// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* This file implements KASLR memory randomization for x86_64 . It randomizes
* the virtual address space of kernel memory regions ( physical memory
* mapping , vmalloc & vmemmap ) for x86_64 . This security feature mitigates
* exploits relying on predictable kernel addresses .
*
* Entropy is generated using the KASLR early boot functions now shared in
* the lib directory ( originally written by Kees Cook ) . Randomization is
* done on PGD & P4D / PUD page table levels to increase possible addresses .
* The physical memory mapping code was adapted to support P4D / PUD level
* virtual addresses . This implementation on the best configuration provides
* 30 , 000 possible virtual addresses in average for each memory region .
* An additional low memory page is used to ensure each CPU can start with
* a PGD aligned virtual address ( for realmode ) .
*
* The order of each memory region is not changed . The feature looks at
* the available space for the regions based on different configuration
* options and randomizes the base and space between each . The size of the
* physical memory mapping is the available physical memory .
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/prandom.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/pgtable.h>
#include <asm /setup.h>
#include <asm /kaslr.h>
#include "mm_internal.h"
#define TB_SHIFT 40
/*
* The end address could depend on more configuration options to make the
* highest amount of space for randomization available , but that ' s too hard
* to keep straight and caused issues already .
*/
static const unsigned long vaddr_end = CPU_ENTRY_AREA_BASE;
/*
* Memory regions randomized by KASLR ( except modules that use a separate logic
* earlier during boot ) . The list is ordered based on virtual addresses . This
* order is kept after randomization .
*/
static __initdata struct kaslr_memory_region {
unsigned long *base;
unsigned long *end;
unsigned long size_tb;
} kaslr_regions[] = {
{
.base = &page_offset_base,
.end = &direct_map_physmem_end,
},
{
.base = &vmalloc_base,
},
{
.base = &vmemmap_base,
},
};
/*
* The end of the physical address space that can be mapped directly by the
* kernel . This starts out at ( 1 < < MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS ) - 1 ) , but KASLR may reduce
* that in order to increase the available entropy for mapping other regions .
*/
unsigned long direct_map_physmem_end __ro_after_init;
/* Get size in bytes used by the memory region */
static inline unsigned long get_padding(struct kaslr_memory_region *region)
{
return (region->size_tb << TB_SHIFT);
}
/* Initialize base and padding for each memory region randomized with KASLR */
void __init kernel_randomize_memory(void )
{
size_t i;
unsigned long vaddr_start, vaddr;
unsigned long rand, memory_tb;
struct rnd_state rand_state;
unsigned long remain_entropy;
unsigned long vmemmap_size;
vaddr_start = pgtable_l5_enabled() ? __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE_L5 : __PAGE_OFFSET_BASE_L4;
vaddr = vaddr_start;
/*
* These BUILD_BUG_ON checks ensure the memory layout is consistent
* with the vaddr_start / vaddr_end variables . These checks are very
* limited . . . .
*/
BUILD_BUG_ON(vaddr_start >= vaddr_end);
BUILD_BUG_ON(vaddr_end != CPU_ENTRY_AREA_BASE);
BUILD_BUG_ON(vaddr_end > __START_KERNEL_map);
/* Preset the end of the possible address space for physical memory */
direct_map_physmem_end = ((1 ULL << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS) - 1 );
if (!kaslr_memory_enabled())
return ;
kaslr_regions[0 ].size_tb = 1 << (MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - TB_SHIFT);
kaslr_regions[1 ].size_tb = VMALLOC_SIZE_TB;
/*
* Update Physical memory mapping to available and
* add padding if needed ( especially for memory hotplug support ) .
*/
BUG_ON(kaslr_regions[0 ].base != &page_offset_base);
memory_tb = DIV_ROUND_UP(max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, 1 UL << TB_SHIFT) +
CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY_PHYSICAL_PADDING;
/*
* Adapt physical memory region size based on available memory ,
* except when CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA is enabled . P2PDMA exposes the
* device BAR space assuming the direct map space is large enough
* for creating a ZONE_DEVICE mapping in the direct map corresponding
* to the physical BAR address .
*/
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PCI_P2PDMA) && (memory_tb < kaslr_regions[0 ].size_tb))
kaslr_regions[0 ].size_tb = memory_tb;
/*
* Calculate the vmemmap region size in TBs , aligned to a TB
* boundary .
*/
vmemmap_size = (kaslr_regions[0 ].size_tb << (TB_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)) *
sizeof (struct page);
kaslr_regions[2 ].size_tb = DIV_ROUND_UP(vmemmap_size, 1 UL << TB_SHIFT);
/* Calculate entropy available between regions */
remain_entropy = vaddr_end - vaddr_start;
for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions); i++)
remain_entropy -= get_padding(&kaslr_regions[i]);
prandom_seed_state(&rand_state, kaslr_get_random_long("Memory" ));
for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions); i++) {
unsigned long entropy;
/*
* Select a random virtual address using the extra entropy
* available .
*/
entropy = remain_entropy / (ARRAY_SIZE(kaslr_regions) - i);
prandom_bytes_state(&rand_state, &rand, sizeof (rand));
entropy = (rand % (entropy + 1 )) & PUD_MASK;
vaddr += entropy;
*kaslr_regions[i].base = vaddr;
/* Calculate the end of the region */
vaddr += get_padding(&kaslr_regions[i]);
/*
* KASLR trims the maximum possible size of the
* direct - map . Update the direct_map_physmem_end boundary .
* No rounding required as the region starts
* PUD aligned and size is in units of TB .
*/
if (kaslr_regions[i].end)
*kaslr_regions[i].end = __pa_nodebug(vaddr - 1 );
/* Add a minimum padding based on randomization alignment. */
vaddr = round_up(vaddr + 1 , PUD_SIZE);
remain_entropy -= entropy;
}
}
void __meminit init_trampoline_kaslr(void )
{
pud_t *pud_page_tramp, *pud, *pud_tramp;
p4d_t *p4d_page_tramp, *p4d, *p4d_tramp;
unsigned long paddr, vaddr;
pgd_t *pgd;
pud_page_tramp = alloc_low_page();
/*
* There are two mappings for the low 1 MB area , the direct mapping
* and the 1 : 1 mapping for the real mode trampoline :
*
* Direct mapping : virt_addr = phys_addr + PAGE_OFFSET
* 1 : 1 mapping : virt_addr = phys_addr
*/
paddr = 0 ;
vaddr = (unsigned long )__va(paddr);
pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr);
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, vaddr);
pud = pud_offset(p4d, vaddr);
pud_tramp = pud_page_tramp + pud_index(paddr);
*pud_tramp = *pud;
if (pgtable_l5_enabled()) {
p4d_page_tramp = alloc_low_page();
p4d_tramp = p4d_page_tramp + p4d_index(paddr);
set_p4d(p4d_tramp,
__p4d(_KERNPG_TABLE | __pa(pud_page_tramp)));
trampoline_pgd_entry =
__pgd(_KERNPG_TABLE | __pa(p4d_page_tramp));
} else {
trampoline_pgd_entry =
__pgd(_KERNPG_TABLE | __pa(pud_page_tramp));
}
}
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