Quelle cec.c
Sprache: C
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Copyright ( c ) 2017 - 2019 Borislav Petkov , SUSE Labs .
*/
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/ras.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <asm /mce.h>
#include "debugfs.h"
/*
* RAS Correctable Errors Collector
*
* This is a simple gadget which collects correctable errors and counts their
* occurrence per physical page address .
*
* We ' ve opted for possibly the simplest data structure to collect those - an
* array of the size of a memory page . It stores 512 u64 ' s with the following
* structure :
*
* [ 63 . . . PFN . . . 12 | 11 . . . generation . . . 10 | 9 . . . count . . . 0 ]
*
* The generation in the two highest order bits is two bits which are set to 11 b
* on every insertion . During the course of each entry ' s existence , the
* generation field gets decremented during spring cleaning to 10 b , then 01 b and
* then 00 b .
*
* This way we ' re employing the natural numeric ordering to make sure that newly
* inserted / touched elements have higher 12 - bit counts ( which we ' ve manufactured )
* and thus iterating over the array initially won ' t kick out those elements
* which were inserted last .
*
* Spring cleaning is what we do when we reach a certain number CLEAN_ELEMS of
* elements entered into the array , during which , we ' re decaying all elements .
* If , after decay , an element gets inserted again , its generation is set to 11 b
* to make sure it has higher numerical count than other , older elements and
* thus emulate an LRU - like behavior when deleting elements to free up space
* in the page .
*
* When an element reaches it ' s max count of action_threshold , we try to poison
* it by assuming that errors triggered action_threshold times in a single page
* are excessive and that page shouldn ' t be used anymore . action_threshold is
* initialized to COUNT_MASK which is the maximum .
*
* That error event entry causes cec_add_elem ( ) to return ! 0 value and thus
* signal to its callers to log the error .
*
* To the question why we ' ve chosen a page and moving elements around with
* memmove ( ) , it is because it is a very simple structure to handle and max data
* movement is 4 K which on highly optimized modern CPUs is almost unnoticeable .
* We wanted to avoid the pointer traversal of more complex structures like a
* linked list or some sort of a balancing search tree .
*
* Deleting an element takes O ( n ) but since it is only a single page , it should
* be fast enough and it shouldn ' t happen all too often depending on error
* patterns .
*/
#undef pr_fmt
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "RAS: " fmt
/*
* We use DECAY_BITS bits of PAGE_SHIFT bits for counting decay , i . e . , how long
* elements have stayed in the array without having been accessed again .
*/
#define DECAY_BITS 2
#define DECAY_MASK ((1 ULL << DECAY_BITS) - 1 )
#define MAX_ELEMS (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof (u64))
/*
* Threshold amount of inserted elements after which we start spring
* cleaning .
*/
#define CLEAN_ELEMS (MAX_ELEMS >> DECAY_BITS)
/* Bits which count the number of errors happened in this 4K page. */
#define COUNT_BITS (PAGE_SHIFT - DECAY_BITS)
#define COUNT_MASK ((1 ULL << COUNT_BITS) - 1 )
#define FULL_COUNT_MASK (PAGE_SIZE - 1 )
/*
* u64 : [ 63 . . . 12 | DECAY_BITS | COUNT_BITS ]
*/
#define PFN(e) ((e) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
#define DECAY(e) (((e) >> COUNT_BITS) & DECAY_MASK)
#define COUNT(e) ((unsigned int )(e) & COUNT_MASK)
#define FULL_COUNT(e) ((e) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1 ))
static struct ce_array {
u64 *array; /* container page */
unsigned int n; /* number of elements in the array */
unsigned int decay_count; /*
* number of element insertions / increments
* since the last spring cleaning .
*/
u64 pfns_poisoned; /*
* number of PFNs which got poisoned .
*/
u64 ces_entered; /*
* The number of correctable errors
* entered into the collector .
*/
u64 decays_done; /*
* Times we did spring cleaning .
*/
union {
struct {
__u32 disabled : 1 , /* cmdline disabled */
__resv : 31 ;
};
__u32 flags;
};
} ce_arr;
static DEFINE_MUTEX(ce_mutex);
static u64 dfs_pfn;
/* Amount of errors after which we offline */
static u64 action_threshold = COUNT_MASK;
/* Each element "decays" each decay_interval which is 24hrs by default. */
#define CEC_DECAY_DEFAULT_INTERVAL 24 * 60 * 60 /* 24 hrs */
#define CEC_DECAY_MIN_INTERVAL 1 * 60 * 60 /* 1h */
#define CEC_DECAY_MAX_INTERVAL 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 /* one month */
static struct delayed_work cec_work;
static u64 decay_interval = CEC_DECAY_DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
/*
* Decrement decay value . We ' re using DECAY_BITS bits to denote decay of an
* element in the array . On insertion and any access , it gets reset to max .
*/
static void do_spring_cleaning(struct ce_array *ca)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < ca->n; i++) {
u8 decay = DECAY(ca->array[i]);
if (!decay)
continue ;
decay--;
ca->array[i] &= ~(DECAY_MASK << COUNT_BITS);
ca->array[i] |= (decay << COUNT_BITS);
}
ca->decay_count = 0 ;
ca->decays_done++;
}
/*
* @ interval in seconds
*/
static void cec_mod_work(unsigned long interval)
{
unsigned long iv;
iv = interval * HZ;
mod_delayed_work(system_wq, &cec_work, round_jiffies(iv));
}
static void cec_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
{
mutex_lock(&ce_mutex);
do_spring_cleaning(&ce_arr);
mutex_unlock(&ce_mutex);
cec_mod_work(decay_interval);
}
/*
* @ to : index of the smallest element which is > = then @ pfn .
*
* Return the index of the pfn if found , otherwise negative value .
*/
static int __find_elem(struct ce_array *ca, u64 pfn, unsigned int *to)
{
int min = 0 , max = ca->n - 1 ;
u64 this_pfn;
while (min <= max) {
int i = (min + max) >> 1 ;
this_pfn = PFN(ca->array[i]);
if (this_pfn < pfn)
min = i + 1 ;
else if (this_pfn > pfn)
max = i - 1 ;
else if (this_pfn == pfn) {
if (to)
*to = i;
return i;
}
}
/*
* When the loop terminates without finding @ pfn , min has the index of
* the element slot where the new @ pfn should be inserted . The loop
* terminates when min > max , which means the min index points to the
* bigger element while the max index to the smaller element , in - between
* which the new @ pfn belongs to .
*
* For more details , see exercise 1 , Section 6 . 2 . 1 in TAOCP , vol . 3 .
*/
if (to)
*to = min;
return -ENOKEY;
}
static int find_elem(struct ce_array *ca, u64 pfn, unsigned int *to)
{
WARN_ON(!to);
if (!ca->n) {
*to = 0 ;
return -ENOKEY;
}
return __find_elem(ca, pfn, to);
}
static void del_elem(struct ce_array *ca, int idx)
{
/* Save us a function call when deleting the last element. */
if (ca->n - (idx + 1 ))
memmove((void *)&ca->array[idx],
(void *)&ca->array[idx + 1 ],
(ca->n - (idx + 1 )) * sizeof (u64));
ca->n--;
}
static u64 del_lru_elem_unlocked(struct ce_array *ca)
{
unsigned int min = FULL_COUNT_MASK;
int i, min_idx = 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < ca->n; i++) {
unsigned int this = FULL_COUNT(ca->array[i]);
if (min > this ) {
min = this ;
min_idx = i;
}
}
del_elem(ca, min_idx);
return PFN(ca->array[min_idx]);
}
/*
* We return the 0 th pfn in the error case under the assumption that it cannot
* be poisoned and excessive CEs in there are a serious deal anyway .
*/
static u64 __maybe_unused del_lru_elem(void )
{
struct ce_array *ca = &ce_arr;
u64 pfn;
if (!ca->n)
return 0 ;
mutex_lock(&ce_mutex);
pfn = del_lru_elem_unlocked(ca);
mutex_unlock(&ce_mutex);
return pfn;
}
static bool sanity_check(struct ce_array *ca)
{
bool ret = false ;
u64 prev = 0 ;
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < ca->n; i++) {
u64 this = PFN(ca->array[i]);
if (WARN(prev > this , "prev: 0x%016llx <-> this: 0x%016llx\n" , prev, this ))
ret = true ;
prev = this ;
}
if (!ret)
return ret;
pr_info("Sanity check dump:\n{ n: %d\n" , ca->n);
for (i = 0 ; i < ca->n; i++) {
u64 this = PFN(ca->array[i]);
pr_info(" %03d: [%016llx|%03llx]\n" , i, this , FULL_COUNT(ca->array[i]));
}
pr_info("}\n" );
return ret;
}
/**
* cec_add_elem - Add an element to the CEC array .
* @ pfn : page frame number to insert
*
* Return values :
* - < 0 : on error
* - 0 : on success
* - > 0 : when the inserted pfn was offlined
*/
static int cec_add_elem(u64 pfn)
{
struct ce_array *ca = &ce_arr;
int count, err, ret = 0 ;
unsigned int to = 0 ;
/*
* We can be called very early on the identify_cpu ( ) path where we are
* not initialized yet . We ignore the error for simplicity .
*/
if (!ce_arr.array || ce_arr.disabled)
return -ENODEV;
mutex_lock(&ce_mutex);
ca->ces_entered++;
/* Array full, free the LRU slot. */
if (ca->n == MAX_ELEMS)
WARN_ON(!del_lru_elem_unlocked(ca));
err = find_elem(ca, pfn, &to);
if (err < 0 ) {
/*
* Shift range [ to - end ] to make room for one more element .
*/
memmove((void *)&ca->array[to + 1 ],
(void *)&ca->array[to],
(ca->n - to) * sizeof (u64));
ca->array[to] = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
ca->n++;
}
/* Add/refresh element generation and increment count */
ca->array[to] |= DECAY_MASK << COUNT_BITS;
ca->array[to]++;
/* Check action threshold and soft-offline, if reached. */
count = COUNT(ca->array[to]);
if (count >= action_threshold) {
u64 pfn = ca->array[to] >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
pr_warn("CEC: Invalid pfn: 0x%llx\n" , pfn);
} else {
/* We have reached max count for this page, soft-offline it. */
pr_err("Soft-offlining pfn: 0x%llx\n" , pfn);
memory_failure_queue(pfn, MF_SOFT_OFFLINE);
ca->pfns_poisoned++;
}
del_elem(ca, to);
/*
* Return a > 0 value to callers , to denote that we ' ve reached
* the offlining threshold .
*/
ret = 1 ;
goto unlock;
}
ca->decay_count++;
if (ca->decay_count >= CLEAN_ELEMS)
do_spring_cleaning(ca);
WARN_ON_ONCE(sanity_check(ca));
unlock:
mutex_unlock(&ce_mutex);
return ret;
}
static int u64_get(void *data, u64 *val)
{
*val = *(u64 *)data;
return 0 ;
}
static int pfn_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
*(u64 *)data = val;
cec_add_elem(val);
return 0 ;
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(pfn_ops, u64_get, pfn_set, "0x%llx\n" );
static int decay_interval_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
if (val < CEC_DECAY_MIN_INTERVAL)
return -EINVAL;
if (val > CEC_DECAY_MAX_INTERVAL)
return -EINVAL;
*(u64 *)data = val;
decay_interval = val;
cec_mod_work(decay_interval);
return 0 ;
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(decay_interval_ops, u64_get, decay_interval_set, "%lld\n" );
static int action_threshold_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
*(u64 *)data = val;
if (val > COUNT_MASK)
val = COUNT_MASK;
action_threshold = val;
return 0 ;
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(action_threshold_ops, u64_get, action_threshold_set, "%lld\n" );
static const char * const bins[] = { "00" , "01" , "10" , "11" };
static int array_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
struct ce_array *ca = &ce_arr;
int i;
mutex_lock(&ce_mutex);
seq_printf(m, "{ n: %d\n" , ca->n);
for (i = 0 ; i < ca->n; i++) {
u64 this = PFN(ca->array[i]);
seq_printf(m, " %3d: [%016llx|%s|%03llx]\n" ,
i, this , bins[DECAY(ca->array[i])], COUNT(ca->array[i]));
}
seq_printf(m, "}\n" );
seq_printf(m, "Stats:\nCEs: %llu\nofflined pages: %llu\n" ,
ca->ces_entered, ca->pfns_poisoned);
seq_printf(m, "Flags: 0x%x\n" , ca->flags);
seq_printf(m, "Decay interval: %lld seconds\n" , decay_interval);
seq_printf(m, "Decays: %lld\n" , ca->decays_done);
seq_printf(m, "Action threshold: %lld\n" , action_threshold);
mutex_unlock(&ce_mutex);
return 0 ;
}
DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(array);
static int __init create_debugfs_nodes(void )
{
struct dentry *d, *pfn, *decay, *count, *array, *dfs;
dfs = ras_get_debugfs_root();
if (!dfs) {
pr_warn("Error getting RAS debugfs root!\n" );
return -1 ;
}
d = debugfs_create_dir("cec" , dfs);
if (!d) {
pr_warn("Error creating cec debugfs node!\n" );
return -1 ;
}
decay = debugfs_create_file("decay_interval" , S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d,
&decay_interval, &decay_interval_ops);
if (!decay) {
pr_warn("Error creating decay_interval debugfs node!\n" );
goto err;
}
count = debugfs_create_file("action_threshold" , S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d,
&action_threshold, &action_threshold_ops);
if (!count) {
pr_warn("Error creating action_threshold debugfs node!\n" );
goto err;
}
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RAS_CEC_DEBUG))
return 0 ;
pfn = debugfs_create_file("pfn" , S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, d, &dfs_pfn, &pfn_ops);
if (!pfn) {
pr_warn("Error creating pfn debugfs node!\n" );
goto err;
}
array = debugfs_create_file("array" , S_IRUSR, d, NULL, &array_fops);
if (!array) {
pr_warn("Error creating array debugfs node!\n" );
goto err;
}
return 0 ;
err:
debugfs_remove_recursive(d);
return 1 ;
}
static int cec_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
void *data)
{
struct mce *m = (struct mce *)data;
if (!m)
return NOTIFY_DONE;
/* We eat only correctable DRAM errors with usable addresses. */
if (mce_is_memory_error(m) &&
mce_is_correctable(m) &&
mce_usable_address(m)) {
if (!cec_add_elem(m->addr >> PAGE_SHIFT)) {
m->kflags |= MCE_HANDLED_CEC;
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
}
return NOTIFY_DONE;
}
static struct notifier_block cec_nb = {
.notifier_call = cec_notifier,
.priority = MCE_PRIO_CEC,
};
static int __init cec_init(void )
{
if (ce_arr.disabled)
return -ENODEV;
/*
* Intel systems may avoid uncorrectable errors
* if pages with corrected errors are aggressively
* taken offline .
*/
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
action_threshold = 2 ;
ce_arr.array = (void *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ce_arr.array) {
pr_err("Error allocating CE array page!\n" );
return -ENOMEM;
}
if (create_debugfs_nodes()) {
free_page((unsigned long )ce_arr.array);
return -ENOMEM;
}
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&cec_work, cec_work_fn);
schedule_delayed_work(&cec_work, CEC_DECAY_DEFAULT_INTERVAL);
mce_register_decode_chain(&cec_nb);
pr_info("Correctable Errors collector initialized.\n" );
return 0 ;
}
late_initcall(cec_init);
int __init parse_cec_param(char *str)
{
if (!str)
return 0 ;
if (*str == '=' )
str++;
if (!strcmp(str, "cec_disable" ))
ce_arr.disabled = 1 ;
else
return 0 ;
return 1 ;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=95 H=90 G=92
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.15 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland
2026-10-10
Neuigkeiten
Aktuelles
Motto des Tages
Open Source Software
Jenseits des Üblichen ....
Besucherstatistik
Statistik
#Sources=1126864
#Domains=1897691