import enum import errno import inspect import os import sys import typing as t from collections import abc from contextlib import contextmanager from contextlib import ExitStack from functools import update_wrapper from gettext import gettext as _ from gettext import ngettext from itertools import repeat from types import TracebackType
from . import types from .exceptions import Abort from .exceptions import BadParameter from .exceptions import ClickException from .exceptions import Exit from .exceptions import MissingParameter from .exceptions import UsageError from .formatting import HelpFormatter from .formatting import join_options from .globals import pop_context from .globals import push_context from .parser import _flag_needs_value from .parser import OptionParser from .parser import split_opt from .termui import confirm from .termui import prompt from .termui import style from .utils import _detect_program_name from .utils import _expand_args from .utils import echo from .utils import make_default_short_help from .utils import make_str from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper
if t.TYPE_CHECKING: import typing_extensions as te from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
V = t.TypeVar("V")
def _complete_visible_commands(
ctx: "Context", incomplete: str
) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[str, "Command"]]: """List all the subcommands of a group that start with the
incomplete value and aren't hidden.
:param ctx: Invocation context for the group.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty. """
multi = t.cast(MultiCommand, ctx.command)
for name in multi.list_commands(ctx): if name.startswith(incomplete):
command = multi.get_command(ctx, name)
if command isnotNoneandnot command.hidden: yield name, command
def _check_multicommand(
base_command: "MultiCommand", cmd_name: str, cmd: "Command", register: bool = False
) -> None: ifnot base_command.chain ornot isinstance(cmd, MultiCommand): return if register:
hint = ( "It is not possible to add multi commands as children to" " another multi command that is in chain mode."
) else:
hint = ( "Found a multi command as subcommand to a multi command" " that is in chain mode. This is not supported."
) raise RuntimeError(
f"{hint}. Command {base_command.name!r} is set to chain and"
f" {cmd_name!r} was added as a subcommand but it in itself is a"
f" multi command. ({cmd_name!r} is a {type(cmd).__name__}"
f" within a chained {type(base_command).__name__} named"
f" {base_command.name!r})."
)
@contextmanager def augment_usage_errors(
ctx: "Context", param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None
) -> t.Iterator[None]: """Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions.""" try: yield except BadParameter as e: if e.ctx isNone:
e.ctx = ctx if param isnotNoneand e.param isNone:
e.param = param raise except UsageError as e: if e.ctx isNone:
e.ctx = ctx raise
def iter_params_for_processing(
invocation_order: t.Sequence["Parameter"],
declaration_order: t.Sequence["Parameter"],
) -> t.List["Parameter"]: """Given a sequence of parameters in the order as should be considered for processing and an iterable of parameters that exist, this returns
a list in the correct order as they should be processed. """
class ParameterSource(enum.Enum): """This is an :class:`~enum.Enum` that indicates the source of a
parameter's value.
Use :meth:`click.Context.get_parameter_source` to get the
source for a parameter by name.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Use :class:`~enum.Enum` and drop the ``validate`` method.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the ``PROMPT`` value. """
COMMANDLINE = enum.auto() """The value was provided by the command line args."""
ENVIRONMENT = enum.auto() """The value was provided with an environment variable."""
DEFAULT = enum.auto() """Used the default specified by the parameter."""
DEFAULT_MAP = enum.auto() """Used a default provided by :attr:`Context.default_map`."""
PROMPT = enum.auto() """Used a prompt to confirm a default or provide a value."""
class Context: """The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant for the script execution at every single level. It's normally invisible
to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it.
The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can
control special execution features such as reading data from
environment variables.
A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call
:meth:`close` on teardown.
:param command: the command classfor this context.
:param parent: the parent context.
:param info_name: the info name for this invocation. Generally this is the most descriptive name for the script or
command. For the toplevel script it is usually
the name of the script, for commands below it it's
the name of the script.
:param obj: an arbitrary object of user data.
:param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment
variables. If this is `None` then reading from environment variables is disabled. This
does not affect manually set environment
variables which are always read.
:param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values for parameters.
:param terminal_width: the width of the terminal. The default is
inherit from parent context. If no context
defines the terminal width then auto
detection will be applied.
:param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by
Click (this currently only affects help
pages). This defaults to 80 characters if not overridden. In other words: even if the
terminal is larger than that, Click will not
format things wider than 80 characters by
default. In addition to that, formatters might
add some safety mapping on the right.
:param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will
parse without any interactivity or callback
invocation. Default values will also be
ignored. This is useful for implementing
things such as completion support.
:param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments
at the end will notraise an error and will be
kept on the context. The default is to inherit from the command.
:param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options and arguments cannot be mixed. The
default is to inherit from the command.
:param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does not know and keeps them for later
processing.
:param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how
the default help parameter is named. The
default is ``['--help']``.
:param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to
normalize tokens (options, choices,
etc.). This for instance can be used to
implement case insensitive behavior.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors ornot. The
default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI
codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by
default not the case. This for instance would affect
help output.
:param show_default: Show the default value for commands. If this
value isnot set, it defaults to the value from the parent
context. ``Command.show_default`` overrides this default for the
specific command.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
The ``show_default`` parameter is overridden by
``Command.show_default``, instead of the other way around.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
The ``show_default`` parameter defaults to the value from the
parent context.
.. versionchanged:: 7.1
Added the ``show_default`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ``color``, ``ignore_unknown_options``, and
``max_content_width`` parameters.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the ``allow_extra_args`` and ``allow_interspersed_args``
parameters.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the ``resilient_parsing``, ``help_option_names``, and
``token_normalize_func`` parameters. """
#: The formatter class to create with :meth:`make_formatter`. #: #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
formatter_class: t.Type["HelpFormatter"] = HelpFormatter
def __init__(
self,
command: "Command",
parent: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
info_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
obj: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
auto_envvar_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
default_map: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
terminal_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
max_content_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
resilient_parsing: bool = False,
allow_extra_args: t.Optional[bool] = None,
allow_interspersed_args: t.Optional[bool] = None,
ignore_unknown_options: t.Optional[bool] = None,
help_option_names: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None,
token_normalize_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], str]] = None,
color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
show_default: t.Optional[bool] = None,
) -> None: #: the parent context or `None` if none exists.
self.parent = parent #: the :class:`Command` for this context.
self.command = command #: the descriptive information name
self.info_name = info_name #: Map of parameter names to their parsed values. Parameters #: with ``expose_value=False`` are not stored.
self.params: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {} #: the leftover arguments.
self.args: t.List[str] = [] #: protected arguments. These are arguments that are prepended #: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but #: must be never propagated to another arguments. This is used #: to implement nested parsing.
self.protected_args: t.List[str] = [] #: the collected prefixes of the command's options.
self._opt_prefixes: t.Set[str] = set(parent._opt_prefixes) if parent else set()
if obj isNoneand parent isnotNone:
obj = parent.obj
#: the user object stored.
self.obj: t.Any = obj
self._meta: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = getattr(parent, "meta", {})
#: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters. if (
default_map isNone and info_name isnotNone and parent isnotNone and parent.default_map isnotNone
):
default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name)
#: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A #: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's #: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes #: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be #: the name of the subcommand to execute. #: #: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case #: any commands are executed. It is however not possible to #: figure out which ones. If you require this knowledge you #: should use a :func:`result_callback`.
self.invoked_subcommand: t.Optional[str] = None
if terminal_width isNoneand parent isnotNone:
terminal_width = parent.terminal_width
#: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection).
self.terminal_width: t.Optional[int] = terminal_width
if max_content_width isNoneand parent isnotNone:
max_content_width = parent.max_content_width
#: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible #: default which is 80 for most things).
self.max_content_width: t.Optional[int] = max_content_width
if allow_extra_args isNone:
allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args
#: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should #: fail on parsing. #: #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args
if allow_interspersed_args isNone:
allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args
#: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and #: options or not. #: #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = allow_interspersed_args
if ignore_unknown_options isNone:
ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options
#: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not #: understand and will store it on the context for later #: processing. This is primarily useful for situations where you #: want to call into external programs. Generally this pattern is #: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly #: forward all arguments. #: #: .. versionadded:: 4.0
self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = ignore_unknown_options
if help_option_names isNone: if parent isnotNone:
help_option_names = parent.help_option_names else:
help_option_names = ["--help"]
#: The names for the help options.
self.help_option_names: t.List[str] = help_option_names
if token_normalize_func isNoneand parent isnotNone:
token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func
#: An optional normalization function for tokens. This is #: options, choices, commands etc.
self.token_normalize_func: t.Optional[
t.Callable[[str], str]
] = token_normalize_func
#: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled. In that case Click #: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values #: will be ignored. Useful for completion.
self.resilient_parsing: bool = resilient_parsing
# If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and # the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar # prefix automatically. if auto_envvar_prefix isNone: if (
parent isnotNone and parent.auto_envvar_prefix isnotNone and self.info_name isnotNone
):
auto_envvar_prefix = (
f"{parent.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.info_name.upper()}"
) else:
auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper()
if auto_envvar_prefix isnotNone:
auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.replace("-", "_")
def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]: """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire CLI
structure.
.. code-block:: python
with Context(cli) as ctx:
info = ctx.to_info_dict()
@contextmanager def scope(self, cleanup: bool = True) -> t.Iterator["Context"]: """This helper method can be used with the context object to promote
it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`).
The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which
can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`. The cleanup
functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles.
If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly
used as a context manager.
Example usage::
with ctx.scope(): assert get_current_context() is ctx
This is equivalent::
with ctx: assert get_current_context() is ctx
.. versionadded:: 5.0
:param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or not. The default is to run these functions. In
some situations the context only wants to be
temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled.
Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup. """ ifnot cleanup:
self._depth += 1 try: with self as rv: yield rv finally: ifnot cleanup:
self._depth -= 1
@property def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]: """This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts
that are nested. It exists so that click utilities can store some
state here if they need to. It is however the responsibility of
that code to manage this dictionary well.
The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings. For instance
module paths are a good choice for it. What is stored in there is
irrelevant for the operation of click. However what is important is
that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of
the system.
Example usage::
LANG_KEY = f'{__name__}.lang'
def set_language(value):
ctx = get_current_context()
ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value
def with_resource(self, context_manager: t.ContextManager[V]) -> V: """Register a resource as if it were used in a ``with``
statement. The resource will be cleaned up when the context is
popped.
Uses :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`. It calls the
resource's ``__enter__()`` method and returns the result. When
the context is popped, it closes the stack, which calls the
resource's ``__exit__()`` method.
To register a cleanup function for something that isn't a
context manager, use :meth:`call_on_close`. Or use something from :mod:`contextlib` to turn it into a context manager first.
def call_on_close(self, f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]: """Register a function to be called when the context tears down.
This can be used to close resources opened during the script
execution. Resources that support Python's context manager
protocol which would be used in a ``with`` statement should be
registered with :meth:`with_resource` instead.
:param f: The function to execute on teardown. """ return self._exit_stack.callback(f)
def close(self) -> None: """Invoke all close callbacks registered with
:meth:`call_on_close`, and exit all context managers entered with :meth:`with_resource`. """
self._exit_stack.close() # In case the context is reused, create a new exit stack.
self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
@property def command_path(self) -> str: """The computed command path. This is used for the ``usage``
information on the help page. It's automatically created by
combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root. """
rv = "" if self.info_name isnotNone:
rv = self.info_name if self.parent isnotNone:
parent_command_path = [self.parent.command_path]
if isinstance(self.parent.command, Command): for param in self.parent.command.get_params(self):
parent_command_path.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(self))
def find_root(self) -> "Context": """Finds the outermost context."""
node = self while node.parent isnotNone:
node = node.parent return node
def find_object(self, object_type: t.Type[V]) -> t.Optional[V]: """Finds the closest object of a given type."""
node: t.Optional["Context"] = self
while node isnotNone: if isinstance(node.obj, object_type): return node.obj
node = node.parent
returnNone
def ensure_object(self, object_type: t.Type[V]) -> V: """Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a
new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist. """
rv = self.find_object(object_type) if rv isNone:
self.obj = rv = object_type() return rv
def lookup_default(self, name: str, call: bool = True) -> t.Optional[t.Any]: """Get the default for a parameter from :attr:`default_map`.
:param name: Name of the parameter.
:param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to return the callable instead.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the ``call`` parameter. """ if self.default_map isnotNone:
value = self.default_map.get(name)
if call and callable(value): return value()
return value
returnNone
def fail(self, message: str) -> "te.NoReturn": """Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error
message.
:param message: the error message to fail with. """ raise UsageError(message, self)
def abort(self) -> "te.NoReturn": """Aborts the script.""" raise Abort()
def exit(self, code: int = 0) -> "te.NoReturn": """Exits the application with a given exit code.""" raise Exit(code)
def get_usage(self) -> str: """Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current
context and command. """ return self.command.get_usage(self)
def get_help(self) -> str: """Helper method to get formatted help page for the current
context and command. """ return self.command.get_help(self)
def _make_sub_context(self, command: "Command") -> "Context": """Create a new context of the same type as this context, but for a new command.
def invoke(
__self, # noqa: B902
__callback: t.Union["Command", "t.Callable[..., V]"],
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> t.Union[t.Any, V]: """Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects. There
are two ways to invoke this method:
1. the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and
keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function.
2. the first argument is a click command object. In that case all
arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters
(options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click
will fill in defaults.
Note that before Click 3.2 keyword arguments were not properly filled in against the intention of this code and no context was created. For
more information about this change and why it was done in a bugfix
release see :ref:`upgrade-to-3.2`.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
passed if :meth:`forward` is called at multiple levels. """ if isinstance(__callback, Command):
other_cmd = __callback
if other_cmd.callback isNone: raise TypeError( "The given command does not have a callback that can be invoked."
) else:
__callback = t.cast("t.Callable[..., V]", other_cmd.callback)
ctx = __self._make_sub_context(other_cmd)
for param in other_cmd.params: if param.name notin kwargs and param.expose_value:
kwargs[param.name] = param.type_cast_value( # type: ignore
ctx, param.get_default(ctx)
)
# Track all kwargs as params, so that forward() will pass # them on in subsequent calls.
ctx.params.update(kwargs) else:
ctx = __self
with augment_usage_errors(__self): with ctx: return __callback(*args, **kwargs)
def forward(
__self, __cmd: "Command", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any # noqa: B902
) -> t.Any: """Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword
arguments from the current context if the other command expects
it. This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
passed if ``forward`` is called at multiple levels. """ # Can only forward to other commands, not direct callbacks. ifnot isinstance(__cmd, Command): raise TypeError("Callback is not a command.")
for param in __self.params: if param notin kwargs:
kwargs[param] = __self.params[param]
return __self.invoke(__cmd, *args, **kwargs)
def set_parameter_source(self, name: str, source: ParameterSource) -> None: """Set the source of a parameter. This indicates the location from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
:param name: The name of the parameter.
:param source: A member of :class:`~click.core.ParameterSource`. """
self._parameter_source[name] = source
def get_parameter_source(self, name: str) -> t.Optional[ParameterSource]: """Get the source of a parameter. This indicates the location from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
This can be useful for determining when a user specified a value
on the command line that is the same as the default value. It
will be :attr:`~click.core.ParameterSource.DEFAULT` only if the
value was actually taken from the default.
:param name: The name of the parameter.
:rtype: ParameterSource
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Returns ``None`` if the parameter was not provided from any
source. """ return self._parameter_source.get(name)
class BaseCommand: """The base command implements the minimal API contract of commands.
Most code will never use this as it does not implement a lot of useful
functionality but it can act as the direct subclass of alternative
parsing methods that do not depend on the Click parser.
For instance, this can be used to bridge Click and other systems like
argparse or docopt.
Because base commands do not implement a lot of the API that other
parts of Click take for granted, they are not supported for all
operations. For instance, they cannot be used with the decorators
usually and they have no built-in callback system.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the `context_settings` parameter.
:param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
:param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
passed to the context object. """
#: The context class to create with :meth:`make_context`. #: #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
context_class: t.Type[Context] = Context #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag.
allow_extra_args = False #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag.
allow_interspersed_args = True #: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag.
ignore_unknown_options = False
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str],
context_settings: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
) -> None: #: the name the command thinks it has. Upon registering a command #: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name #: with this information. You should instead use the #: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute.
self.name = name
if context_settings isNone:
context_settings = {}
#: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context.
self.context_settings: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] = context_settings
def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]: """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire structure
below this command.
Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
CLI structure.
:param ctx: A :class:`Context` representing this command.
def make_context(
self,
info_name: t.Optional[str],
args: t.List[str],
parent: t.Optional[Context] = None,
**extra: t.Any,
) -> Context: """This function when given an info name and arguments will kick
off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`. It does not
invoke the actual command callback though.
To quickly customize the context class used without overriding
this method, set the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
:param info_name: the info name for this invocation. Generally this is the most descriptive name for the script or
command. For the toplevel script it's usually
the name of the script, for commands below it's
the name of the command.
:param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings.
:param parent: the parent context if available.
:param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context
constructor.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`context_class` attribute. """ for key, value in self.context_settings.items(): if key notin extra:
extra[key] = value
with ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
self.parse_args(ctx, args) return ctx
def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]: """Given a context and a list of arguments this creates the parser and parses the arguments, then modifies the context as necessary.
This is automatically invoked by :meth:`make_context`. """ raise NotImplementedError("Base commands do not know how to parse arguments.")
def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any: """Given a context, this invokes the command. The default
implementation is raising a not implemented error. """ raise NotImplementedError("Base commands are not invocable by default")
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]: """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
at the names of chained multi-commands.
Any command could be part of a chained multi-command, so sibling
commands are valid at any point during command completion. Other
command classes will return more completions.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0 """ from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results: t.List["CompletionItem"] = []
while ctx.parent isnotNone:
ctx = ctx.parent
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand) and ctx.command.chain:
results.extend(
CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str()) for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete) if name notin ctx.protected_args
)
def main(
self,
args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
standalone_mode: bool = True,
windows_expand_args: bool = True,
**extra: t.Any,
) -> t.Any: """This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and
whistles as a command line application. This will always terminate
the application after a call. If this isnot wanted, ``SystemExit``
needs to be caught.
This method is also available by directly calling the instance of
a :class:`Command`.
:param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing. Ifnot
provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used.
:param prog_name: the program name that should be used. By default
the program name is constructed by taking the file
name from ``sys.argv[0]``.
:param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the
bash completion support. The default is
``"_<prog_name>_COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in
uppercase.
:param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script in standalone mode. Click will then
handle exceptions and convert them into
error messages and the function will never return but shut down the interpreter. If
this is set to `False` they will be
propagated to the caller and the return
value of this function is the return value
of :meth:`invoke`.
:param windows_expand_args: Expand glob patterns, user dir, and
env vars in command line args on Windows.
:param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context
constructor. See :class:`Context` for more information.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
Added the ``windows_expand_args`` parameter to allow
disabling command line arg expansion on Windows.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
When taking arguments from ``sys.argv`` on Windows, glob
patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the ``standalone_mode`` parameter. """ if args isNone:
args = sys.argv[1:]
if prog_name isNone:
prog_name = _detect_program_name()
# Process shell completion requests and exit early.
self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
try: try: with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx:
rv = self.invoke(ctx) ifnot standalone_mode: return rv # it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here! # note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which # has obvious effects # more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of # chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not # even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure # by its truthiness/falsiness
ctx.exit() except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
echo(file=sys.stderr) raise Abort() from e except ClickException as e: ifnot standalone_mode: raise
e.show()
sys.exit(e.exit_code) except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout))
sys.stderr = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr))
sys.exit(1) else: raise except Exit as e: if standalone_mode:
sys.exit(e.exit_code) else: # in non-standalone mode, return the exit code # note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises # an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which # would return its result # the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be # somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to # `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to # tell the difference between the two return e.exit_code except Abort: ifnot standalone_mode: raise
echo(_("Aborted!"), file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
def _main_shell_completion(
self,
ctx_args: t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
prog_name: str,
complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
) -> None: """Check if the shell is asking for tab completion, process
that, then exit early. Called from :meth:`main` before the
program is invoked.
:param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
:param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
the completion instruction. Defaults to
``_{PROG_NAME}_COMPLETE``.
.. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
Dots (``.``) in ``prog_name`` are replaced with underscores (``_``). """ if complete_var isNone:
complete_name = prog_name.replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
complete_var = f"_{complete_name}_COMPLETE".upper()
class Command(BaseCommand): """Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in
Click. A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch
more parsing to commands nested below it.
:param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
:param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
passed to the context object.
:param callback: the callback to invoke. This is optional.
:param params: the parameters to register with this command. This can
be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects.
:param help: the help string to use for this command.
:param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the
help page after everything else.
:param short_help: the short help to use for this command. This is
shown on the command listing of the parent command.
:param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help``
option. This can be disabled by this parameter.
:param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
provided. This option is disabled by default. If enabled this will add ``--help`` as argument if no arguments are passed
:param hidden: hide this command from help outputs.
:param deprecated: issues a message indicating that
the command is deprecated.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
``help``, ``epilog``, and ``short_help`` are stored unprocessed,
all formatting is done when outputting help text, not at init, andis done even ifnot using the ``@command`` decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added a ``repr`` showing the command name.
.. versionchanged:: 7.1
Added the ``no_args_is_help`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the ``context_settings`` parameter. """
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str],
context_settings: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None,
callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
params: t.Optional[t.List["Parameter"]] = None,
help: t.Optional[str] = None,
epilog: t.Optional[str] = None,
short_help: t.Optional[str] = None,
options_metavar: t.Optional[str] = "[OPTIONS]",
add_help_option: bool = True,
no_args_is_help: bool = False,
hidden: bool = False,
deprecated: bool = False,
) -> None:
super().__init__(name, context_settings) #: the callback to execute when the command fires. This might be #: `None` in which case nothing happens.
self.callback = callback #: the list of parameters for this command in the order they #: should show up in the help page and execute. Eager parameters #: will automatically be handled before non eager ones.
self.params: t.List["Parameter"] = params or []
self.help = help
self.epilog = epilog
self.options_metavar = options_metavar
self.short_help = short_help
self.add_help_option = add_help_option
self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
self.hidden = hidden
self.deprecated = deprecated
def format_usage(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None: """Writes the usage line into the formatter.
This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_usage`. """
pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, " ".join(pieces))
def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]: """Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns
it as a list of strings. """
rv = [self.options_metavar] if self.options_metavar else []
for param in self.get_params(ctx):
rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx))
return rv
def get_help_option_names(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]: """Returns the names for the help option."""
all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names) for param in self.params:
all_names.difference_update(param.opts)
all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts) return list(all_names)
def get_help_option(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional["Option"]: """Returns the help option object."""
help_options = self.get_help_option_names(ctx)
def show_help(ctx: Context, param: "Parameter", value: str) -> None: if value andnot ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
return Option(
help_options,
is_flag=True,
is_eager=True,
expose_value=False,
callback=show_help,
help=_("Show this message and exit."),
)
def make_parser(self, ctx: Context) -> OptionParser: """Creates the underlying option parser for this command."""
parser = OptionParser(ctx) for param in self.get_params(ctx):
param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx) return parser
def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str: """Formats the help into a string and returns it.
def get_short_help_str(self, limit: int = 45) -> str: """Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the
long help string. """ if self.short_help:
text = inspect.cleandoc(self.short_help) elif self.help:
text = make_default_short_help(self.help, limit) else:
text = ""
if self.deprecated:
text = _("(Deprecated) {text}").format(text=text)
return text.strip()
def format_help(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None: """Writes the help into the formatter if it exists.
This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_help`.
def format_help_text(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None: """Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists.""" if self.help isnotNone: # truncate the help text to the first form feed
text = inspect.cleandoc(self.help).partition("\f")[0] else:
text = ""
if self.deprecated:
text = _("(Deprecated) {text}").format(text=text)
if text:
formatter.write_paragraph()
with formatter.indentation():
formatter.write_text(text)
def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None: """Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist."""
opts = [] for param in self.get_params(ctx):
rv = param.get_help_record(ctx) if rv isnotNone:
opts.append(rv)
if opts: with formatter.section(_("Options")):
formatter.write_dl(opts)
def format_epilog(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None: """Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists.""" if self.epilog:
epilog = inspect.cleandoc(self.epilog)
formatter.write_paragraph()
with formatter.indentation():
formatter.write_text(epilog)
def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any: """Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists) in the right way. """ if self.deprecated:
message = _( "DeprecationWarning: The command {name!r} is deprecated."
).format(name=self.name)
echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
if self.callback isnotNone: return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]: """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
at the names of options and chained multi-commands.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0 """ from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results: t.List["CompletionItem"] = []
if incomplete andnot incomplete[0].isalnum(): for param in self.get_params(ctx): if ( not isinstance(param, Option) or param.hidden or ( not param.multiple and ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name) # type: ignore is ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
)
): continue
results.extend(
CompletionItem(name, help=param.help) for name in [*param.opts, *param.secondary_opts] if name.startswith(incomplete)
)
class MultiCommand(Command): """A multi command is the basic implementation of a command that
dispatches to subcommands. The most common version is the
:class:`Group`.
:param invoke_without_command: this controls how the multi command itself is invoked. By default it's only invoked if a subcommand is provided.
:param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
provided. This option is enabled by default if
`invoke_without_command` is disabled or disabled if it's enabled. If enabled this will add
``--help`` as argument if no arguments are
passed.
:param subcommand_metavar: the string that is used in the documentation
to indicate the subcommand place.
:param chain: if this is set to `True` chaining of multiple subcommands is enabled. This restricts the form of commands in that
they cannot have optional arguments but it allows
multiple commands to be chained together.
:param result_callback: The result callback to attach to this multi
command. This can be set or changed later with the
:meth:`result_callback` decorator.
:param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Command`. """
if subcommand_metavar isNone: if chain:
subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..." else:
subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar
self.chain = chain # The result callback that is stored. This can be set or # overridden with the :func:`result_callback` decorator.
self._result_callback = result_callback
if self.chain: for param in self.params: if isinstance(param, Argument) andnot param.required: raise RuntimeError( "Multi commands in chain mode cannot have" " optional arguments."
)
def result_callback(self, replace: bool = False) -> t.Callable[[F], F]: """Adds a result callback to the command. By default if a
result callback is already registered this will chain them but
this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter. The result
callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand
(or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed
to the main callback.
def format_commands(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None: """Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands
after the options. """
commands = [] for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx):
cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand) # What is this, the tool lied about a command. Ignore it if cmd isNone: continue if cmd.hidden: continue
commands.append((subcommand, cmd))
# allow for 3 times the default spacing if len(commands):
limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands)
rows = [] for subcommand, cmd in commands:
help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit)
rows.append((subcommand, help))
if rows: with formatter.section(_("Commands")):
formatter.write_dl(rows)
def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any: def _process_result(value: t.Any) -> t.Any: if self._result_callback isnotNone:
value = ctx.invoke(self._result_callback, value, **ctx.params) return value
ifnot ctx.protected_args: if self.invoke_without_command: # No subcommand was invoked, so the result callback is # invoked with the group return value for regular # groups, or an empty list for chained groups. with ctx:
rv = super().invoke(ctx) return _process_result([] if self.chain else rv)
ctx.fail(_("Missing command."))
# Fetch args back out
args = [*ctx.protected_args, *ctx.args]
ctx.args = []
ctx.protected_args = []
# If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a # single command but we also inform the current context about the # name of the command to invoke. ifnot self.chain: # Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up # resources until the result processor has worked. with ctx:
cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args) assert cmd isnotNone
ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name
super().invoke(ctx)
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx) with sub_ctx: return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
# In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the # base command has been invoked. Because at that point we do not # know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is # set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed # but nothing else. with ctx:
ctx.invoked_subcommand = "*"if args elseNone
super().invoke(ctx)
# Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a # chain. In that case the return value to the result processor # is the list of all invoked subcommand's results.
contexts = [] while args:
cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args) assert cmd isnotNone
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
cmd_name,
args,
parent=ctx,
allow_extra_args=True,
allow_interspersed_args=False,
)
contexts.append(sub_ctx)
args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, []
rv = [] for sub_ctx in contexts: with sub_ctx:
rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx)) return _process_result(rv)
# Get the command
cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
# If we can't find the command but there is a normalization # function available, we try with that one. if cmd isNoneand ctx.token_normalize_func isnotNone:
cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name)
cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
# If we don't find the command we want to show an error message # to the user that it was not provided. However, there is # something else we should do: if the first argument looks like # an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to # resolve things like --help which now should go to the main # place. if cmd isNoneandnot ctx.resilient_parsing: if split_opt(cmd_name)[0]:
self.parse_args(ctx, ctx.args)
ctx.fail(_("No such command {name!r}.").format(name=original_cmd_name)) return cmd_name if cmd elseNone, cmd, args[1:]
def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]: """Given a context and a command name, this returns a
:class:`Command` object if it exists or returns `None`. """ raise NotImplementedError
def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]: """Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should
appear. """ return []
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]: """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
at the names of options, subcommands, and chained
multi-commands.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0 """ from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results = [
CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str()) for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
]
results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete)) return results
class Group(MultiCommand): """A group allows a command to have subcommands attached. This is
the most common way to implement nesting in Click.
:param name: The name of the group command.
:param commands: A dict mapping names to :class:`Command` objects.
Can also be a list of :class:`Command`, which will use
:attr:`Command.name` to create the dict.
:param attrs: Other command arguments described in
:class:`MultiCommand`, :class:`Command`, and
:class:`BaseCommand`.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
The ``commands`` argument can be a list of command objects. """
#: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`command` decorator #: as the default :class:`Command` class. This is useful to make all #: subcommands use a custom command class. #: #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
command_class: t.Optional[t.Type[Command]] = None
#: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`group` decorator #: as the default :class:`Group` class. This is useful to make all #: subgroups use a custom group class. #: #: If set to the special value :class:`type` (literally #: ``group_class = type``), this group's class will be used as the #: default class. This makes a custom group class continue to make #: custom groups. #: #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
group_class: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Type["Group"], t.Type[type]]] = None # Literal[type] isn't valid, so use Type[type]
if commands isNone:
commands = {} elif isinstance(commands, abc.Sequence):
commands = {c.name: c for c in commands if c.name isnotNone}
#: The registered subcommands by their exported names.
self.commands: t.MutableMapping[str, Command] = commands
def add_command(self, cmd: Command, name: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None: """Registers another :class:`Command` with this group. If the name isnot provided, the name of the command is used. """
name = name or cmd.name if name isNone: raise TypeError("Command has no name.")
_check_multicommand(self, name, cmd, register=True)
self.commands[name] = cmd
def command(
self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command], Command]: """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to
the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` and
immediately registers the created command with this group by
calling :meth:`add_command`.
To customize the command class used, set the
:attr:`command_class` attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`command_class` attribute. """ from .decorators import command
func: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None
if args and callable(args[0]): assert (
len(args) == 1 andnot kwargs
), "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
(func,) = args
args = ()
if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") isNone:
kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
def group(
self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], "Group"], "Group"]: """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to
the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` and
immediately registers the created group with this group by
calling :meth:`add_command`.
To customize the group class used, set the :attr:`group_class`
attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`group_class` attribute. """ from .decorators import group
func: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None
if args and callable(args[0]): assert (
len(args) == 1 andnot kwargs
), "Use 'group(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
(func,) = args
args = ()
if self.group_class isnotNoneand kwargs.get("cls") isNone: if self.group_class is type:
kwargs["cls"] = type(self) else:
kwargs["cls"] = self.group_class
class CommandCollection(MultiCommand): """A command collection is a multi command that merges multiple multi
commands together into one. This is a straightforward implementation
that accepts a list of different multi commands as sources and
provides all the commands for each of them.
See :class:`MultiCommand` and :class:`Command` for the description of
``name`` and ``attrs``. """
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str] = None,
sources: t.Optional[t.List[MultiCommand]] = None,
**attrs: t.Any,
) -> None:
super().__init__(name, **attrs) #: The list of registered multi commands.
self.sources: t.List[MultiCommand] = sources or []
def add_source(self, multi_cmd: MultiCommand) -> None: """Adds a new multi command to the chain dispatcher."""
self.sources.append(multi_cmd)
def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]: for source in self.sources:
rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
if rv isnotNone: if self.chain:
_check_multicommand(self, cmd_name, rv)
for source in self.sources:
rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx))
return sorted(rv)
def _check_iter(value: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]: """Check if the value is iterable but not a string. Raises a type
error, orreturn an iterator over the value. """ if isinstance(value, str): raise TypeError
return iter(value)
class Parameter:
r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either
:class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s. Other subclasses are currently not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are
intentionally not finalized.
Some settings are supported by both options and arguments.
:param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or
argument. This is a list of flags or argument
names.
:param type: the type that should be used. Either a :class:`ParamType` or a Python type. The latter is converted into the former
automatically if supported.
:param required: controls if this is optional ornot.
:param default: the default value if omitted. This can also be a callable, in which case it's invoked when the default is needed
without any arguments.
:param callback: A function to further process or validate the value
after type conversion. It is called as ``f(ctx, param, value)`` and must return the value. It is called for all sources,
including prompts.
:param nargs: the number of arguments to match. Ifnot ``1`` the return
value is a tuple instead of single value. The default for
nargs is ``1`` (exceptif the type is a tuple, then it's
the arity of the tuple). If ``nargs=-1``, all remaining
parameters are collected.
:param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page.
:param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards
to the command callback and stored on the context,
otherwise it's skipped.
:param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones. This
should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the
order of processing.
:param envvar: a string or list of strings that are environment variables
that should be checked.
:param shell_complete: A function that returns custom shell
completions. Used instead of the param's type completion if
given. Takes ``ctx, param, incomplete`` and must return a list
of :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` or a list of
strings.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
``process_value`` validates required parameters and bounded
``nargs``, and invokes the parameter callback before returning
the value. This allows the callback to validate prompts.
``full_process_value`` is removed.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
``autocompletion`` is renamed to ``shell_complete`` and has new
semantics described above. The old name is deprecated and will
be removed in 8.1, until then it will be wrapped to match the
new requirements.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0 For ``multiple=True, nargs>1``, the default must be a list of
tuples.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Setting a default is no longer required for ``nargs>1``, it will
default to ``None``. ``multiple=True`` or ``nargs=-1`` will
default to ``()``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.1
Empty environment variables are ignored rather than taking the
empty string value. This makes it possible for scripts to clear
variables if they can't unset them.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the
parameter. The old callback format will still work, but it will raise a warning to give you a chance to migrate the code easier. """
# Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that # information available. if nargs isNone: if self.type.is_composite:
nargs = self.type.arity else:
nargs = 1
if __debug__: if self.type.is_composite and nargs != self.type.arity: raise ValueError(
f"'nargs' must be {self.type.arity} (or None) for"
f" type {self.type!r}, but it was {nargs}."
)
# Skip no default or callable default.
check_default = default ifnot callable(default) elseNone
if check_default isnotNone: if multiple: try: # Only check the first value against nargs.
check_default = next(_check_iter(check_default), None) except TypeError: raise ValueError( "'default' must be a list when 'multiple' is true."
) fromNone
# Can be None for multiple with empty default. if nargs != 1 and check_default isnotNone: try:
_check_iter(check_default) except TypeError: if multiple:
message = ( "'default' must be a list of lists when 'multiple' is" " true and 'nargs' != 1."
) else:
message = "'default' must be a list when 'nargs' != 1."
raise ValueError(message) fromNone
if nargs > 1 and len(check_default) != nargs:
subject = "item length"if multiple else"length" raise ValueError(
f"'default' {subject} must match nargs={nargs}."
)
def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]: """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
user-facing documentation.
Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
CLI structure.
@property def human_readable_name(self) -> str: """Returns the human readable name of this parameter. This is the
same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments. """ return self.name # type: ignore
def make_metavar(self) -> str: if self.metavar isnotNone: return self.metavar
metavar = self.type.get_metavar(self)
if metavar isNone:
metavar = self.type.name.upper()
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]: """Get the default for the parameter. Tries
:meth:`Context.lookup_default` first, then the local default.
:param ctx: Current context.
:param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to return the callable instead.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.2
Type casting is no longer performed when getting a default.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
Type casting can fail in resilient parsing mode. Invalid
defaults will not prevent showing help text.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Looks at ``ctx.default_map`` first.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the ``call`` parameter. """
value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name, call=False) # type: ignore
if value isNone:
value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.ENVIRONMENT
if value isNone:
value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name) # type: ignore
source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
if value isNone:
value = self.get_default(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT
return value, source
def type_cast_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any: """Convert and validate a value against the option's
:attr:`type`, :attr:`multiple`, and :attr:`nargs`. """ if value isNone: return () if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1 elseNone
def check_iter(value: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]: try: return _check_iter(value) except TypeError: # This should only happen when passing in args manually, # the parser should construct an iterable when parsing # the command line. raise BadParameter(
_("Value must be an iterable."), ctx=ctx, param=self
) fromNone
def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context) -> str: """Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to
indicate which param caused the error. """
hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name] return" / ".join(f"'{x}'"for x in hint_list)
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]: """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. If a
``shell_complete`` function was given during init, it is used.
Otherwise, the :attr:`type`
:meth:`~click.types.ParamType.shell_complete` function is used.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
class Option(Parameter): """Options are usually optional values on the command line and
have some extra features that arguments don't have.
All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
:param show_default: Show the default value for this option in its
help text. Values are not shown by default, unless
:attr:`Context.show_default` is ``True``. If this value is a
string, it shows that string in parentheses instead of the
actual value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options. For single option boolean flags, the default remains hidden if
its value is ``False``.
:param show_envvar: Controls if an environment variable should be
shown on the help page. Normally, environment variables are not
shown.
:param prompt: If set to ``True`` or a non empty string then the
user will be prompted for input. If set to ``True`` the prompt
will be the option name capitalized.
:param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
value if it was prompted for. Can be set to a string instead of
``True`` to customize the message.
:param prompt_required: If set to ``False``, the user will be
prompted for input only when the option was specified as a flag
without a value.
:param hide_input: If this is ``True`` then the input on the prompt
will be hidden from the user. This is useful for password input.
:param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag. The default is
auto detection.
:param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's
enabled. This is set to a boolean automatically if
the option string contains a slash to mark two options.
:param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted
multiple times and recorded. This is similar to ``nargs`` in how it works but supports arbitrary number of
arguments.
:param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer.
:param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this
parameter will be pulled from an environment
variable in case a prefix is defined on the
context.
:param help: the help string.
:param hidden: hide this option from help outputs.
:param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Parameter`.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
Help text indentation is cleaned here instead of only in the
``@option`` decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
The ``show_default`` parameter overrides
``Context.show_default``.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
The default of a single option boolean flag isnot shown if the
default value is ``False``.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
``type`` is detected from ``flag_value`` if given. """
# If prompt is enabled but not required, then the option can be # used as a flag to indicate using prompt or flag_value.
self._flag_needs_value = self.prompt isnotNoneandnot self.prompt_required
if is_flag isNone: if flag_value isnotNone: # Implicitly a flag because flag_value was set.
is_flag = True elif self._flag_needs_value: # Not a flag, but when used as a flag it shows a prompt.
is_flag = False else: # Implicitly a flag because flag options were given.
is_flag = bool(self.secondary_opts) elif is_flag isFalseandnot self._flag_needs_value: # Not a flag, and prompt is not enabled, can be used as a # flag if flag_value is set.
self._flag_needs_value = flag_value isnotNone
if is_flag and default_is_missing andnot self.required: if multiple:
self.default = () else:
self.default = False
if flag_value isNone:
flag_value = not self.default
self.type: types.ParamType if is_flag and type isNone: # Re-guess the type from the flag value instead of the # default.
self.type = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
for decl in decls: if decl.isidentifier(): if name isnotNone: raise TypeError(f"Name '{name}' defined twice")
name = decl else:
split_char = ";"if decl[:1] == "/"else"/" if split_char in decl:
first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1)
first = first.rstrip() if first:
possible_names.append(split_opt(first))
opts.append(first)
second = second.lstrip() if second:
secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip()) if first == second: raise ValueError(
f"Boolean option {decl!r} cannot use the" " same flag for true/false."
) else:
possible_names.append(split_opt(decl))
opts.append(decl)
if name isNoneand possible_names:
possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0])) # group long options first
name = possible_names[0][1].replace("-", "_").lower() ifnot name.isidentifier():
name = None
if name isNone: ifnot expose_value: returnNone, opts, secondary_opts raise TypeError("Could not determine name for option")
ifnot opts andnot secondary_opts: raise TypeError(
f"No options defined but a name was passed ({name})." " Did you mean to declare an argument instead? Did"
f" you mean to pass '--{name}'?"
)
if self.secondary_opts:
rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
help = self.help or""
extra = []
if self.show_envvar:
envvar = self.envvar
if envvar isNone: if (
self.allow_from_autoenv and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix isnotNone and self.name isnotNone
):
envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
if envvar isnotNone:
var_str = (
envvar if isinstance(envvar, str) else", ".join(str(d) for d in envvar)
)
extra.append(_("env var: {var}").format(var=var_str))
# Temporarily enable resilient parsing to avoid type casting # failing for the default. Might be possible to extend this to # help formatting in general.
resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
ctx.resilient_parsing = True
if show_default_is_str or (show_default and (default_value isnotNone)): if show_default_is_str:
default_string = f"({self.show_default})" elif isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
default_string = ", ".join(str(d) for d in default_value) elif inspect.isfunction(default_value):
default_string = _("(dynamic)") elif self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts: # For boolean flags that have distinct True/False opts, # use the opt without prefix instead of the value.
default_string = split_opt(
(self.opts if self.default else self.secondary_opts)[0]
)[1] elif self.is_bool_flag andnot self.secondary_opts andnot default_value:
default_string = "" else:
default_string = str(default_value)
if default_string:
extra.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=default_string))
if (
isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase) # skip count with default range type andnot (self.count and self.type.min == 0 and self.type.max isNone)
):
range_str = self.type._describe_range()
if range_str:
extra.append(range_str)
if self.required:
extra.append(_("required"))
if extra:
extra_str = "; ".join(extra)
help = f"{help} [{extra_str}]"if help else f"[{extra_str}]"
return ("; "if any_prefix_is_slash else" / ").join(rv), help
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]: # If we're a non boolean flag our default is more complex because # we need to look at all flags in the same group to figure out # if we're the default one in which case we return the flag # value as default. if self.is_flag andnot self.is_bool_flag: for param in ctx.command.params: if param.name == self.name and param.default: return t.cast(Option, param).flag_value
returnNone
return super().get_default(ctx, call=call)
def prompt_for_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any: """This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full
value processing if a value does not exist. It will prompt the
user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed
value as result. """ assert self.prompt isnotNone
# Calculate the default before prompting anything to be stable.
default = self.get_default(ctx)
# If this is a prompt for a flag we need to handle this # differently. if self.is_bool_flag: return confirm(self.prompt, default)
# The parser will emit a sentinel value if the option can be # given as a flag without a value. This is different from None # to distinguish from the flag not being given at all. if value is _flag_needs_value: if self.prompt isnotNoneandnot ctx.resilient_parsing:
value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.PROMPT else:
value = self.flag_value
source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
elif (
self.multiple and value isnotNone and any(v is _flag_needs_value for v in value)
):
value = [self.flag_value if v is _flag_needs_value else v for v in value]
source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
# The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt if # prompting is enabled. elif (
source in {None, ParameterSource.DEFAULT} and self.prompt isnotNone and (self.required or self.prompt_required) andnot ctx.resilient_parsing
):
value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
return value, source
class Argument(Parameter): """Arguments are positional parameters to a command. They generally
provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs`` and are required by default.
All parameters are passed onwards to the constructor of :class:`Parameter`. """
def make_metavar(self) -> str: if self.metavar isnotNone: return self.metavar
var = self.type.get_metavar(self) ifnot var:
var = self.name.upper() # type: ignore ifnot self.required:
var = f"[{var}]" if self.nargs != 1:
var += "..." return var
def _parse_decls(
self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]: ifnot decls: ifnot expose_value: returnNone, [], [] raise TypeError("Could not determine name for argument") if len(decls) == 1:
name = arg = decls[0]
name = name.replace("-", "_").lower() else: raise TypeError( "Arguments take exactly one parameter declaration, got"
f" {len(decls)}."
) return name, [arg], []
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