/// How should code generated by Naga do bounds checks? /// /// When a vector, matrix, or array index is out of bounds—either negative, or /// greater than or equal to the number of elements in the type—WGSL requires /// that some other index of the implementation's choice that is in bounds is /// used instead. (There are no types with zero elements.) /// /// Similarly, when out-of-bounds coordinates, array indices, or sample indices /// are presented to the WGSL `textureLoad` and `textureStore` operations, the /// operation is redirected to do something safe. /// /// Different users of Naga will prefer different defaults: /// /// - When used as part of a WebGPU implementation, the WGSL specification /// requires the `Restrict` behavior for array, vector, and matrix accesses, /// and either the `Restrict` or `ReadZeroSkipWrite` behaviors for texture /// accesses. /// /// - When used by the `wgpu` crate for native development, `wgpu` selects /// `ReadZeroSkipWrite` as its default. /// /// - Naga's own default is `Unchecked`, so that shader translations /// are as faithful to the original as possible. /// /// Sometimes the underlying hardware and drivers can perform bounds checks /// themselves, in a way that performs better than the checks Naga would inject. /// If you're using native checks like this, then having Naga inject its own /// checks as well would be redundant, and the `Unchecked` policy is /// appropriate. #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)] #[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))] #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))] pubenum BoundsCheckPolicy { /// Replace out-of-bounds indexes with some arbitrary in-bounds index. /// /// (This does not necessarily mean clamping. For example, interpreting the /// index as unsigned and taking the minimum with the largest valid index /// would also be a valid implementation. That would map negative indices to /// the last element, not the first.)
Restrict,
/// Out-of-bounds reads return zero, and writes have no effect. /// /// When applied to a chain of accesses, like `a[i][j].b[k]`, all index /// expressions are evaluated, regardless of whether prior or later index /// expressions were in bounds. But all the accesses per se are skipped /// if any index is out of bounds.
ReadZeroSkipWrite,
/// Naga adds no checks to indexing operations. Generate the fastest code /// possible. This is the default for Naga, as a translator, but consumers /// should consider defaulting to a safer behavior.
Unchecked,
}
/// Policies for injecting bounds checks during code generation. #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)] #[cfg_attr(feature = "serialize", derive(serde::Serialize))] #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", derive(serde::Deserialize))] #[cfg_attr(feature = "deserialize", serde(default))] pubstruct BoundsCheckPolicies { /// How should the generated code handle array, vector, or matrix indices /// that are out of range? pub index: BoundsCheckPolicy,
/// How should the generated code handle array, vector, or matrix indices /// that are out of range, when those values live in a [`GlobalVariable`] in /// the [`Storage`] or [`Uniform`] address spaces? /// /// Some graphics hardware provides "robust buffer access", a feature that /// ensures that using a pointer cannot access memory outside the 'buffer' /// that it was derived from. In Naga terms, this means that the hardware /// ensures that pointers computed by applying [`Access`] and /// [`AccessIndex`] expressions to a [`GlobalVariable`] whose [`space`] is /// [`Storage`] or [`Uniform`] will never read or write memory outside that /// global variable. /// /// When hardware offers such a feature, it is probably undesirable to have /// Naga inject bounds checking code for such accesses, since the hardware /// can probably provide the same protection more efficiently. However, /// bounds checks are still needed on accesses to indexable values that do /// not live in buffers, like local variables. /// /// So, this option provides a separate policy that applies only to accesses /// to storage and uniform globals. When depending on hardware bounds /// checking, this policy can be `Unchecked` to avoid unnecessary overhead. /// /// When special hardware support is not available, this should probably be /// the same as `index_bounds_check_policy`. /// /// [`GlobalVariable`]: crate::GlobalVariable /// [`space`]: crate::GlobalVariable::space /// [`Restrict`]: crate::back::BoundsCheckPolicy::Restrict /// [`ReadZeroSkipWrite`]: crate::back::BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite /// [`Access`]: crate::Expression::Access /// [`AccessIndex`]: crate::Expression::AccessIndex /// [`Storage`]: crate::AddressSpace::Storage /// [`Uniform`]: crate::AddressSpace::Uniform pub buffer: BoundsCheckPolicy,
/// How should the generated code handle image texel loads that are out /// of range? /// /// This controls the behavior of [`ImageLoad`] expressions when a coordinate, /// texture array index, level of detail, or multisampled sample number is out of range. /// /// There is no corresponding policy for [`ImageStore`] statements. All the /// platforms we support already discard out-of-bounds image stores, /// effectively implementing the "skip write" part of [`ReadZeroSkipWrite`]. /// /// [`ImageLoad`]: crate::Expression::ImageLoad /// [`ImageStore`]: crate::Statement::ImageStore /// [`ReadZeroSkipWrite`]: BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite pub image_load: BoundsCheckPolicy,
/// How should the generated code handle binding array indexes that are out of bounds. pub binding_array: BoundsCheckPolicy,
}
/// The default `BoundsCheckPolicy` is `Unchecked`. impl Default for BoundsCheckPolicy { fn default() -> Self {
BoundsCheckPolicy::Unchecked
}
}
impl BoundsCheckPolicies { /// Determine which policy applies to `base`. /// /// `base` is the "base" expression (the expression being indexed) of a `Access` /// and `AccessIndex` expression. This is either a pointer, a value, being directly /// indexed, or a binding array. /// /// See the documentation for [`BoundsCheckPolicy`] for details about /// when each policy applies. pubfn choose_policy(
&self,
base: Handle<crate::Expression>,
types: &UniqueArena<crate::Type>,
info: &valid::FunctionInfo,
) -> BoundsCheckPolicy { let ty = info[base].ty.inner_with(types);
match ty.pointer_space() {
Some(crate::AddressSpace::Storage { access: _ } | crate::AddressSpace::Uniform) => { self.buffer
} // This covers other address spaces, but also accessing vectors and // matrices by value, where no pointer is involved.
_ => self.index,
}
}
/// Return `true` if any of `self`'s policies are `policy`. pubfn contains(&self, policy: BoundsCheckPolicy) -> bool { self.index == policy || self.buffer == policy || self.image_load == policy
}
}
/// An index that may be statically known, or may need to be computed at runtime. /// /// This enum lets us handle both [`Access`] and [`AccessIndex`] expressions /// with the same code. /// /// [`Access`]: crate::Expression::Access /// [`AccessIndex`]: crate::Expression::AccessIndex #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)] pubenum GuardedIndex {
Known(u32),
Expression(Handle<crate::Expression>),
}
/// Build a set of expressions used as indices, to cache in temporary variables when /// emitted. /// /// Given the bounds-check policies `policies`, construct a `HandleSet` containing the handle /// indices of all the expressions in `function` that are ever used as guarded indices /// under the [`ReadZeroSkipWrite`] policy. The `module` argument must be the module to /// which `function` belongs, and `info` should be that function's analysis results. /// /// Such index expressions will be used twice in the generated code: first for the /// comparison to see if the index is in bounds, and then for the access itself, should /// the comparison succeed. To avoid computing the expressions twice, the generated code /// should cache them in temporary variables. /// /// Why do we need to build such a set in advance, instead of just processing access /// expressions as we encounter them? Whether an expression needs to be cached depends on /// whether it appears as something like the [`index`] operand of an [`Access`] expression /// or the [`level`] operand of an [`ImageLoad`] expression, and on the index bounds check /// policies that apply to those accesses. But [`Emit`] statements just identify a range /// of expressions by index; there's no good way to tell what an expression is used /// for. The only way to do it is to just iterate over all the expressions looking for /// relevant `Access` expressions --- which is what this function does. /// /// Simple expressions like variable loads and constants don't make sense to cache: it's /// no better than just re-evaluating them. But constants are not covered by `Emit` /// statements, and `Load`s are always cached to ensure they occur at the right time, so /// we don't bother filtering them out from this set. /// /// Fortunately, we don't need to deal with [`ImageStore`] statements here. When we emit /// code for a statement, the writer isn't in the middle of an expression, so we can just /// emit declarations for temporaries, initialized appropriately. /// /// None of these concerns apply for SPIR-V output, since it's easy to just reuse an /// instruction ID in two places; that has the same semantics as a temporary variable, and /// it's inherent in the design of SPIR-V. This function is more useful for text-based /// back ends. /// /// [`ReadZeroSkipWrite`]: BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite /// [`index`]: crate::Expression::Access::index /// [`Access`]: crate::Expression::Access /// [`level`]: crate::Expression::ImageLoad::level /// [`ImageLoad`]: crate::Expression::ImageLoad /// [`Emit`]: crate::Statement::Emit /// [`ImageStore`]: crate::Statement::ImageStore pubfn find_checked_indexes(
module: &crate::Module,
function: &crate::Function,
info: &valid::FunctionInfo,
policies: BoundsCheckPolicies,
) -> HandleSet<crate::Expression> { usecrate::Expression as Ex;
// Don't bother scanning if we never need `ReadZeroSkipWrite`. if policies.contains(BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite) { for (_handle, expr) in function.expressions.iter() { // There's no need to handle `AccessIndex` expressions, as their // indices never need to be cached. match *expr {
Ex::Access { base, index } => { if policies.choose_policy(base, &module.types, info)
== BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite
&& access_needs_check(
base,
GuardedIndex::Expression(index),
module,
&function.expressions,
info,
)
.is_some()
{
guarded_indices.insert(index);
}
}
Ex::ImageLoad {
coordinate,
array_index,
sample,
level,
..
} => { if policies.image_load == BoundsCheckPolicy::ReadZeroSkipWrite {
guarded_indices.insert(coordinate); iflet Some(array_index) = array_index {
guarded_indices.insert(array_index);
} iflet Some(sample) = sample {
guarded_indices.insert(sample);
} iflet Some(level) = level {
guarded_indices.insert(level);
}
}
}
_ => {}
}
}
}
guarded_indices
}
/// Determine whether `index` is statically known to be in bounds for `base`. /// /// If we can't be sure that the index is in bounds, return the limit within /// which valid indices must fall. /// /// The return value is one of the following: /// /// - `Some(Known(n))` indicates that `n` is the largest valid index. /// /// - `Some(Computed(global))` indicates that the largest valid index is one /// less than the length of the array that is the last member of the /// struct held in `global`. /// /// - `None` indicates that the index need not be checked, either because it /// is statically known to be in bounds, or because the applicable policy /// is `Unchecked`. /// /// This function only handles subscriptable types: arrays, vectors, and /// matrices. It does not handle struct member indices; those never require /// run-time checks, so it's best to deal with them further up the call /// chain. pubfn access_needs_check(
base: Handle<crate::Expression>, mut index: GuardedIndex,
module: &crate::Module,
expressions: &crate::Arena<crate::Expression>,
info: &valid::FunctionInfo,
) -> Option<IndexableLength> { let base_inner = info[base].ty.inner_with(&module.types); // Unwrap safety: `Err` here indicates unindexable base types and invalid // length constants, but `access_needs_check` is only used by back ends, so // validation should have caught those problems. let length = base_inner.indexable_length(module).unwrap();
index.try_resolve_to_constant(expressions, module); iflet (&GuardedIndex::Known(index), &IndexableLength::Known(length)) = (&index, &length) { if index < length { // Index is statically known to be in bounds, no check needed. return None;
}
};
Some(length)
}
impl GuardedIndex { /// Make a `GuardedIndex::Known` from a `GuardedIndex::Expression` if possible. /// /// Return values that are already `Known` unchanged. pub(crate) fn try_resolve_to_constant(
&mutself,
expressions: &crate::Arena<crate::Expression>,
module: &crate::Module,
) { iflet GuardedIndex::Expression(expr) = *self {
*self = GuardedIndex::from_expression(expr, expressions, module);
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq)] pubenum IndexableLengthError { #[error("Type is not indexable, and has no length (validation error)")]
TypeNotIndexable, #[error("Array length constant {0:?} is invalid")]
InvalidArrayLength(Handle<crate::Expression>),
}
implcrate::TypeInner { /// Return the length of a subscriptable type. /// /// The `self` parameter should be a handle to a vector, matrix, or array /// type, a pointer to one of those, or a value pointer. Arrays may be /// fixed-size, dynamically sized, or sized by a specializable constant. /// This function does not handle struct member references, as with /// `AccessIndex`. /// /// The value returned is appropriate for bounds checks on subscripting. /// /// Return an error if `self` does not describe a subscriptable type at all. pubfn indexable_length(
&self,
module: &crate::Module,
) -> Result<IndexableLength, IndexableLengthError> { usecrate::TypeInner as Ti; let known_length = match *self {
Ti::Vector { size, .. } => size as _,
Ti::Matrix { columns, .. } => columns as _,
Ti::Array { size, .. } | Ti::BindingArray { size, .. } => { return size.to_indexable_length(module);
}
Ti::ValuePointer {
size: Some(size), ..
} => size as _,
Ti::Pointer { base, .. } => { // When assigning types to expressions, ResolveContext::Resolve // does a separate sub-match here instead of a full recursion, // so we'll do the same. let base_inner = &module.types[base].inner; match *base_inner {
Ti::Vector { size, .. } => size as _,
Ti::Matrix { columns, .. } => columns as _,
Ti::Array { size, .. } | Ti::BindingArray { size, .. } => { return size.to_indexable_length(module)
}
_ => return Err(IndexableLengthError::TypeNotIndexable),
}
}
_ => return Err(IndexableLengthError::TypeNotIndexable),
};
Ok(IndexableLength::Known(known_length))
}
}
/// The number of elements in an indexable type. /// /// This summarizes the length of vectors, matrices, and arrays in a way that is /// convenient for indexing and bounds-checking code. #[derive(Debug)] pubenum IndexableLength { /// Values of this type always have the given number of elements.
Known(u32),
Pending,
/// The number of elements is determined at runtime.
Dynamic,
}
Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden
nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit,
noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.
Bemerkung:
Die farbliche Syntaxdarstellung und die Messung sind noch experimentell.