// This module contains a couple simple and purpose built hash maps. The key // trade off they make is that they serve as caches rather than true maps. That // is, inserting a new entry may cause eviction of another entry. This gives // us two things. First, there's less overhead associated with inserts and // lookups. Secondly, it lets us control our memory usage. // // These maps are used in some fairly hot code when generating NFA states for // large Unicode character classes. // // Instead of exposing a rich hashmap entry API, we just permit the caller to // produce a hash of the key directly. The hash can then be reused for both // lookups and insertions at the cost of leaking abstraction a bit. But these // are for internal use only, so it's fine. // // The Utf8BoundedMap is used for Daciuk's algorithm for constructing a // (almost) minimal DFA for large Unicode character classes in linear time. // (Daciuk's algorithm is always used when compiling forward NFAs. For reverse // NFAs, it's only used when the compiler is configured to 'shrink' the NFA, // since there's a bit more expense in the reverse direction.) // // The Utf8SuffixMap is used when compiling large Unicode character classes for // reverse NFAs when 'shrink' is disabled. Specifically, it augments the naive // construction of UTF-8 automata by caching common suffixes. This doesn't // get the same space savings as Daciuk's algorithm, but it's basically as // fast as the naive approach and typically winds up using less memory (since // it generates smaller NFAs) despite the presence of the cache. // // These maps effectively represent caching mechanisms for sparse and // byte-range NFA states, respectively. The former represents a single NFA // state with many transitions of equivalent priority while the latter // represents a single NFA state with a single transition. (Neither state ever // has or is an epsilon transition.) Thus, they have different key types. It's // likely we could make one generic map, but the machinery didn't seem worth // it. They are simple enough.
/// A bounded hash map where the key is a sequence of NFA transitions and the /// value is a pre-existing NFA state ID. /// /// std's hashmap can be used for this, however, this map has two important /// advantages. Firstly, it has lower overhead. Secondly, it permits us to /// control our memory usage by limited the number of slots. In general, the /// cost here is that this map acts as a cache. That is, inserting a new entry /// may remove an old entry. We are okay with this, since it does not impact /// correctness in the cases where it is used. The only effect that dropping /// states from the cache has is that the resulting NFA generated may be bigger /// than it otherwise would be. /// /// This improves benchmarks that compile large Unicode character classes, /// since it makes the generation of (almost) minimal UTF-8 automaton faster. /// Specifically, one could observe the difference with std's hashmap via /// something like the following benchmark: /// /// hyperfine "regex-cli debug nfa thompson --quiet --reverse '\w{90} ecurB'" /// /// But to observe that difference, you'd have to modify the code to use /// std's hashmap. /// /// It is quite possible that there is a better way to approach this problem. /// For example, if there happens to be a very common state that collides with /// a lot of less frequent states, then we could wind up with very poor caching /// behavior. Alas, the effectiveness of this cache has not been measured. /// Instead, ad hoc experiments suggest that it is "good enough." Additional /// smarts (such as an LRU eviction policy) have to be weighed against the /// amount of extra time they cost. #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pubstruct Utf8BoundedMap { /// The current version of this map. Only entries with matching versions /// are considered during lookups. If an entry is found with a mismatched /// version, then the map behaves as if the entry does not exist. /// /// This makes it possible to clear the map by simply incrementing the /// version number instead of actually deallocating any storage.
version: u16, /// The total number of entries this map can store.
capacity: usize, /// The actual entries, keyed by hash. Collisions between different states /// result in the old state being dropped.
map: Vec<Utf8BoundedEntry>,
}
/// An entry in this map. #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)] struct Utf8BoundedEntry { /// The version of the map used to produce this entry. If this entry's /// version does not match the current version of the map, then the map /// should behave as if this entry does not exist.
version: u16, /// The key, which is a sorted sequence of non-overlapping NFA transitions.
key: Vec<Transition>, /// The state ID corresponding to the state containing the transitions in /// this entry.
val: StateID,
}
impl Utf8BoundedMap { /// Create a new bounded map with the given capacity. The map will never /// grow beyond the given size. /// /// Note that this does not allocate. Instead, callers must call `clear` /// before using this map. `clear` will allocate space if necessary. /// /// This avoids the need to pay for the allocation of this map when /// compiling regexes that lack large Unicode character classes. pubfn new(capacity: usize) -> Utf8BoundedMap {
assert!(capacity > 0);
Utf8BoundedMap { version: 0, capacity, map: vec![] }
}
/// Clear this map of all entries, but permit the reuse of allocation /// if possible. /// /// This must be called before the map can be used. pubfn clear(&mutself) { ifself.map.is_empty() { self.map = vec![Utf8BoundedEntry::default(); self.capacity];
} else { self.version = self.version.wrapping_add(1); // If we loop back to version 0, then we forcefully clear the // entire map. Otherwise, it might be possible to incorrectly // match entries used to generate other NFAs. ifself.version == 0 { self.map = vec![Utf8BoundedEntry::default(); self.capacity];
}
}
}
/// Return a hash of the given transitions. pubfn hash(&self, key: &[Transition]) -> usize { letmut h = INIT; for t in key {
h = (h ^ u64::from(t.start)).wrapping_mul(PRIME);
h = (h ^ u64::from(t.end)).wrapping_mul(PRIME);
h = (h ^ t.next.as_u64()).wrapping_mul(PRIME);
}
(h % self.map.len().as_u64()).as_usize()
}
/// Retrieve the cached state ID corresponding to the given key. The hash /// given must have been computed with `hash` using the same key value. /// /// If there is no cached state with the given transitions, then None is /// returned. pubfn get(&mutself, key: &[Transition], hash: usize) -> Option<StateID> { let entry = &self.map[hash]; if entry.version != self.version { return None;
} // There may be a hash collision, so we need to confirm real equality. if entry.key != key { return None;
}
Some(entry.val)
}
/// Add a cached state to this map with the given key. Callers should /// ensure that `state_id` points to a state that contains precisely the /// NFA transitions given. /// /// `hash` must have been computed using the `hash` method with the same /// key. pubfn set(
&mutself,
key: Vec<Transition>,
hash: usize,
state_id: StateID,
) { self.map[hash] =
Utf8BoundedEntry { version: self.version, key, val: state_id };
}
}
/// A cache of suffixes used to modestly compress UTF-8 automata for large /// Unicode character classes. #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pubstruct Utf8SuffixMap { /// The current version of this map. Only entries with matching versions /// are considered during lookups. If an entry is found with a mismatched /// version, then the map behaves as if the entry does not exist.
version: u16, /// The total number of entries this map can store.
capacity: usize, /// The actual entries, keyed by hash. Collisions between different states /// result in the old state being dropped.
map: Vec<Utf8SuffixEntry>,
}
/// A key that uniquely identifies an NFA state. It is a triple that represents /// a transition from one state for a particular byte range. #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)] pubstruct Utf8SuffixKey { pub from: StateID, pub start: u8, pub end: u8,
}
/// An entry in this map. #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)] struct Utf8SuffixEntry { /// The version of the map used to produce this entry. If this entry's /// version does not match the current version of the map, then the map /// should behave as if this entry does not exist.
version: u16, /// The key, which consists of a transition in a particular state.
key: Utf8SuffixKey, /// The identifier that the transition in the key maps to.
val: StateID,
}
impl Utf8SuffixMap { /// Create a new bounded map with the given capacity. The map will never /// grow beyond the given size. /// /// Note that this does not allocate. Instead, callers must call `clear` /// before using this map. `clear` will allocate space if necessary. /// /// This avoids the need to pay for the allocation of this map when /// compiling regexes that lack large Unicode character classes. pubfn new(capacity: usize) -> Utf8SuffixMap {
assert!(capacity > 0);
Utf8SuffixMap { version: 0, capacity, map: vec![] }
}
/// Clear this map of all entries, but permit the reuse of allocation /// if possible. /// /// This must be called before the map can be used. pubfn clear(&mutself) { ifself.map.is_empty() { self.map = vec![Utf8SuffixEntry::default(); self.capacity];
} else { self.version = self.version.wrapping_add(1); ifself.version == 0 { self.map = vec![Utf8SuffixEntry::default(); self.capacity];
}
}
}
letmut h = INIT;
h = (h ^ key.from.as_u64()).wrapping_mul(PRIME);
h = (h ^ u64::from(key.start)).wrapping_mul(PRIME);
h = (h ^ u64::from(key.end)).wrapping_mul(PRIME);
(h % self.map.len().as_u64()).as_usize()
}
/// Retrieve the cached state ID corresponding to the given key. The hash /// given must have been computed with `hash` using the same key value. /// /// If there is no cached state with the given key, then None is returned. pubfn get(
&mutself,
key: &Utf8SuffixKey,
hash: usize,
) -> Option<StateID> { let entry = &self.map[hash]; if entry.version != self.version { return None;
} if key != &entry.key { return None;
}
Some(entry.val)
}
/// Add a cached state to this map with the given key. Callers should /// ensure that `state_id` points to a state that contains precisely the /// NFA transition given. /// /// `hash` must have been computed using the `hash` method with the same /// key. pubfn set(&mutself, key: Utf8SuffixKey, hash: usize, state_id: StateID) { self.map[hash] =
Utf8SuffixEntry { version: self.version, key, val: state_id };
}
}
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