " : the first time one of an inode ' s pages is dirtied , we mark the
* dirtying - time in the inode ' s address_space . So this periodic writeback code
* just walks the superblock inode list , writing back any inodes which are
* older than a specific point in time .
*
* Try to run once per dirty_writeback_interval . But if a writeback event
* takes longer than a dirty_writeback_interval interval , then leave a
* one - second gap .
*
* dirtied_before takes precedence over nr_to_write . So we ' ll only write back
* all dirty pages if they are all attached to " old " mappings .
*/
static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
struct wb_writeback_work *work)
{
long nr_pages = work->nr_pages;
unsigned long dirtied_before = jiffies;
struct inode *inode;
long progress;
struct blk_plug plug;
bool queued = false ;
blk_start_plug(&plug);
for (;;) {
/*
* Stop writeback when nr_pages has been consumed
*/
if (work->nr_pages <= 0 )
break ;
/*
* Background writeout and kupdate - style writeback may
* run forever . Stop them if there is other work to do
* so that e . g . sync can proceed . They ' ll be restarted
* after the other works are all done .
*/
if ((work->for_background || work->for_kupdate) &&
!list_empty(&wb->work_list))
break ;
/*
* For background writeout , stop when we are below the
* background dirty threshold
*/
if (work->for_background && !wb_over_bg_thresh(wb))
break ;
spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
trace_writeback_start(wb, work);
if (list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
/*
* Kupdate and background works are special and we want
* to include all inodes that need writing . Livelock
* avoidance is handled by these works yielding to any
* other work so we are safe .
*/
if (work->for_kupdate) {
dirtied_before = jiffies -
msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_expire_interval *
10 );
} else if (work->for_background)
dirtied_before = jiffies;
queue_io(wb, work, dirtied_before);
queued = true ;
}
if (work->sb)
progress = writeback_sb_inodes(work->sb, wb, work);
else
progress = __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, work);
trace_writeback_written(wb, work);
/*
* Did we write something ? Try for more
*
* Dirty inodes are moved to b_io for writeback in batches .
* The completion of the current batch does not necessarily
* mean the overall work is done . So we keep looping as long
* as made some progress on cleaning pages or inodes .
*/
if (progress || !queued) {
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
continue ;
}
/*
* No more inodes for IO , bail
*/
if (list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) {
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
break ;
}
/*
* Nothing written . Wait for some inode to
* become available for writeback . Otherwise
* we ' ll just busyloop .
*/
trace_writeback_wait(wb, work);
inode = wb_inode(wb->b_more_io.prev);
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
/* This function drops i_lock... */
inode_sleep_on_writeback(inode);
}
blk_finish_plug(&plug);
return nr_pages - work->nr_pages;
}
/*
* Return the next wb_writeback_work struct that hasn ' t been processed yet .
*/
static struct wb_writeback_work *get_next_work_item(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
struct wb_writeback_work *work = NULL;
spin_lock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
if (!list_empty(&wb->work_list)) {
work = list_entry(wb->work_list.next,
struct wb_writeback_work, list);
list_del_init(&work->list);
}
spin_unlock_irq(&wb->work_lock);
return work;
}
static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
if (wb_over_bg_thresh(wb)) {
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.nr_pages = LONG_MAX,
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
.for_background = 1 ,
.range_cyclic = 1 ,
.reason = WB_REASON_BACKGROUND,
};
return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
}
return 0 ;
}
static long wb_check_old_data_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
unsigned long expired;
long nr_pages;
/*
* When set to zero , disable periodic writeback
*/
if (!dirty_writeback_interval)
return 0 ;
expired = wb->last_old_flush +
msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10 );
if (time_before(jiffies, expired))
return 0 ;
wb->last_old_flush = jiffies;
nr_pages = get_nr_dirty_pages();
if (nr_pages) {
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.nr_pages = nr_pages,
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
.for_kupdate = 1 ,
.range_cyclic = 1 ,
.reason = WB_REASON_PERIODIC,
};
return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
}
return 0 ;
}
static long wb_check_start_all(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
long nr_pages;
if (!test_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state))
return 0 ;
nr_pages = get_nr_dirty_pages();
if (nr_pages) {
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.nr_pages = wb_split_bdi_pages(wb, nr_pages),
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
.range_cyclic = 1 ,
.reason = wb->start_all_reason,
};
nr_pages = wb_writeback(wb, &work);
}
clear_bit(WB_start_all, &wb->state);
return nr_pages;
}
/*
* Retrieve work items and do the writeback they describe
*/
static long wb_do_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
{
struct wb_writeback_work *work;
long wrote = 0 ;
set_bit(WB_writeback_running, &wb->state);
while ((work = get_next_work_item(wb)) != NULL) {
trace_writeback_exec(wb, work);
wrote += wb_writeback(wb, work);
finish_writeback_work(work);
}
/*
* Check for a flush - everything request
*/
wrote += wb_check_start_all(wb);
/*
* Check for periodic writeback , kupdated ( ) style
*/
wrote += wb_check_old_data_flush(wb);
wrote += wb_check_background_flush(wb);
clear_bit(WB_writeback_running, &wb->state);
return wrote;
}
/*
* Handle writeback of dirty data for the device backed by this bdi . Also
* reschedules periodically and does kupdated style flushing .
*/
void wb_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb = container_of(to_delayed_work(work),
struct bdi_writeback, dwork);
long pages_written;
set_worker_desc("flush-%s" , bdi_dev_name(wb->bdi));
if (likely(!current_is_workqueue_rescuer() ||
!test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state))) {
/*
* The normal path . Keep writing back @ wb until its
* work_list is empty . Note that this path is also taken
* if @ wb is shutting down even when we ' re running off the
* rescuer as work_list needs to be drained .
*/
do {
pages_written = wb_do_writeback(wb);
trace_writeback_pages_written(pages_written);
} while (!list_empty(&wb->work_list));
} else {
/*
* bdi_wq can ' t get enough workers and we ' re running off
* the emergency worker . Don ' t hog it . Hopefully , 1024 is
* enough for efficient IO .
*/
pages_written = writeback_inodes_wb(wb, 1024 ,
WB_REASON_FORKER_THREAD);
trace_writeback_pages_written(pages_written);
}
if (!list_empty(&wb->work_list))
wb_wakeup(wb);
else if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb) && dirty_writeback_interval)
wb_wakeup_delayed(wb);
}
/*
* Start writeback of all dirty pages on this bdi .
*/
static void __wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
enum wb_reason reason)
{
struct bdi_writeback *wb;
if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi))
return ;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(wb, &bdi->wb_list, bdi_node)
wb_start_writeback(wb, reason);
}
void wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
enum wb_reason reason)
{
rcu_read_lock();
__wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(bdi, reason);
rcu_read_unlock();
}
/*
* Wakeup the flusher threads to start writeback of all currently dirty pages
*/
void wakeup_flusher_threads(enum wb_reason reason)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
/*
* If we are expecting writeback progress we must submit plugged IO .
*/
blk_flush_plug(current->plug, true );
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list)
__wakeup_flusher_threads_bdi(bdi, reason);
rcu_read_unlock();
}
/*
* Wake up bdi ' s periodically to make sure dirtytime inodes gets
* written back periodically . We deliberately do * not * check the
* b_dirtytime list in wb_has_dirty_io ( ) , since this would cause the
* kernel to be constantly waking up once there are any dirtytime
* inodes on the system . So instead we define a separate delayed work
* function which gets called much more rarely . ( By default , only
* once every 12 hours . )
*
* If there is any other write activity going on in the file system ,
* this function won ' t be necessary . But if the only thing that has
* happened on the file system is a dirtytime inode caused by an atime
* update , we need this infrastructure below to make sure that inode
* eventually gets pushed out to disk .
*/
static void wakeup_dirtytime_writeback(struct work_struct *w);
static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(dirtytime_work, wakeup_dirtytime_writeback);
static void wakeup_dirtytime_writeback(struct work_struct *w)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list) {
struct bdi_writeback *wb;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(wb, &bdi->wb_list, bdi_node)
if (!list_empty(&wb->b_dirty_time))
wb_wakeup(wb);
}
rcu_read_unlock();
schedule_delayed_work(&dirtytime_work, dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ);
}
static int dirtytime_interval_handler(const struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
if (ret == 0 && write)
mod_delayed_work(system_wq, &dirtytime_work, 0 );
return ret;
}
static const struct ctl_table vm_fs_writeback_table[] = {
{
.procname = "dirtytime_expire_seconds" ,
.data = &dirtytime_expire_interval,
.maxlen = sizeof (dirtytime_expire_interval),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = dirtytime_interval_handler,
.extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
},
};
static int __init start_dirtytime_writeback(void )
{
schedule_delayed_work(&dirtytime_work, dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ);
register_sysctl_init("vm" , vm_fs_writeback_table);
return 0 ;
}
__initcall(start_dirtytime_writeback);
/**
* _ _ mark_inode_dirty - internal function to mark an inode dirty
*
* @ inode : inode to mark
* @ flags : what kind of dirty , e . g . I_DIRTY_SYNC . This can be a combination of
* multiple I_DIRTY_ * flags , except that I_DIRTY_TIME can ' t be combined
* with I_DIRTY_PAGES .
*
* Mark an inode as dirty . We notify the filesystem , then update the inode ' s
* dirty flags . Then , if needed we add the inode to the appropriate dirty list .
*
* Most callers should use mark_inode_dirty ( ) or mark_inode_dirty_sync ( )
* instead of calling this directly .
*
* CAREFUL ! We only add the inode to the dirty list if it is hashed or if it
* refers to a blockdev . Unhashed inodes will never be added to the dirty list
* even if they are later hashed , as they will have been marked dirty already .
*
* In short , ensure you hash any inodes _ before_ you start marking them dirty .
*
* Note that for blockdevs , inode - > dirtied_when represents the dirtying time of
* the block - special inode ( / dev / hda1 ) itself . And the - > dirtied_when field of
* the kernel - internal blockdev inode represents the dirtying time of the
* blockdev ' s pages . This is why for I_DIRTY_PAGES we always use
* page - > mapping - > host , so the page - dirtying time is recorded in the internal
* blockdev inode .
*/
void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
{
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
int dirtytime = 0 ;
struct bdi_writeback *wb = NULL;
trace_writeback_mark_inode_dirty(inode, flags);
if (flags & I_DIRTY_INODE) {
/*
* Inode timestamp update will piggback on this dirtying .
* We tell - > dirty_inode callback that timestamps need to
* be updated by setting I_DIRTY_TIME in flags .
*/
if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) {
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME) {
inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY_TIME;
flags |= I_DIRTY_TIME;
}
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
}
/*
* Notify the filesystem about the inode being dirtied , so that
* ( if needed ) it can update on - disk fields and journal the
* inode . This is only needed when the inode itself is being
* dirtied now . I . e . it ' s only needed for I_DIRTY_INODE , not
* for just I_DIRTY_PAGES or I_DIRTY_TIME .
*/
trace_writeback_dirty_inode_start(inode, flags);
if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode)
sb->s_op->dirty_inode(inode,
flags & (I_DIRTY_INODE | I_DIRTY_TIME));
trace_writeback_dirty_inode(inode, flags);
/* I_DIRTY_INODE supersedes I_DIRTY_TIME. */
flags &= ~I_DIRTY_TIME;
} else {
/*
* Else it ' s either I_DIRTY_PAGES , I_DIRTY_TIME , or nothing .
* ( We don ' t support setting both I_DIRTY_PAGES and I_DIRTY_TIME
* in one call to _ _ mark_inode_dirty ( ) . )
*/
dirtytime = flags & I_DIRTY_TIME;
WARN_ON_ONCE(dirtytime && flags != I_DIRTY_TIME);
}
/*
* Paired with smp_mb ( ) in _ _ writeback_single_inode ( ) for the
* following lockless i_state test . See there for details .
*/
smp_mb();
if ((inode->i_state & flags) == flags)
return ;
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if ((inode->i_state & flags) != flags) {
const int was_dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
inode_attach_wb(inode, NULL);
inode->i_state |= flags;
/*
* Grab inode ' s wb early because it requires dropping i_lock and we
* need to make sure following checks happen atomically with dirty
* list handling so that we don ' t move inodes under flush worker ' s
* hands .
*/
if (!was_dirty) {
wb = locked_inode_to_wb_and_lock_list(inode);
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
}
/*
* If the inode is queued for writeback by flush worker , just
* update its dirty state . Once the flush worker is done with
* the inode it will place it on the appropriate superblock
* list , based upon its state .
*/
if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC_QUEUED)
goto out_unlock;
/*
* Only add valid ( hashed ) inodes to the superblock ' s
* dirty list . Add blockdev inodes as well .
*/
if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
if (inode_unhashed(inode))
goto out_unlock;
}
if (inode->i_state & I_FREEING)
goto out_unlock;
/*
* If the inode was already on b_dirty / b_io / b_more_io , don ' t
* reposition it ( that would break b_dirty time - ordering ) .
*/
if (!was_dirty) {
struct list_head *dirty_list;
bool wakeup_bdi = false ;
inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
if (dirtytime)
inode->dirtied_time_when = jiffies;
if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY)
dirty_list = &wb->b_dirty;
else
dirty_list = &wb->b_dirty_time;
wakeup_bdi = inode_io_list_move_locked(inode, wb,
dirty_list);
/*
* If this is the first dirty inode for this bdi ,
* we have to wake - up the corresponding bdi thread
* to make sure background write - back happens
* later .
*/
if (wakeup_bdi &&
(wb->bdi->capabilities & BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK))
wb_wakeup_delayed(wb);
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
trace_writeback_dirty_inode_enqueue(inode);
return ;
}
}
out_unlock:
if (wb)
spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mark_inode_dirty);
/*
* The @ s_sync_lock is used to serialise concurrent sync operations
* to avoid lock contention problems with concurrent wait_sb_inodes ( ) calls .
* Concurrent callers will block on the s_sync_lock rather than doing contending
* walks . The queueing maintains sync ( 2 ) required behaviour as all the IO that
* has been issued up to the time this function is enter is guaranteed to be
* completed by the time we have gained the lock and waited for all IO that is
* in progress regardless of the order callers are granted the lock .
*/
static void wait_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb)
{
LIST_HEAD(sync_list);
/*
* We need to be protected against the filesystem going from
* r / o to r / w or vice versa .
*/
WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
mutex_lock(&sb->s_sync_lock);
/*
* Splice the writeback list onto a temporary list to avoid waiting on
* inodes that have started writeback after this point .
*
* Use rcu_read_lock ( ) to keep the inodes around until we have a
* reference . s_inode_wblist_lock protects sb - > s_inodes_wb as well as
* the local list because inodes can be dropped from either by writeback
* completion .
*/
rcu_read_lock();
spin_lock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock);
list_splice_init(&sb->s_inodes_wb, &sync_list);
/*
* Data integrity sync . Must wait for all pages under writeback , because
* there may have been pages dirtied before our sync call , but which had
* writeout started before we write it out . In which case , the inode
* may not be on the dirty list , but we still have to wait for that
* writeout .
*/
while (!list_empty(&sync_list)) {
struct inode *inode = list_first_entry(&sync_list, struct inode,
i_wb_list);
struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
/*
* Move each inode back to the wb list before we drop the lock
* to preserve consistency between i_wb_list and the mapping
* writeback tag . Writeback completion is responsible to remove
* the inode from either list once the writeback tag is cleared .
*/
list_move_tail(&inode->i_wb_list, &sb->s_inodes_wb);
/*
* The mapping can appear untagged while still on - list since we
* do not have the mapping lock . Skip it here , wb completion
* will remove it .
*/
if (!mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_WRITEBACK))
continue ;
spin_unlock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock);
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE|I_NEW)) {
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
spin_lock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock);
continue ;
}
__iget(inode);
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* We keep the error status of individual mapping so that
* applications can catch the writeback error using fsync ( 2 ) .
* See filemap_fdatawait_keep_errors ( ) for details .
*/
filemap_fdatawait_keep_errors(mapping);
cond_resched();
iput(inode);
rcu_read_lock();
spin_lock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock);
}
spin_unlock_irq(&sb->s_inode_wblist_lock);
rcu_read_unlock();
mutex_unlock(&sb->s_sync_lock);
}
static void __writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nr,
enum wb_reason reason, bool skip_if_busy)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi = sb->s_bdi;
DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(done, bdi);
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.sb = sb,
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
.tagged_writepages = 1 ,
.done = &done,
.nr_pages = nr,
.reason = reason,
};
if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi) || bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info)
return ;
WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
bdi_split_work_to_wbs(sb->s_bdi, &work, skip_if_busy);
wb_wait_for_completion(&done);
}
/**
* writeback_inodes_sb_nr - writeback dirty inodes from given super_block
* @ sb : the superblock
* @ nr : the number of pages to write
* @ reason : reason why some writeback work initiated
*
* Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block . No guarantees are made
* on how many ( if any ) will be written , and this function does not wait
* for IO completion of submitted IO .
*/
void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb,
unsigned long nr,
enum wb_reason reason)
{
__writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr, reason, false );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_nr);
/**
* writeback_inodes_sb - writeback dirty inodes from given super_block
* @ sb : the superblock
* @ reason : reason why some writeback work was initiated
*
* Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block . No guarantees are made
* on how many ( if any ) will be written , and this function does not wait
* for IO completion of submitted IO .
*/
void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
{
writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb);
/**
* try_to_writeback_inodes_sb - try to start writeback if none underway
* @ sb : the superblock
* @ reason : reason why some writeback work was initiated
*
* Invoke _ _ writeback_inodes_sb_nr if no writeback is currently underway .
*/
void try_to_writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
{
if (!down_read_trylock(&sb->s_umount))
return ;
__writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason, true );
up_read(&sb->s_umount);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(try_to_writeback_inodes_sb);
/**
* sync_inodes_sb - sync sb inode pages
* @ sb : the superblock
*
* This function writes and waits on any dirty inode belonging to this
* super_block .
*/
void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb)
{
struct backing_dev_info *bdi = sb->s_bdi;
DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION(done, bdi);
struct wb_writeback_work work = {
.sb = sb,
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
.nr_pages = LONG_MAX,
.range_cyclic = 0 ,
.done = &done,
.reason = WB_REASON_SYNC,
.for_sync = 1 ,
};
/*
* Can ' t skip on ! bdi_has_dirty ( ) because we should wait for ! dirty
* inodes under writeback and I_DIRTY_TIME inodes ignored by
* bdi_has_dirty ( ) need to be written out too .
*/
if (bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info)
return ;
WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
/* protect against inode wb switch, see inode_switch_wbs_work_fn() */
bdi_down_write_wb_switch_rwsem(bdi);
bdi_split_work_to_wbs(bdi, &work, false );
wb_wait_for_completion(&done);
bdi_up_write_wb_switch_rwsem(bdi);
wait_sb_inodes(sb);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inodes_sb);
/**
* write_inode_now - write an inode to disk
* @ inode : inode to write to disk
* @ sync : whether the write should be synchronous or not
*
* This function commits an inode to disk immediately if it is dirty . This is
* primarily needed by knfsd .
*
* The caller must either have a ref on the inode or must have set I_WILL_FREE .
*/
int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync)
{
struct writeback_control wbc = {
.nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
.sync_mode = sync ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_NONE,
.range_start = 0 ,
.range_end = LLONG_MAX,
};
if (!mapping_can_writeback(inode->i_mapping))
wbc.nr_to_write = 0 ;
might_sleep();
return writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now);
/**
* sync_inode_metadata - write an inode to disk
* @ inode : the inode to sync
* @ wait : wait for I / O to complete .
*
* Write an inode to disk and adjust its dirty state after completion .
*
* Note : only writes the actual inode , no associated data or other metadata .
*/
int sync_inode_metadata(struct inode *inode, int wait)
{
struct writeback_control wbc = {
.sync_mode = wait ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_NONE,
.nr_to_write = 0 , /* metadata-only */
};
return writeback_single_inode(inode, &wbc);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode_metadata);
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=94 G=93
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.82 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-29)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-10-09
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