Quelle file_table.c
Sprache: C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* linux / fs / file_table . c
*
* Copyright ( C ) 1991 , 1992 Linus Torvalds
* Copyright ( C ) 1997 David S . Miller ( davem @ caip . rutgers . edu )
*/
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/filelock.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/cred.h>
#include <linux/eventpoll.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/task_work.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include "internal.h"
/* sysctl tunables... */
static struct files_stat_struct files_stat = {
.max_files = NR_FILE
};
/* SLAB cache for file structures */
static struct kmem_cache *filp_cachep __ro_after_init;
static struct kmem_cache *bfilp_cachep __ro_after_init;
static struct percpu_counter nr_files __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
/* Container for backing file with optional user path */
struct backing_file {
struct file file;
union {
struct path user_path;
freeptr_t bf_freeptr;
};
};
#define backing_file(f) container_of(f, struct backing_file, file)
struct path *backing_file_user_path(const struct file *f)
{
return &backing_file(f)->user_path;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(backing_file_user_path);
void backing_file_set_user_path(struct file *f, const struct path *path)
{
backing_file(f)->user_path = *path;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(backing_file_set_user_path);
static inline void file_free(struct file *f)
{
security_file_free(f);
if (likely(!(f->f_mode & FMODE_NOACCOUNT)))
percpu_counter_dec(&nr_files);
put_cred(f->f_cred);
if (unlikely(f->f_mode & FMODE_BACKING)) {
path_put(backing_file_user_path(f));
kmem_cache_free(bfilp_cachep, backing_file(f));
} else {
kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
}
}
/*
* Return the total number of open files in the system
*/
static long get_nr_files(void )
{
return percpu_counter_read_positive(&nr_files);
}
/*
* Return the maximum number of open files in the system
*/
unsigned long get_max_files(void )
{
return files_stat.max_files;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_max_files);
#if defined (CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined (CONFIG_PROC_FS)
/*
* Handle nr_files sysctl
*/
static int proc_nr_files(const struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
files_stat.nr_files = percpu_counter_sum_positive(&nr_files);
return proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
}
static const struct ctl_table fs_stat_sysctls[] = {
{
.procname = "file-nr" ,
.data = &files_stat,
.maxlen = sizeof (files_stat),
.mode = 0444 ,
.proc_handler = proc_nr_files,
},
{
.procname = "file-max" ,
.data = &files_stat.max_files,
.maxlen = sizeof (files_stat.max_files),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
.extra1 = SYSCTL_LONG_ZERO,
.extra2 = SYSCTL_LONG_MAX,
},
{
.procname = "nr_open" ,
.data = &sysctl_nr_open,
.maxlen = sizeof (unsigned int ),
.mode = 0644 ,
.proc_handler = proc_douintvec_minmax,
.extra1 = &sysctl_nr_open_min,
.extra2 = &sysctl_nr_open_max,
},
};
static int __init init_fs_stat_sysctls(void )
{
register_sysctl_init("fs" , fs_stat_sysctls);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC)) {
struct ctl_table_header *hdr;
hdr = register_sysctl_mount_point("fs/binfmt_misc" );
kmemleak_not_leak(hdr);
}
return 0 ;
}
fs_initcall(init_fs_stat_sysctls);
#endif
static int init_file(struct file *f, int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
int error;
f->f_cred = get_cred(cred);
error = security_file_alloc(f);
if (unlikely(error)) {
put_cred(f->f_cred);
return error;
}
spin_lock_init(&f->f_lock);
/*
* Note that f_pos_lock is only used for files raising
* FMODE_ATOMIC_POS and directories . Other files such as pipes
* don ' t need it and since f_pos_lock is in a union may reuse
* the space for other purposes . They are expected to initialize
* the respective member when opening the file .
*/
mutex_init(&f->f_pos_lock);
memset(&f->f_path, 0 , sizeof (f->f_path));
memset(&f->f_ra, 0 , sizeof (f->f_ra));
f->f_flags = flags;
f->f_mode = OPEN_FMODE(flags);
f->f_op = NULL;
f->f_mapping = NULL;
f->private_data = NULL;
f->f_inode = NULL;
f->f_owner = NULL;
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
f->f_ep = NULL;
#endif
f->f_iocb_flags = 0 ;
f->f_pos = 0 ;
f->f_wb_err = 0 ;
f->f_sb_err = 0 ;
/*
* We ' re SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU so initialize f_count last . While
* fget - rcu pattern users need to be able to handle spurious
* refcount bumps we should reinitialize the reused file first .
*/
file_ref_init(&f->f_ref, 1 );
/*
* Disable permission and pre - content events for all files by default .
* They may be enabled later by fsnotify_open_perm_and_set_mode ( ) .
*/
file_set_fsnotify_mode(f, FMODE_NONOTIFY_PERM);
return 0 ;
}
/* Find an unused file structure and return a pointer to it.
* Returns an error pointer if some error happend e . g . we over file
* structures limit , run out of memory or operation is not permitted .
*
* Be very careful using this . You are responsible for
* getting write access to any mount that you might assign
* to this filp , if it is opened for write . If this is not
* done , you will imbalance int the mount ' s writer count
* and a warning at _ _ fput ( ) time .
*/
struct file *alloc_empty_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
static long old_max;
struct file *f;
int error;
/*
* Privileged users can go above max_files
*/
if (unlikely(get_nr_files() >= files_stat.max_files) &&
!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
/*
* percpu_counters are inaccurate . Do an expensive check before
* we go and fail .
*/
if (percpu_counter_sum_positive(&nr_files) >= files_stat.max_files)
goto over;
}
f = kmem_cache_alloc(filp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (unlikely(!f))
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
error = init_file(f, flags, cred);
if (unlikely(error)) {
kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
return ERR_PTR(error);
}
percpu_counter_inc(&nr_files);
return f;
over:
/* Ran out of filps - report that */
if (get_nr_files() > old_max) {
pr_info("VFS: file-max limit %lu reached\n" , get_max_files());
old_max = get_nr_files();
}
return ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
}
/*
* Variant of alloc_empty_file ( ) that doesn ' t check and modify nr_files .
*
* This is only for kernel internal use , and the allocate file must not be
* installed into file tables or such .
*/
struct file *alloc_empty_file_noaccount(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
struct file *f;
int error;
f = kmem_cache_alloc(filp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (unlikely(!f))
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
error = init_file(f, flags, cred);
if (unlikely(error)) {
kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
return ERR_PTR(error);
}
f->f_mode |= FMODE_NOACCOUNT;
return f;
}
/*
* Variant of alloc_empty_file ( ) that allocates a backing_file container
* and doesn ' t check and modify nr_files .
*
* This is only for kernel internal use , and the allocate file must not be
* installed into file tables or such .
*/
struct file *alloc_empty_backing_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
{
struct backing_file *ff;
int error;
ff = kmem_cache_alloc(bfilp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (unlikely(!ff))
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
error = init_file(&ff->file, flags, cred);
if (unlikely(error)) {
kmem_cache_free(bfilp_cachep, ff);
return ERR_PTR(error);
}
ff->file.f_mode |= FMODE_BACKING | FMODE_NOACCOUNT;
return &ff->file;
}
/**
* file_init_path - initialize a ' struct file ' based on path
*
* @ file : the file to set up
* @ path : the ( dentry , vfsmount ) pair for the new file
* @ fop : the ' struct file_operations ' for the new file
*/
static void file_init_path(struct file *file, const struct path *path,
const struct file_operations *fop)
{
file->f_path = *path;
file->f_inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
file->f_mapping = path->dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
file->f_wb_err = filemap_sample_wb_err(file->f_mapping);
file->f_sb_err = file_sample_sb_err(file);
if (fop->llseek)
file->f_mode |= FMODE_LSEEK;
if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) &&
likely(fop->read || fop->read_iter))
file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_READ;
if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) &&
likely(fop->write || fop->write_iter))
file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_WRITE;
file->f_iocb_flags = iocb_flags(file);
file->f_mode |= FMODE_OPENED;
file->f_op = fop;
if ((file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
i_readcount_inc(path->dentry->d_inode);
}
/**
* alloc_file - allocate and initialize a ' struct file '
*
* @ path : the ( dentry , vfsmount ) pair for the new file
* @ flags : O_ . . . flags with which the new file will be opened
* @ fop : the ' struct file_operations ' for the new file
*/
static struct file *alloc_file(const struct path *path, int flags,
const struct file_operations *fop)
{
struct file *file;
file = alloc_empty_file(flags, current_cred());
if (!IS_ERR(file))
file_init_path(file, path, fop);
return file;
}
static inline int alloc_path_pseudo(const char *name, struct inode *inode,
struct vfsmount *mnt, struct path *path)
{
path->dentry = d_alloc_pseudo(mnt->mnt_sb, &QSTR(name));
if (!path->dentry)
return -ENOMEM;
path->mnt = mntget(mnt);
d_instantiate(path->dentry, inode);
return 0 ;
}
struct file *alloc_file_pseudo(struct inode *inode, struct vfsmount *mnt,
const char *name, int flags,
const struct file_operations *fops)
{
int ret;
struct path path;
struct file *file;
ret = alloc_path_pseudo(name, inode, mnt, &path);
if (ret)
return ERR_PTR(ret);
file = alloc_file(&path, flags, fops);
if (IS_ERR(file)) {
ihold(inode);
path_put(&path);
return file;
}
/*
* Disable all fsnotify events for pseudo files by default .
* They may be enabled by caller with file_set_fsnotify_mode ( ) .
*/
file_set_fsnotify_mode(file, FMODE_NONOTIFY);
return file;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_file_pseudo);
struct file *alloc_file_pseudo_noaccount(struct inode *inode,
struct vfsmount *mnt, const char *name,
int flags,
const struct file_operations *fops)
{
int ret;
struct path path;
struct file *file;
ret = alloc_path_pseudo(name, inode, mnt, &path);
if (ret)
return ERR_PTR(ret);
file = alloc_empty_file_noaccount(flags, current_cred());
if (IS_ERR(file)) {
ihold(inode);
path_put(&path);
return file;
}
file_init_path(file, &path, fops);
/*
* Disable all fsnotify events for pseudo files by default .
* They may be enabled by caller with file_set_fsnotify_mode ( ) .
*/
file_set_fsnotify_mode(file, FMODE_NONOTIFY);
return file;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_file_pseudo_noaccount);
struct file *alloc_file_clone(struct file *base, int flags,
const struct file_operations *fops)
{
struct file *f;
f = alloc_file(&base->f_path, flags, fops);
if (!IS_ERR(f)) {
path_get(&f->f_path);
f->f_mapping = base->f_mapping;
}
return f;
}
/* the real guts of fput() - releasing the last reference to file
*/
static void __fput(struct file *file)
{
struct dentry *dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
struct vfsmount *mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
struct inode *inode = file->f_inode;
fmode_t mode = file->f_mode;
if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & FMODE_OPENED)))
goto out;
might_sleep();
fsnotify_close(file);
/*
* The function eventpoll_release ( ) should be the first called
* in the file cleanup chain .
*/
eventpoll_release(file);
locks_remove_file(file);
security_file_release(file);
if (unlikely(file->f_flags & FASYNC)) {
if (file->f_op->fasync)
file->f_op->fasync(-1 , file, 0 );
}
if (file->f_op->release)
file->f_op->release(inode, file);
if (unlikely(S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_cdev != NULL &&
!(mode & FMODE_PATH))) {
cdev_put(inode->i_cdev);
}
fops_put(file->f_op);
file_f_owner_release(file);
put_file_access(file);
dput(dentry);
if (unlikely(mode & FMODE_NEED_UNMOUNT))
dissolve_on_fput(mnt);
mntput(mnt);
out:
file_free(file);
}
static LLIST_HEAD(delayed_fput_list);
static void delayed_fput(struct work_struct *unused)
{
struct llist_node *node = llist_del_all(&delayed_fput_list);
struct file *f, *t;
llist_for_each_entry_safe(f, t, node, f_llist)
__fput(f);
}
static void ____fput(struct callback_head *work)
{
__fput(container_of(work, struct file, f_task_work));
}
static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(delayed_fput_work, delayed_fput);
/*
* If kernel thread really needs to have the final fput ( ) it has done
* to complete , call this . The only user right now is the boot - we
* * do * need to make sure our writes to binaries on initramfs has
* not left us with opened struct file waiting for _ _ fput ( ) - execve ( )
* won ' t work without that . Please , don ' t add more callers without
* very good reasons ; in particular , never call that with locks
* held and never call that from a thread that might need to do
* some work on any kind of umount .
*/
void flush_delayed_fput(void )
{
delayed_fput(NULL);
flush_delayed_work(&delayed_fput_work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(flush_delayed_fput);
static void __fput_deferred(struct file *file)
{
struct task_struct *task = current;
if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & (FMODE_BACKING | FMODE_OPENED)))) {
file_free(file);
return ;
}
if (likely(!in_interrupt() && !(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD))) {
init_task_work(&file->f_task_work, ____fput);
if (!task_work_add(task, &file->f_task_work, TWA_RESUME))
return ;
/*
* After this task has run exit_task_work ( ) ,
* task_work_add ( ) will fail . Fall through to delayed
* fput to avoid leaking * file .
*/
}
if (llist_add(&file->f_llist, &delayed_fput_list))
schedule_delayed_work(&delayed_fput_work, 1 );
}
void fput(struct file *file)
{
if (unlikely(file_ref_put(&file->f_ref)))
__fput_deferred(file);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fput);
/*
* synchronous analog of fput ( ) ; for kernel threads that might be needed
* in some umount ( ) ( and thus can ' t use flush_delayed_fput ( ) without
* risking deadlocks ) , need to wait for completion of _ _ fput ( ) and know
* for this specific struct file it won ' t involve anything that would
* need them . Use only if you really need it - at the very least ,
* don ' t blindly convert fput ( ) by kernel thread to that .
*/
void __fput_sync(struct file *file)
{
if (file_ref_put(&file->f_ref))
__fput(file);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fput_sync);
/*
* Equivalent to _ _ fput_sync ( ) , but optimized for being called with the last
* reference .
*
* See file_ref_put_close ( ) for details .
*/
void fput_close_sync(struct file *file)
{
if (likely(file_ref_put_close(&file->f_ref)))
__fput(file);
}
/*
* Equivalent to fput ( ) , but optimized for being called with the last
* reference .
*
* See file_ref_put_close ( ) for details .
*/
void fput_close(struct file *file)
{
if (file_ref_put_close(&file->f_ref))
__fput_deferred(file);
}
void __init files_init(void )
{
struct kmem_cache_args args = {
.use_freeptr_offset = true ,
.freeptr_offset = offsetof(struct file, f_freeptr),
};
filp_cachep = kmem_cache_create("filp" , sizeof (struct file), &args,
SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC |
SLAB_ACCOUNT | SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU);
args.freeptr_offset = offsetof(struct backing_file, bf_freeptr);
bfilp_cachep = kmem_cache_create("bfilp" , sizeof (struct backing_file),
&args, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC |
SLAB_ACCOUNT | SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU);
percpu_counter_init(&nr_files, 0 , GFP_KERNEL);
}
/*
* One file with associated inode and dcache is very roughly 1 K . Per default
* do not use more than 10 % of our memory for files .
*/
void __init files_maxfiles_init(void )
{
unsigned long n;
unsigned long nr_pages = totalram_pages();
unsigned long memreserve = (nr_pages - nr_free_pages()) * 3 /2 ;
memreserve = min(memreserve, nr_pages - 1 );
n = ((nr_pages - memreserve) * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024 )) / 10 ;
files_stat.max_files = max_t(unsigned long , n, NR_FILE);
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=96 H=99 G=97
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.15 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-10-09
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