// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <asm /setup.h>
#include <asm /bios_ebda.h>
/*
* This function reserves all conventional PC system BIOS related
* firmware memory areas ( some of which are data , some of which
* are code ) , that must not be used by the kernel as available
* RAM .
*
* The BIOS places the EBDA / XBDA at the top of conventional
* memory , and usually decreases the reported amount of
* conventional memory ( int 0 x12 ) too .
*
* This means that as a first approximation on most systems we can
* guess the reserved BIOS area by looking at the low BIOS RAM size
* value and assume that everything above that value ( up to 1 MB ) is
* reserved .
*
* But life in firmware country is not that simple :
*
* - This code also contains a quirk for Dell systems that neglect
* to reserve the EBDA area in the ' RAM size ' value . . .
*
* - The same quirk also avoids a problem with the AMD768MPX
* chipset : reserve a page before VGA to prevent PCI prefetch
* into it ( errata # 56 ) . ( Usually the page is reserved anyways ,
* unless you have no PS / 2 mouse plugged in . )
*
* - Plus paravirt systems don ' t have a reliable value in the
* ' BIOS RAM size ' pointer we can rely on , so we must quirk
* them too .
*
* Due to those various problems this function is deliberately
* very conservative and tries to err on the side of reserving
* too much , to not risk reserving too little .
*
* Losing a small amount of memory in the bottom megabyte is
* rarely a problem , as long as we have enough memory to install
* the SMP bootup trampoline which * must * be in this area .
*
* Using memory that is in use by the BIOS or by some DMA device
* the BIOS didn ' t shut down * is * a big problem to the kernel ,
* obviously .
*/
#define BIOS_RAM_SIZE_KB_PTR 0 x413
#define BIOS_START_MIN 0 x20000U /* 128K, less than this is insane */
#define BIOS_START_MAX 0 x9f000U /* 640K, absolute maximum */
void __init reserve_bios_regions(void )
{
unsigned int bios_start, ebda_start;
/*
* NOTE : In a paravirtual environment the BIOS reserved
* area is absent . We ' ll just have to assume that the
* paravirt case can handle memory setup correctly ,
* without our help .
*/
if (!x86_platform.legacy.reserve_bios_regions)
return ;
/*
* BIOS RAM size is encoded in kilobytes , convert it
* to bytes to get a first guess at where the BIOS
* firmware area starts :
*/
bios_start = *(unsigned short *)__va(BIOS_RAM_SIZE_KB_PTR);
bios_start <<= 10 ;
/*
* If bios_start is less than 128 K , assume it is bogus
* and bump it up to 640 K . Similarly , if bios_start is above 640 K ,
* don ' t trust it .
*/
if (bios_start < BIOS_START_MIN || bios_start > BIOS_START_MAX)
bios_start = BIOS_START_MAX;
/* Get the start address of the EBDA page: */
ebda_start = get_bios_ebda();
/*
* If the EBDA start address is sane and is below the BIOS region ,
* then also reserve everything from the EBDA start address up to
* the BIOS region .
*/
if (ebda_start >= BIOS_START_MIN && ebda_start < bios_start)
bios_start = ebda_start;
/* Reserve all memory between bios_start and the 1MB mark: */
memblock_reserve(bios_start, 0 x100000 - bios_start);
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=91 H=67 G=79
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(vorverarbeitet am 2026-10-01)
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