// Copyright 2022 The Fuchsia Authors // // Licensed under a BSD-style license <LICENSE-BSD>, Apache License, Version 2.0 // <LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>, or the MIT // license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. // This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to // those terms.
//! Utilities used by macros and by `zerocopy-derive`. //! //! These are defined here `zerocopy` rather than in code generated by macros or //! by `zerocopy-derive` so that they can be compiled once rather than //! recompiled for every invocation (e.g., if they were defined in generated //! code, then deriving `AsBytes` and `FromBytes` on three different types would //! result in the code in question being emitted and compiled six different //! times).
#![allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
use core::{marker::PhantomData, mem::ManuallyDrop};
// TODO(#29), TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove this // `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHLTY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
/// A compile-time check that should be one particular value. pubtrait ShouldBe<const VALUE: bool> {}
/// A struct for checking whether `T` contains padding. pubstruct HasPadding<T: ?Sized, const VALUE: bool>(PhantomData<T>);
impl<T: ?Sized, const VALUE: bool> ShouldBe<VALUE> for HasPadding<T, VALUE> {}
/// A type whose size is equal to `align_of::<T>()`. #[repr(C)] pubstruct AlignOf<T> { // This field ensures that: // - The size is always at least 1 (the minimum possible alignment). // - If the alignment is greater than 1, Rust has to round up to the next // multiple of it in order to make sure that `Align`'s size is a multiple // of that alignment. Without this field, its size could be 0, which is a // valid multiple of any alignment.
_u: u8,
_a: [T; 0],
}
impl<T> AlignOf<T> { #[inline(never)] // Make `missing_inline_in_public_items` happy. pubfn into_t(self) -> T {
unreachable!()
}
}
/// A type whose size is equal to `max(align_of::<T>(), align_of::<U>())`. #[repr(C)] pub union MaxAlignsOf<T, U> {
_t: ManuallyDrop<AlignOf<T>>,
_u: ManuallyDrop<AlignOf<U>>,
}
// TODO(#29), TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove this // `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHLTY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[repr(C, align(65536))] struct Aligned64kAllocation([u8; _64K]);
/// A pointer to an aligned allocation of size 2^16. /// /// # Safety /// /// `ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION` is guaranteed to point to the entirety of an /// allocation with size and alignment 2^16, and to have valid provenance. // TODO(#29), TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove this // `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHLTY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] pubconst ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION: NonNull<[u8]> = { constREF: &Aligned64kAllocation = &Aligned64kAllocation([0; _64K]); let ptr: *const Aligned64kAllocation = REF; let ptr: *const [u8] = ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(ptr.cast(), _64K); // SAFETY: // - `ptr` is derived from a Rust reference, which is guaranteed to be // non-null. // - `ptr` is derived from an `&Aligned64kAllocation`, which has size and // alignment `_64K` as promised. Its length is initialized to `_64K`, // which means that it refers to the entire allocation. // - `ptr` is derived from a Rust reference, which is guaranteed to have // valid provenance. // // TODO(#429): Once `NonNull::new_unchecked` docs document that it preserves // provenance, cite those docs. // TODO: Replace this `as` with `ptr.cast_mut()` once our MSRV >= 1.65 #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] unsafe {
NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr as *mut _)
}
};
/// Computes the offset of the base of the field `$trailing_field_name` within /// the type `$ty`. /// /// `trailing_field_offset!` produces code which is valid in a `const` context. // TODO(#29), TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove this // `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHLTY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! trailing_field_offset {
($ty:ty, $trailing_field_name:tt) => {{ let min_size = { let zero_elems: *const [()] =
$crate::macro_util::core_reexport::ptr::slice_from_raw_parts(
$crate::macro_util::core_reexport::ptr::NonNull::<()>::dangling()
.as_ptr()
.cast_const(), 0,
); // SAFETY: // - If `$ty` is `Sized`, `size_of_val_raw` is always safe to call. // - Otherwise: // - If `$ty` is not a slice DST, this pointer conversion will // fail due to "mismatched vtable kinds", and compilation will // fail. // - If `$ty` is a slice DST, the safety requirement is that "the // length of the slice tail must be an initialized integer, and // the size of the entire value (dynamic tail length + // statically sized prefix) must fit in isize." The length is // initialized to 0 above, and Rust guarantees that no type's // minimum size may overflow `isize`. [1] // // [1] TODO(#429), // TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/issues/465#issuecomment-1782206516): // Citation for this? unsafe { #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)]
$crate::macro_util::core_reexport::mem::size_of_val_raw(zero_elems as *const $ty)
}
};
assert!(min_size <= _64K);
#[allow(clippy::as_conversions)] let ptr = ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION.as_ptr() as *const $ty;
// SAFETY: // - Thanks to the preceding `assert!`, we know that the value with zero // elements fits in `_64K` bytes, and thus in the allocation addressed // by `ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION`. The offset of the trailing field is // guaranteed to be no larger than this size, so this field projection // is guaranteed to remain in-bounds of its allocation. // - Because the minimum size is no larger than `_64K` bytes, and // because an object's size must always be a multiple of its alignment // [1], we know that `$ty`'s alignment is no larger than `_64K`. The // allocation addressed by `ALIGNED_64K_ALLOCATION` is guaranteed to // be aligned to `_64K`, so `ptr` is guaranteed to satisfy `$ty`'s // alignment. // // Note that, as of [2], this requirement is technically unnecessary // for Rust versions >= 1.75.0, but no harm in guaranteeing it anyway // until we bump our MSRV. // // [1] Per https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html: // // The size of a value is always a multiple of its alignment. // // [2] https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/pull/1387 let field = unsafe {
$crate::macro_util::core_reexport::ptr::addr_of!((*ptr).$trailing_field_name)
}; // SAFETY: // - Both `ptr` and `field` are derived from the same allocated object. // - By the preceding safety comment, `field` is in bounds of that // allocated object. // - The distance, in bytes, between `ptr` and `field` is required to be // a multiple of the size of `u8`, which is trivially true because // `u8`'s size is 1. // - The distance, in bytes, cannot overflow `isize`. This is guaranteed // because no allocated object can have a size larger than can fit in // `isize`. [1] // - The distance being in-bounds cannot rely on wrapping around the // address space. This is guaranteed because the same is guaranteed of // allocated objects. [1] // // [1] TODO(#429), TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/116675): // Once these are guaranteed in the Reference, cite it. let offset = unsafe { field.cast::<u8>().offset_from(ptr.cast::<u8>()) }; // Guaranteed not to be lossy: `field` comes after `ptr`, so the offset // from `ptr` to `field` is guaranteed to be positive.
assert!(offset >= 0);
Some( #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)]
{
offset as usize
},
)
}};
}
/// Computes alignment of `$ty: ?Sized`. /// /// `align_of!` produces code which is valid in a `const` context. // TODO(#29), TODO(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69835): Remove this // `cfg` when `size_of_val_raw` is stabilized. #[cfg(__INTERNAL_USE_ONLY_NIGHLTY_FEATURES_IN_TESTS)] #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! align_of {
($ty:ty) => {{ // SAFETY: `OffsetOfTrailingIsAlignment` is `repr(C)`, and its layout is // guaranteed [1] to begin with the single-byte layout for `_byte`, // followed by the padding needed to align `_trailing`, then the layout // for `_trailing`, and finally any trailing padding bytes needed to // correctly-align the entire struct. // // This macro computes the alignment of `$ty` by counting the number of // bytes preceeding `_trailing`. For instance, if the alignment of `$ty` // is `1`, then no padding is required align `_trailing` and it will be // located immediately after `_byte` at offset 1. If the alignment of // `$ty` is 2, then a single padding byte is required before // `_trailing`, and `_trailing` will be located at offset 2.
// This correspondence between offset and alignment holds for all valid // Rust alignments, and we confirm this exhaustively (or, at least up to // the maximum alignment supported by `trailing_field_offset!`) in // `test_align_of_dst`. // // [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/other-reprs.html#reprc
/// Does the struct type `$t` have padding? /// /// `$ts` is the list of the type of every field in `$t`. `$t` must be a /// struct type, or else `struct_has_padding!`'s result may be meaningless. /// /// Note that `struct_has_padding!`'s results are independent of `repr` since /// they only consider the size of the type and the sizes of the fields. /// Whatever the repr, the size of the type already takes into account any /// padding that the compiler has decided to add. Structs with well-defined /// representations (such as `repr(C)`) can use this macro to check for padding. /// Note that while this may yield some consistent value for some `repr(Rust)` /// structs, it is not guaranteed across platforms or compilations. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! struct_has_padding {
($t:ty, $($ts:ty),*) => {
core::mem::size_of::<$t>() > 0 $(+ core::mem::size_of::<$ts>())*
};
}
/// Does the union type `$t` have padding? /// /// `$ts` is the list of the type of every field in `$t`. `$t` must be a /// union type, or else `union_has_padding!`'s result may be meaningless. /// /// Note that `union_has_padding!`'s results are independent of `repr` since /// they only consider the size of the type and the sizes of the fields. /// Whatever the repr, the size of the type already takes into account any /// padding that the compiler has decided to add. Unions with well-defined /// representations (such as `repr(C)`) can use this macro to check for padding. /// Note that while this may yield some consistent value for some `repr(Rust)` /// unions, it is not guaranteed across platforms or compilations. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! union_has_padding {
($t:ty, $($ts:ty),*) => { false $(|| core::mem::size_of::<$t>() != core::mem::size_of::<$ts>())*
};
}
/// Does `t` have alignment greater than or equal to `u`? If not, this macro /// produces a compile error. It must be invoked in a dead codepath. This is /// used in `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! assert_align_gt_eq {
($t:ident, $u: ident) => {{ // The comments here should be read in the context of this macro's // invocations in `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. iffalse { // The type wildcard in this bound is inferred to be `T` because // `align_of.into_t()` is assigned to `t` (which has type `T`). let align_of: $crate::macro_util::AlignOf<_> = unreachable!();
$t = align_of.into_t(); // `max_aligns` is inferred to have type `MaxAlignsOf<T, U>` because // of the inferred types of `t` and `u`. letmut max_aligns = $crate::macro_util::MaxAlignsOf::new($t, $u);
// This transmute will only compile successfully if // `align_of::<T>() == max(align_of::<T>(), align_of::<U>())` - in // other words, if `align_of::<T>() >= align_of::<U>()`. // // SAFETY: This code is never run.
max_aligns = unsafe { $crate::macro_util::core_reexport::mem::transmute(align_of) };
} else { loop {}
}
}};
}
/// Do `t` and `u` have the same size? If not, this macro produces a compile /// error. It must be invoked in a dead codepath. This is used in /// `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. #[doc(hidden)] // `#[macro_export]` bypasses this module's `#[doc(hidden)]`. #[macro_export]
macro_rules! assert_size_eq {
($t:ident, $u: ident) => {{ // The comments here should be read in the context of this macro's // invocations in `transmute_ref!` and `transmute_mut!`. iffalse { // SAFETY: This code is never run.
$u = unsafe { // Clippy: It's okay to transmute a type to itself. #[allow(clippy::useless_transmute)]
$crate::macro_util::core_reexport::mem::transmute($t)
};
} else { loop {}
}
}};
}
/// Transmutes a reference of one type to a reference of another type. /// /// # Safety /// /// The caller must guarantee that: /// - `Src: AsBytes` /// - `Dst: FromBytes` /// - `size_of::<Src>() == size_of::<Dst>()` /// - `align_of::<Src>() >= align_of::<Dst>()` #[inline(always)] pubconstunsafefn transmute_ref<'dst, 'src: 'dst, Src: 'src, Dst: 'dst>(
src: &'src Src,
) -> &'dst Dst { let src: *const Src = src; let dst = src.cast::<Dst>(); // SAFETY: // - We know that it is sound to view the target type of the input reference // (`Src`) as the target type of the output reference (`Dst`) because the // caller has guaranteed that `Src: AsBytes`, `Dst: FromBytes`, and // `size_of::<Src>() == size_of::<Dst>()`. // - We know that there are no `UnsafeCell`s, and thus we don't have to // worry about `UnsafeCell` overlap, because `Src: AsBytes` and `Dst: // FromBytes` both forbid `UnsafeCell`s. // - The caller has guaranteed that alignment is not increased. // - We know that the returned lifetime will not outlive the input lifetime // thanks to the lifetime bounds on this function. unsafe { &*dst }
}
/// Transmutes a mutable reference of one type to a mutable reference of another /// type. /// /// # Safety /// /// The caller must guarantee that: /// - `Src: FromBytes + AsBytes` /// - `Dst: FromBytes + AsBytes` /// - `size_of::<Src>() == size_of::<Dst>()` /// - `align_of::<Src>() >= align_of::<Dst>()` #[inline(always)] pubunsafefn transmute_mut<'dst, 'src: 'dst, Src: 'src, Dst: 'dst>(
src: &'src mut Src,
) -> &'dst mut Dst { let src: *mut Src = src; let dst = src.cast::<Dst>(); // SAFETY: // - We know that it is sound to view the target type of the input reference // (`Src`) as the target type of the output reference (`Dst`) and // vice-versa because the caller has guaranteed that `Src: FromBytes + // AsBytes`, `Dst: FromBytes + AsBytes`, and `size_of::<Src>() == // size_of::<Dst>()`. // - We know that there are no `UnsafeCell`s, and thus we don't have to // worry about `UnsafeCell` overlap, because `Src: FromBytes + AsBytes` // and `Dst: FromBytes + AsBytes` forbid `UnsafeCell`s. // - The caller has guaranteed that alignment is not increased. // - We know that the returned lifetime will not outlive the input lifetime // thanks to the lifetime bounds on this function. unsafe { &mut *dst }
}
// NOTE: We can't change this to a `pub use core as core_reexport` until [1] is // fixed or we update to a semver-breaking version (as of this writing, 0.8.0) // on the `main` branch. // // [1] https://github.com/obi1kenobi/cargo-semver-checks/issues/573 pubmod core_reexport { pubuse core::*;
test!(#[repr(C)] (u8, AU64) => true); // Rust won't let you put `#[repr(packed)]` on a type which contains a // `#[repr(align(n > 1))]` type (`AU64`), so we have to use `u64` here. // It's not ideal, but it definitely has align > 1 on /some/ of our CI // targets, and this isn't a particularly complex macro we're testing // anyway.
test!(#[repr(packed)] (u8, u64) => false);
}
#[test] fn test_union_has_padding() { // Test that, for each provided repr, `union_has_padding!` reports the // expected value.
macro_rules! test {
(#[$cfg:meta] {$($fs:ident: $ts:ty),*} => $expect:expr) => {{ #[$cfg] #[allow(unused)] // fields are never read
union Test{ $($fs: $ts),* }
assert_eq!(union_has_padding!(Test, $($ts),*), $expect);
}};
(#[$cfg:meta] $(#[$cfgs:meta])* {$($fs:ident: $ts:ty),*} => $expect:expr) => {
test!(#[$cfg] {$($fs: $ts),*} => $expect);
test!($(#[$cfgs])* {$($fs: $ts),*} => $expect);
};
}
// Rust won't let you put `#[repr(packed)]` on a type which contains a // `#[repr(align(n > 1))]` type (`AU64`), so we have to use `u64` here. // It's not ideal, but it definitely has align > 1 on /some/ of our CI // targets, and this isn't a particularly complex macro we're testing // anyway.
test!(#[repr(C)] #[repr(packed)] {a: u8, b: u64} => true);
}
}
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