/// A trait for visiting an abstract syntax tree (AST) in depth first order. /// /// The principle aim of this trait is to enable callers to perform case /// analysis on an abstract syntax tree without necessarily using recursion. /// In particular, this permits callers to do case analysis with constant stack /// usage, which can be important since the size of an abstract syntax tree /// may be proportional to end user input. /// /// Typical usage of this trait involves providing an implementation and then /// running it using the [`visit`] function. /// /// Note that the abstract syntax tree for a regular expression is quite /// complex. Unless you specifically need it, you might be able to use the much /// simpler [high-level intermediate representation](crate::hir::Hir) and its /// [corresponding `Visitor` trait](crate::hir::Visitor) instead. pubtrait Visitor { /// The result of visiting an AST. type Output; /// An error that visiting an AST might return. type Err;
/// All implementors of `Visitor` must provide a `finish` method, which /// yields the result of visiting the AST or an error. fn finish(self) -> Result<Self::Output, Self::Err>;
/// This method is called before beginning traversal of the AST. fn start(&mutself) {}
/// This method is called on an `Ast` before descending into child `Ast` /// nodes. fn visit_pre(&mutself, _ast: &Ast) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called on an `Ast` after descending all of its child /// `Ast` nodes. fn visit_post(&mutself, _ast: &Ast) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called between child nodes of an /// [`Alternation`](ast::Alternation). fn visit_alternation_in(&mutself) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called between child nodes of a concatenation. fn visit_concat_in(&mutself) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called on every [`ClassSetItem`](ast::ClassSetItem) /// before descending into child nodes. fn visit_class_set_item_pre(
&mutself,
_ast: &ast::ClassSetItem,
) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called on every [`ClassSetItem`](ast::ClassSetItem) /// after descending into child nodes. fn visit_class_set_item_post(
&mutself,
_ast: &ast::ClassSetItem,
) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called on every /// [`ClassSetBinaryOp`](ast::ClassSetBinaryOp) before descending into /// child nodes. fn visit_class_set_binary_op_pre(
&mutself,
_ast: &ast::ClassSetBinaryOp,
) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called on every /// [`ClassSetBinaryOp`](ast::ClassSetBinaryOp) after descending into child /// nodes. fn visit_class_set_binary_op_post(
&mutself,
_ast: &ast::ClassSetBinaryOp,
) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
/// This method is called between the left hand and right hand child nodes /// of a [`ClassSetBinaryOp`](ast::ClassSetBinaryOp). fn visit_class_set_binary_op_in(
&mutself,
_ast: &ast::ClassSetBinaryOp,
) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
Ok(())
}
}
/// Executes an implementation of `Visitor` in constant stack space. /// /// This function will visit every node in the given `Ast` while calling the /// appropriate methods provided by the [`Visitor`] trait. /// /// The primary use case for this method is when one wants to perform case /// analysis over an `Ast` without using a stack size proportional to the depth /// of the `Ast`. Namely, this method will instead use constant stack size, but /// will use heap space proportional to the size of the `Ast`. This may be /// desirable in cases where the size of `Ast` is proportional to end user /// input. /// /// If the visitor returns an error at any point, then visiting is stopped and /// the error is returned. pubfn visit<V: Visitor>(ast: &Ast, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Output, V::Err> {
HeapVisitor::new().visit(ast, visitor)
}
/// HeapVisitor visits every item in an `Ast` recursively using constant stack /// size and a heap size proportional to the size of the `Ast`. struct HeapVisitor<'a> { /// A stack of `Ast` nodes. This is roughly analogous to the call stack /// used in a typical recursive visitor.
stack: Vec<(&'a Ast, Frame<'a>)>, /// Similar to the `Ast` stack above, but is used only for character /// classes. In particular, character classes embed their own mini /// recursive syntax.
stack_class: Vec<(ClassInduct<'a>, ClassFrame<'a>)>,
}
/// Represents a single stack frame while performing structural induction over /// an `Ast`. enum Frame<'a> { /// A stack frame allocated just before descending into a repetition /// operator's child node.
Repetition(&'a ast::Repetition), /// A stack frame allocated just before descending into a group's child /// node.
Group(&'a ast::Group), /// The stack frame used while visiting every child node of a concatenation /// of expressions.
Concat { /// The child node we are currently visiting.
head: &'a Ast, /// The remaining child nodes to visit (which may be empty).
tail: &'a [Ast],
}, /// The stack frame used while visiting every child node of an alternation /// of expressions.
Alternation { /// The child node we are currently visiting.
head: &'a Ast, /// The remaining child nodes to visit (which may be empty).
tail: &'a [Ast],
},
}
/// Represents a single stack frame while performing structural induction over /// a character class. enum ClassFrame<'a> { /// The stack frame used while visiting every child node of a union of /// character class items.
Union { /// The child node we are currently visiting.
head: &'a ast::ClassSetItem, /// The remaining child nodes to visit (which may be empty).
tail: &'a [ast::ClassSetItem],
}, /// The stack frame used while a binary class operation.
Binary { op: &'a ast::ClassSetBinaryOp }, /// A stack frame allocated just before descending into a binary operator's /// left hand child node.
BinaryLHS {
op: &'a ast::ClassSetBinaryOp,
lhs: &'a ast::ClassSet,
rhs: &'a ast::ClassSet,
}, /// A stack frame allocated just before descending into a binary operator's /// right hand child node.
BinaryRHS { op: &'a ast::ClassSetBinaryOp, rhs: &'a ast::ClassSet },
}
/// A representation of the inductive step when performing structural induction /// over a character class. /// /// Note that there is no analogous explicit type for the inductive step for /// `Ast` nodes because the inductive step is just an `Ast`. For character /// classes, the inductive step can produce one of two possible child nodes: /// an item or a binary operation. (An item cannot be a binary operation /// because that would imply binary operations can be unioned in the concrete /// syntax, which is not possible.) enum ClassInduct<'a> {
Item(&'a ast::ClassSetItem),
BinaryOp(&'a ast::ClassSetBinaryOp),
}
visitor.start(); loop {
visitor.visit_pre(ast)?; iflet Some(x) = self.induct(ast, &mut visitor)? { let child = x.child(); self.stack.push((ast, x));
ast = child; continue;
} // No induction means we have a base case, so we can post visit // it now.
visitor.visit_post(ast)?;
// At this point, we now try to pop our call stack until it is // either empty or we hit another inductive case. loop { let (post_ast, frame) = matchself.stack.pop() {
None => return visitor.finish(),
Some((post_ast, frame)) => (post_ast, frame),
}; // If this is a concat/alternate, then we might have additional // inductive steps to process. iflet Some(x) = self.pop(frame) { match x {
Frame::Alternation { .. } => {
visitor.visit_alternation_in()?;
}
Frame::Concat { .. } => {
visitor.visit_concat_in()?;
}
_ => {}
}
ast = x.child(); self.stack.push((post_ast, x)); break;
} // Otherwise, we've finished visiting all the child nodes for // this AST, so we can post visit it now.
visitor.visit_post(post_ast)?;
}
}
}
/// Build a stack frame for the given AST if one is needed (which occurs if /// and only if there are child nodes in the AST). Otherwise, return None. /// /// If this visits a class, then the underlying visitor implementation may /// return an error which will be passed on here. fn induct<V: Visitor>(
&mutself,
ast: &'a Ast,
visitor: &mut V,
) -> Result<Option<Frame<'a>>, V::Err> {
Ok(match *ast {
Ast::Class(ast::Class::Bracketed(ref x)) => { self.visit_class(x, visitor)?;
None
}
Ast::Repetition(ref x) => Some(Frame::Repetition(x)),
Ast::Group(ref x) => Some(Frame::Group(x)),
Ast::Concat(ref x) if x.asts.is_empty() => None,
Ast::Concat(ref x) => {
Some(Frame::Concat { head: &x.asts[0], tail: &x.asts[1..] })
}
Ast::Alternation(ref x) if x.asts.is_empty() => None,
Ast::Alternation(ref x) => Some(Frame::Alternation {
head: &x.asts[0],
tail: &x.asts[1..],
}),
_ => None,
})
}
/// Pops the given frame. If the frame has an additional inductive step, /// then return it, otherwise return `None`. fn pop(&self, induct: Frame<'a>) -> Option<Frame<'a>> { match induct {
Frame::Repetition(_) => None,
Frame::Group(_) => None,
Frame::Concat { tail, .. } => { if tail.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(Frame::Concat { head: &tail[0], tail: &tail[1..] })
}
}
Frame::Alternation { tail, .. } => { if tail.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(Frame::Alternation {
head: &tail[0],
tail: &tail[1..],
})
}
}
}
}
// At this point, we now try to pop our call stack until it is // either empty or we hit another inductive case. loop { let (post_ast, frame) = matchself.stack_class.pop() {
None => return Ok(()),
Some((post_ast, frame)) => (post_ast, frame),
}; // If this is a union or a binary op, then we might have // additional inductive steps to process. iflet Some(x) = self.pop_class(frame) { iflet ClassFrame::BinaryRHS { ref op, .. } = x {
visitor.visit_class_set_binary_op_in(op)?;
}
ast = x.child(); self.stack_class.push((post_ast, x)); break;
} // Otherwise, we've finished visiting all the child nodes for // this class node, so we can post visit it now. self.visit_class_post(&post_ast, visitor)?;
}
}
}
/// Call the appropriate `Visitor` methods given an inductive step. fn visit_class_pre<V: Visitor>(
&self,
ast: &ClassInduct<'a>,
visitor: &mut V,
) -> Result<(), V::Err> { match *ast {
ClassInduct::Item(item) => {
visitor.visit_class_set_item_pre(item)?;
}
ClassInduct::BinaryOp(op) => {
visitor.visit_class_set_binary_op_pre(op)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// Call the appropriate `Visitor` methods given an inductive step. fn visit_class_post<V: Visitor>(
&self,
ast: &ClassInduct<'a>,
visitor: &mut V,
) -> Result<(), V::Err> { match *ast {
ClassInduct::Item(item) => {
visitor.visit_class_set_item_post(item)?;
}
ClassInduct::BinaryOp(op) => {
visitor.visit_class_set_binary_op_post(op)?;
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// Build a stack frame for the given class node if one is needed (which /// occurs if and only if there are child nodes). Otherwise, return None. fn induct_class(&self, ast: &ClassInduct<'a>) -> Option<ClassFrame<'a>> { match *ast {
ClassInduct::Item(&ast::ClassSetItem::Bracketed(ref x)) => { match x.kind {
ast::ClassSet::Item(ref item) => {
Some(ClassFrame::Union { head: item, tail: &[] })
}
ast::ClassSet::BinaryOp(ref op) => {
Some(ClassFrame::Binary { op })
}
}
}
ClassInduct::Item(&ast::ClassSetItem::Union(ref x)) => { if x.items.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(ClassFrame::Union {
head: &x.items[0],
tail: &x.items[1..],
})
}
}
ClassInduct::BinaryOp(op) => {
Some(ClassFrame::BinaryLHS { op, lhs: &op.lhs, rhs: &op.rhs })
}
_ => None,
}
}
/// Pops the given frame. If the frame has an additional inductive step, /// then return it, otherwise return `None`. fn pop_class(&self, induct: ClassFrame<'a>) -> Option<ClassFrame<'a>> { match induct {
ClassFrame::Union { tail, .. } => { if tail.is_empty() {
None
} else {
Some(ClassFrame::Union {
head: &tail[0],
tail: &tail[1..],
})
}
}
ClassFrame::Binary { .. } => None,
ClassFrame::BinaryLHS { op, rhs, .. } => {
Some(ClassFrame::BinaryRHS { op, rhs })
}
ClassFrame::BinaryRHS { .. } => None,
}
}
}
impl<'a> Frame<'a> { /// Perform the next inductive step on this frame and return the next /// child AST node to visit. fn child(&self) -> &'a Ast { match *self {
Frame::Repetition(rep) => &rep.ast,
Frame::Group(group) => &group.ast,
Frame::Concat { head, .. } => head,
Frame::Alternation { head, .. } => head,
}
}
}
impl<'a> ClassFrame<'a> { /// Perform the next inductive step on this frame and return the next /// child class node to visit. fn child(&self) -> ClassInduct<'a> { match *self {
ClassFrame::Union { head, .. } => ClassInduct::Item(head),
ClassFrame::Binary { op, .. } => ClassInduct::BinaryOp(op),
ClassFrame::BinaryLHS { ref lhs, .. } => {
ClassInduct::from_set(lhs)
}
ClassFrame::BinaryRHS { ref rhs, .. } => {
ClassInduct::from_set(rhs)
}
}
}
}
Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden
nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit,
noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.
Bemerkung:
Die farbliche Syntaxdarstellung und die Messung sind noch experimentell.