// Copyright 2023 The Fuchsia Authors // // Licensed under a BSD-style license <LICENSE-BSD>, Apache License, Version 2.0 // <LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>, or the MIT // license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. // This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to // those terms.
/// Documents multiple unsafe blocks with a single safety comment. /// /// Invoked as: /// /// ```rust,ignore /// safety_comment! { /// // Non-doc comments come first. /// /// SAFETY: /// /// Safety comment starts on its own line. /// macro_1!(args); /// macro_2! { args }; /// /// SAFETY: /// /// Subsequent safety comments are allowed but not required. /// macro_3! { args }; /// } /// ``` /// /// The macro invocations are emitted, each decorated with the following /// attribute: `#[allow(clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks)]`.
macro_rules! safety_comment {
(#[doc = r" SAFETY:"] $($(#[$attr:meta])* $macro:ident!$args:tt;)*) => { #[allow(clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks, unused_attributes)] const _: () = { $($(#[$attr])* $macro!$args;)* };
}
}
/// Unsafely implements trait(s) for a type. /// /// # Safety /// /// The trait impl must be sound. /// /// When implementing `TryFromBytes`: /// - If no `is_bit_valid` impl is provided, then it must be valid for /// `is_bit_valid` to unconditionally return `true`. In other words, it must /// be the case that any initialized sequence of bytes constitutes a valid /// instance of `$ty`. /// - If an `is_bit_valid` impl is provided, then: /// - Regardless of whether the provided closure takes a `Ptr<$repr>` or /// `&$repr` argument, it must be the case that, given `t: *mut $ty` and /// `let r = t as *mut $repr`, `r` refers to an object of equal or lesser /// size than the object referred to by `t`. /// - If the provided closure takes a `&$repr` argument, then given a `Ptr<'a, /// $ty>` which satisfies the preconditions of /// `TryFromBytes::<$ty>::is_bit_valid`, it must be guaranteed that the /// memory referenced by that `Ptr` always contains a valid `$repr`. /// - The alignment of `$repr` is less than or equal to the alignment of /// `$ty`. /// - The impl of `is_bit_valid` must only return `true` for its argument /// `Ptr<$repr>` if the original `Ptr<$ty>` refers to a valid `$ty`.
macro_rules! unsafe_impl { // Implement `$trait` for `$ty` with no bounds.
($(#[$attr:meta])* $ty:ty: $trait:ident $(; |$candidate:ident: &$repr:ty| $is_bit_valid:expr)?) => {
$(#[$attr])* unsafeimpl $traitfor $ty {
unsafe_impl!(@method $trait $(; |$candidate: &$repr| $is_bit_valid)?);
}
}; // Implement all `$traits` for `$ty` with no bounds.
($ty:ty: $($traits:ident),*) => {
$( unsafe_impl!($ty: $traits); )*
}; // This arm is identical to the following one, except it contains a // preceding `const`. If we attempt to handle these with a single arm, there // is an inherent ambiguity between `const` (the keyword) and `const` (the // ident match for `$tyvar:ident`). // // To explain how this works, consider the following invocation: // // unsafe_impl!(const N: usize, T: ?Sized + Copy => Clone for Foo<T>); // // In this invocation, here are the assignments to meta-variables: // // |---------------|------------| // | Meta-variable | Assignment | // |---------------|------------| // | $constname | N | // | $constty | usize | // | $tyvar | T | // | $optbound | Sized | // | $bound | Copy | // | $trait | Clone | // | $ty | Foo<T> | // |---------------|------------| // // The following arm has the same behavior with the exception of the lack of // support for a leading `const` parameter.
(
$(#[$attr:meta])* const $constname:ident : $constty:ident $(,)?
$($tyvar:ident $(: $(? $optbound:ident $(+)?)* $($bound:ident $(+)?)* )?),*
=> $trait:ident for $ty:ty $(; |$candidate:ident $(: &$ref_repr:ty)? $(: Ptr<$ptr_repr:ty>)?| $is_bit_valid:expr)?
) => {
unsafe_impl!(
@inner
$(#[$attr])*
@const $constname: $constty,
$($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* + $($bound +)*)?,)*
=> $traitfor $ty $(; |$candidate $(: &$ref_repr)? $(: Ptr<$ptr_repr>)?| $is_bit_valid)?
);
};
(
$(#[$attr:meta])*
$($tyvar:ident $(: $(? $optbound:ident $(+)?)* $($bound:ident $(+)?)* )?),*
=> $trait:ident for $ty:ty $(; |$candidate:ident $(: &$ref_repr:ty)? $(: Ptr<$ptr_repr:ty>)?| $is_bit_valid:expr)?
) => {
unsafe_impl!(
@inner
$(#[$attr])*
$($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* + $($bound +)*)?,)*
=> $traitfor $ty $(; |$candidate $(: &$ref_repr)? $(: Ptr<$ptr_repr>)?| $is_bit_valid)?
);
};
(
@inner
$(#[$attr:meta])*
$(@const $constname:ident : $constty:ident,)*
$($tyvar:ident $(: $(? $optbound:ident +)* + $($bound:ident +)* )?,)*
=> $trait:ident for $ty:ty $(; |$candidate:ident $(: &$ref_repr:ty)? $(: Ptr<$ptr_repr:ty>)?| $is_bit_valid:expr)?
) => {
$(#[$attr])* unsafeimpl<$(const $constname: $constty,)* $($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* $($bound +)*)?),*> $traitfor $ty {
unsafe_impl!(@method $trait $(; |$candidate: $(&$ref_repr)? $(Ptr<$ptr_repr>)?| $is_bit_valid)?);
}
};
(@method TryFromBytes ; |$candidate:ident: &$repr:ty| $is_bit_valid:expr) => { #[inline] unsafefn is_bit_valid(candidate: Ptr<'_, Self>) -> bool { // SAFETY: // - The argument to `cast_unsized` is `|p| p as *mut _` as required // by that method's safety precondition. // - The caller has promised that the cast results in an object of // equal or lesser size. // - The caller has promised that `$repr`'s alignment is less than // or equal to `Self`'s alignment. #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let candidate = unsafe { candidate.cast_unsized::<$repr, _>(|p| p as *mut _) }; // SAFETY: // - The caller has promised that the referenced memory region will // contain a valid `$repr` for `'a`. // - The memory may not be referenced by any mutable references. // This is a precondition of `is_bit_valid`. // - The memory may not be mutated even via `UnsafeCell`s. This is a // precondition of `is_bit_valid`. // - There must not exist any references to the same memory region // which contain `UnsafeCell`s at byte ranges which are not // identical to the byte ranges at which `T` contains // `UnsafeCell`s. This is a precondition of `is_bit_valid`. let $candidate: &$repr = unsafe { candidate.as_ref() };
$is_bit_valid
}
};
(@method TryFromBytes ; |$candidate:ident: Ptr<$repr:ty>| $is_bit_valid:expr) => { #[inline] unsafefn is_bit_valid(candidate: Ptr<'_, Self>) -> bool { // SAFETY: // - The argument to `cast_unsized` is `|p| p as *mut _` as required // by that method's safety precondition. // - The caller has promised that the cast results in an object of // equal or lesser size. // - The caller has promised that `$repr`'s alignment is less than // or equal to `Self`'s alignment. #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let $candidate = unsafe { candidate.cast_unsized::<$repr, _>(|p| p as *mut _) };
$is_bit_valid
}
};
(@method TryFromBytes) => { #[inline(always)] unsafefn is_bit_valid(_: Ptr<'_, Self>) -> bool { true } };
(@method $trait:ident) => { #[allow(clippy::missing_inline_in_public_items)] fn only_derive_is_allowed_to_implement_this_trait() {}
};
(@method $trait:ident; |$_candidate:ident $(: &$_ref_repr:ty)? $(: NonNull<$_ptr_repr:ty>)?| $_is_bit_valid:expr) => {
compile_error!("Can't provide `is_bit_valid` impl for trait other than `TryFromBytes`");
};
}
/// Implements a trait for a type, bounding on each memeber of the power set of /// a set of type variables. This is useful for implementing traits for tuples /// or `fn` types. /// /// The last argument is the name of a macro which will be called in every /// `impl` block, and is expected to expand to the name of the type for which to /// implement the trait. /// /// For example, the invocation: /// ```ignore /// unsafe_impl_for_power_set!(A, B => Foo for type!(...)) /// ``` /// ...expands to: /// ```ignore /// unsafe impl Foo for type!() { ... } /// unsafe impl<B> Foo for type!(B) { ... } /// unsafe impl<A, B> Foo for type!(A, B) { ... } /// ```
macro_rules! unsafe_impl_for_power_set {
($first:ident $(, $rest:ident)* $(-> $ret:ident)? => $trait:ident for $macro:ident!(...)) => {
unsafe_impl_for_power_set!($($rest),* $(-> $ret)? => $traitfor $macro!(...));
unsafe_impl_for_power_set!(@impl $first $(, $rest)* $(-> $ret)? => $traitfor $macro!(...));
};
($(-> $ret:ident)? => $trait:ident for $macro:ident!(...)) => {
unsafe_impl_for_power_set!(@impl $(-> $ret)? => $traitfor $macro!(...));
};
(@impl $($vars:ident),* $(-> $ret:ident)? => $trait:ident for $macro:ident!(...)) => { unsafeimpl<$($vars,)* $($ret)?> $traitfor $macro!($($vars),* $(-> $ret)?) { #[allow(clippy::missing_inline_in_public_items)] fn only_derive_is_allowed_to_implement_this_trait() {}
}
};
}
/// Expands to an `Option<extern "C" fn>` type with the given argument types and /// return type. Designed for use with `unsafe_impl_for_power_set`.
macro_rules! opt_extern_c_fn {
($($args:ident),* -> $ret:ident) => { Option<extern"C"fn($($args),*) -> $ret> };
}
/// Expands to a `Option<fn>` type with the given argument types and return /// type. Designed for use with `unsafe_impl_for_power_set`.
macro_rules! opt_fn {
($($args:ident),* -> $ret:ident) => { Option<fn($($args),*) -> $ret> };
}
/// Implements trait(s) for a type or verifies the given implementation by /// referencing an existing (derived) implementation. /// /// This macro exists so that we can provide zerocopy-derive as an optional /// dependency and still get the benefit of using its derives to validate that /// our trait impls are sound. /// /// When compiling without `--cfg 'feature = "derive"` and without `--cfg test`, /// `impl_or_verify!` emits the provided trait impl. When compiling with either /// of those cfgs, it is expected that the type in question is deriving the /// traits instead. In this case, `impl_or_verify!` emits code which validates /// that the given trait impl is at least as restrictive as the the impl emitted /// by the custom derive. This has the effect of confirming that the impl which /// is emitted when the `derive` feature is disabled is actually sound (on the /// assumption that the impl emitted by the custom derive is sound). /// /// The caller is still required to provide a safety comment (e.g. using the /// `safety_comment!` macro) . The reason for this restriction is that, while /// `impl_or_verify!` can guarantee that the provided impl is sound when it is /// compiled with the appropriate cfgs, there is no way to guarantee that it is /// ever compiled with those cfgs. In particular, it would be possible to /// accidentally place an `impl_or_verify!` call in a context that is only ever /// compiled when the `derive` feature is disabled. If that were to happen, /// there would be nothing to prevent an unsound trait impl from being emitted. /// Requiring a safety comment reduces the likelihood of emitting an unsound /// impl in this case, and also provides useful documentation for readers of the /// code. /// /// ## Example /// /// ```rust,ignore /// // Note that these derives are gated by `feature = "derive"` /// #[cfg_attr(any(feature = "derive", test), derive(FromZeroes, FromBytes, AsBytes, Unaligned))] /// #[repr(transparent)] /// struct Wrapper<T>(T); /// /// safety_comment! { /// /// SAFETY: /// /// `Wrapper<T>` is `repr(transparent)`, so it is sound to implement any /// /// zerocopy trait if `T` implements that trait. /// impl_or_verify!(T: FromZeroes => FromZeroes for Wrapper<T>); /// impl_or_verify!(T: FromBytes => FromBytes for Wrapper<T>); /// impl_or_verify!(T: AsBytes => AsBytes for Wrapper<T>); /// impl_or_verify!(T: Unaligned => Unaligned for Wrapper<T>); /// } /// ```
macro_rules! impl_or_verify { // The following two match arms follow the same pattern as their // counterparts in `unsafe_impl!`; see the documentation on those arms for // more details.
( const $constname:ident : $constty:ident $(,)?
$($tyvar:ident $(: $(? $optbound:ident $(+)?)* $($bound:ident $(+)?)* )?),*
=> $trait:ident for $ty:ty
) => {
impl_or_verify!(@impl { unsafe_impl!( const $constname: $constty, $($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* $($bound +)*)?),* => $traitfor $ty
); });
impl_or_verify!(@verify $trait, { impl<const $constname: $constty, $($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* $($bound +)*)?),*> Subtrait for $ty {}
});
};
(
$($tyvar:ident $(: $(? $optbound:ident $(+)?)* $($bound:ident $(+)?)* )?),*
=> $trait:ident for $ty:ty
) => {
impl_or_verify!(@impl { unsafe_impl!(
$($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* $($bound +)*)?),* => $traitfor $ty
); });
impl_or_verify!(@verify $trait, { impl<$($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* $($bound +)*)?),*> Subtrait for $ty {}
});
};
(
$($tyvar:ident $(: $(? $optbound:ident $(+)?)* $($bound:ident $(+)?)* )?),*
=> $trait:ident for $ty:ty
) => {
unsafe_impl!(
@inner
$($tyvar $(: $(? $optbound +)* + $($bound +)*)?,)*
=> $traitfor $ty
);
};
(@impl $impl_block:tt) => { #[cfg(not(any(feature = "derive", test)))] const _: () = { $impl_block };
};
(@verify $trait:ident, $impl_block:tt) => { #[cfg(any(feature = "derive", test))] const _: () = { trait Subtrait: $trait {}
$impl_block
};
};
}
// SAFETY: `.cast` preserves address and provenance. // // TODO(#429): Add documentation to `.cast` that promises that // it preserves provenance. #[inline(always)] fn raw_from_ptr_len(bytes: NonNull<u8>, _elems: usize) -> NonNull<Self> {
bytes.cast::<Self>()
}
}
};
};
}
/// Implements `KnownLayout` for a type in terms of the implementation of /// another type with the same representation. /// /// # Safety /// /// - `$ty` and `$repr` must have the same: /// - Fixed prefix size /// - Alignment /// - (For DSTs) trailing slice element size /// - It must be valid to perform an `as` cast from `*mut $repr` to `*mut $ty`, /// and this operation must preserve referent size (ie, `size_of_val_raw`).
macro_rules! unsafe_impl_known_layout {
($($tyvar:ident: ?Sized + KnownLayout =>)? #[repr($repr:ty)] $ty:ty) => { const _: () = { use core::ptr::NonNull;
const LAYOUT: DstLayout = <$repr as KnownLayout>::LAYOUT;
// SAFETY: All operations preserve address and provenance. // Caller has promised that the `as` cast preserves size. // // TODO(#429): Add documentation to `NonNull::new_unchecked` // that it preserves provenance. #[inline(always)] #[allow(unused_qualifications)] // for `core::ptr::NonNull` fn raw_from_ptr_len(bytes: NonNull<u8>, elems: usize) -> NonNull<Self> { #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let ptr = <$repr>::raw_from_ptr_len(bytes, elems).as_ptr() as *mutSelf; // SAFETY: `ptr` was converted from `bytes`, which is non-null. unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr) }
}
}
};
};
}
/// Uses `align_of` to confirm that a type or set of types have alignment 1. /// /// Note that `align_of<T>` requires `T: Sized`, so this macro doesn't work for /// unsized types.
macro_rules! assert_unaligned {
($ty:ty) => { // We only compile this assertion under `cfg(test)` to avoid taking an // extra non-dev dependency (and making this crate more expensive to // compile for our dependents). #[cfg(test)]
static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(core::mem::align_of::<$ty>(), 1);
};
($($ty:ty),*) => {
$(assert_unaligned!($ty);)*
};
}
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