/// Given an existing function, generate an instrumented version of that function pub(crate) fn gen_function<'a, B: ToTokens + 'a>(
input: MaybeItemFnRef<'a, B>,
args: InstrumentArgs,
instrumented_function_name: &str,
self_type: Option<&TypePath>,
) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream { // these are needed ahead of time, as ItemFn contains the function body _and_ // isn't representable inside a quote!/quote_spanned! macro // (Syn's ToTokens isn't implemented for ItemFn) let MaybeItemFnRef {
outer_attrs,
inner_attrs,
vis,
sig,
block,
} = input;
let (return_type, return_span) = iflet ReturnType::Type(_, return_type) = &output {
(erase_impl_trait(return_type), return_type.span())
} else { // Point at function name if we don't have an explicit return type
(syn::parse_quote! { () }, ident.span())
}; // Install a fake return statement as the first thing in the function // body, so that we eagerly infer that the return type is what we // declared in the async fn signature. // The `#[allow(..)]` is given because the return statement is // unreachable, but does affect inference, so it needs to be written // exactly that way for it to do its magic. let fake_return_edge = quote_spanned! {return_span=> #[allow(unreachable_code, clippy::diverging_sub_expression, clippy::let_unit_value, clippy::unreachable)] iffalse { let __tracing_attr_fake_return: #return_type =
unreachable!("this is just for type inference, and is unreachable code"); return __tracing_attr_fake_return;
}
}; let block = quote! {
{ #fake_return_edge #block
}
};
let body = gen_block(
&block,
params,
asyncness.is_some(),
args,
instrumented_function_name,
self_type,
);
/// Instrument a block fn gen_block<B: ToTokens>(
block: &B,
params: &Punctuated<FnArg, Token![,]>,
async_context: bool, mut args: InstrumentArgs,
instrumented_function_name: &str,
self_type: Option<&TypePath>,
) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream { // generate the span's name let span_name = args // did the user override the span's name?
.name
.as_ref()
.map(|name| quote!(#name))
.unwrap_or_else(|| quote!(#instrumented_function_name));
let args_level = args.level(); let level = args_level.clone();
let follows_from = args.follows_from.iter(); let follows_from = quote! { #(for cause in#follows_from {
__tracing_attr_span.follows_from(cause);
})*
};
// generate this inside a closure, so we can return early on errors. let span = (|| { // Pull out the arguments-to-be-skipped first, so we can filter results // below. let param_names: Vec<(Ident, (Ident, RecordType))> = params
.clone()
.into_iter()
.flat_map(|param| match param {
FnArg::Typed(PatType { pat, ty, .. }) => {
param_names(*pat, RecordType::parse_from_ty(&ty))
}
FnArg::Receiver(_) => Box::new(iter::once((
Ident::new("self", param.span()),
RecordType::Debug,
))),
}) // Little dance with new (user-exposed) names and old (internal) // names of identifiers. That way, we could do the following // even though async_trait (<=0.1.43) rewrites "self" as "_self": // ``` // #[async_trait] // impl Foo for FooImpl { // #[instrument(skip(self))] // async fn foo(&self, v: usize) {} // } // ```
.map(|(x, record_type)| { // if we are inside a function generated by async-trait <=0.1.43, we need to // take care to rewrite "_self" as "self" for 'user convenience' if self_type.is_some() && x == "_self" {
(Ident::new("self", x.span()), (x, record_type))
} else {
(x.clone(), (x, record_type))
}
})
.collect();
for skip in &args.skips { if !param_names.iter().map(|(user, _)| user).any(|y| y == skip) { return quote_spanned! {skip.span()=>
compile_error!("attempting to skip non-existent parameter")
};
}
}
let target = args.target();
let parent = args.parent.iter();
// filter out skipped fields let quoted_fields: Vec<_> = param_names
.iter()
.filter(|(param, _)| { if args.skip_all || args.skips.contains(param) { returnfalse;
}
// If any parameters have the same name as a custom field, skip // and allow them to be formatted by the custom field. iflet Some(ref fields) = args.fields {
fields.0.iter().all(|Field { ref name, .. }| { let first = name.first();
first != name.last() || !first.iter().any(|name| name == ¶m)
})
} else { true
}
})
.map(|(user_name, (real_name, record_type))| match record_type {
RecordType::Value => quote!(#user_name = #real_name),
RecordType::Debug => quote!(#user_name = tracing::field::debug(&#real_name)),
})
.collect();
// replace every use of a variable with its original name iflet Some(Fields(refmut fields)) = args.fields { letmut replacer = IdentAndTypesRenamer {
idents: param_names.into_iter().map(|(a, (b, _))| (a, b)).collect(),
types: Vec::new(),
};
// when async-trait <=0.1.43 is in use, replace instances // of the "Self" type inside the fields values iflet Some(self_type) = self_type {
replacer.types.push(("Self", self_type.clone()));
}
for e in fields.iter_mut().filter_map(|f| f.value.as_mut()) {
syn::visit_mut::visit_expr_mut(&mut replacer, e);
}
}
// Generate the instrumented function body. // If the function is an `async fn`, this will wrap it in an async block, // which is `instrument`ed using `tracing-futures`. Otherwise, this will // enter the span and then perform the rest of the body. // If `err` is in args, instrument any resulting `Err`s. // If `ret` is in args, instrument any resulting `Ok`s when the function // returns `Result`s, otherwise instrument any resulting values. if async_context { let mk_fut = match (err_event, ret_event) {
(Some(err_event), Some(ret_event)) => quote_spanned!(block.span()=> asyncmove { matchasyncmove#block.await { #[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
Ok(x) => { #ret_event;
Ok(x)
},
Err(e) => { #err_event;
Err(e)
}
}
}
),
(Some(err_event), None) => quote_spanned!(block.span()=> asyncmove { matchasyncmove#block.await { #[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
Ok(x) => Ok(x),
Err(e) => { #err_event;
Err(e)
}
}
}
),
(None, Some(ret_event)) => quote_spanned!(block.span()=> asyncmove { let x = asyncmove#block.await; #ret_event;
x
}
),
(None, None) => quote_spanned!(block.span()=> asyncmove#block
),
};
return quote!( let __tracing_attr_span = #span; let __tracing_instrument_future = #mk_fut; if !__tracing_attr_span.is_disabled() { #follows_from
tracing::Instrument::instrument(
__tracing_instrument_future,
__tracing_attr_span
)
.await
} else {
__tracing_instrument_future.await
}
);
}
let span = quote!( // These variables are left uninitialized and initialized only // if the tracing level is statically enabled at this point. // While the tracing level is also checked at span creation // time, that will still create a dummy span, and a dummy guard // and drop the dummy guard later. By lazily initializing these // variables, Rust will generate a drop flag for them and thus // only drop the guard if it was created. This creates code that // is very straightforward for LLVM to optimize out if the tracing // level is statically disabled, while not causing any performance // regression in case the level is enabled. let __tracing_attr_span; let __tracing_attr_guard; if tracing::level_enabled!(#level) {
__tracing_attr_span = #span; #follows_from
__tracing_attr_guard = __tracing_attr_span.enter();
}
);
match (err_event, ret_event) {
(Some(err_event), Some(ret_event)) => quote_spanned! {block.span()=> #span #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_call)] match (move || #block)() { #[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
Ok(x) => { #ret_event;
Ok(x)
},
Err(e) => { #err_event;
Err(e)
}
}
},
(Some(err_event), None) => quote_spanned!(block.span()=> #span #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_call)] match (move || #block)() { #[allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
Ok(x) => Ok(x),
Err(e) => { #err_event;
Err(e)
}
}
),
(None, Some(ret_event)) => quote_spanned!(block.span()=> #span #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_call)] let x = (move || #block)(); #ret_event;
x
),
(None, None) => quote_spanned!(block.span() => // Because `quote` produces a stream of tokens _without_ whitespace, the // `if` and the block will appear directly next to each other. This // generates a clippy lint about suspicious `if/else` formatting. // Therefore, suppress the lint inside the generated code... #[allow(clippy::suspicious_else_formatting)]
{ #span // ...but turn the lint back on inside the function body. #[warn(clippy::suspicious_else_formatting)] #block
}
),
}
}
/// Indicates whether a field should be recorded as `Value` or `Debug`. enum RecordType { /// The field should be recorded using its `Value` implementation.
Value, /// The field should be recorded using `tracing::field::debug()`.
Debug,
}
impl RecordType { /// Array of primitive types which should be recorded as [RecordType::Value]. const TYPES_FOR_VALUE: &'static [&'static str] = &[ "bool", "str", "u8", "i8", "u16", "i16", "u32", "i32", "u64", "i64", "f32", "f64", "usize", "isize", "NonZeroU8", "NonZeroI8", "NonZeroU16", "NonZeroI16", "NonZeroU32", "NonZeroI32", "NonZeroU64", "NonZeroI64", "NonZeroUsize", "NonZeroIsize", "Wrapping",
];
/// Parse `RecordType` from [Type] by looking up /// the [RecordType::TYPES_FOR_VALUE] array. fn parse_from_ty(ty: &Type) -> Self { match ty { Type::Path(TypePath { path, .. }) if path
.segments
.iter()
.last()
.map(|path_segment| { let ident = path_segment.ident.to_string(); Self::TYPES_FOR_VALUE.iter().any(|&t| t == ident)
})
.unwrap_or(false) =>
{
RecordType::Value
} Type::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) => RecordType::parse_from_ty(elem),
_ => RecordType::Debug,
}
}
}
fn param_names(pat: Pat, record_type: RecordType) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Ident, RecordType)>> { match pat {
Pat::Ident(PatIdent { ident, .. }) => Box::new(iter::once((ident, record_type))),
Pat::Reference(PatReference { pat, .. }) => param_names(*pat, record_type), // We can't get the concrete type of fields in the struct/tuple // patterns by using `syn`. e.g. `fn foo(Foo { x, y }: Foo) {}`. // Therefore, the struct/tuple patterns in the arguments will just // always be recorded as `RecordType::Debug`.
Pat::Struct(PatStruct { fields, .. }) => Box::new(
fields
.into_iter()
.flat_map(|FieldPat { pat, .. }| param_names(*pat, RecordType::Debug)),
),
Pat::Tuple(PatTuple { elems, .. }) => Box::new(
elems
.into_iter()
.flat_map(|p| param_names(p, RecordType::Debug)),
),
Pat::TupleStruct(PatTupleStruct { elems, .. }) => Box::new(
elems
.into_iter()
.flat_map(|p| param_names(p, RecordType::Debug)),
),
// The above *should* cover all cases of irrefutable patterns, // but we purposefully don't do any funny business here // (such as panicking) because that would obscure rustc's // much more informative error message.
_ => Box::new(iter::empty()),
}
}
/// The specific async code pattern that was detected enum AsyncKind<'a> { /// Immediately-invoked async fn, as generated by `async-trait <= 0.1.43`: /// `async fn foo<...>(...) {...}; Box::pin(foo<...>(...))`
Function(&'a ItemFn), /// A function returning an async (move) block, optionally `Box::pin`-ed, /// as generated by `async-trait >= 0.1.44`: /// `Box::pin(async move { ... })` Async {
async_expr: &'a ExprAsync,
pinned_box: bool,
},
}
pub(crate) struct AsyncInfo<'block> { // statement that must be patched
source_stmt: &'block Stmt,
kind: AsyncKind<'block>,
self_type: Option<TypePath>,
input: &'block ItemFn,
}
impl<'block> AsyncInfo<'block> { /// Get the AST of the inner function we need to hook, if it looks like a /// manual future implementation. /// /// When we are given a function that returns a (pinned) future containing the /// user logic, it is that (pinned) future that needs to be instrumented. /// Were we to instrument its parent, we would only collect information /// regarding the allocation of that future, and not its own span of execution. /// /// We inspect the block of the function to find if it matches any of the /// following patterns: /// /// - Immediately-invoked async fn, as generated by `async-trait <= 0.1.43`: /// `async fn foo<...>(...) {...}; Box::pin(foo<...>(...))` /// /// - A function returning an async (move) block, optionally `Box::pin`-ed, /// as generated by `async-trait >= 0.1.44`: /// `Box::pin(async move { ... })` /// /// We the return the statement that must be instrumented, along with some /// other information. /// 'gen_body' will then be able to use that information to instrument the /// proper function/future. /// /// (this follows the approach suggested in /// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/45#issuecomment-571245673) pub(crate) fn from_fn(input: &'block ItemFn) -> Option<Self> { // are we in an async context? If yes, this isn't a manual async-like pattern if input.sig.asyncness.is_some() { return None;
}
let block = &input.block;
// list of async functions declared inside the block let inside_funs = block.stmts.iter().filter_map(|stmt| { iflet Stmt::Item(Item::Fn(fun)) = &stmt { // If the function is async, this is a candidate if fun.sig.asyncness.is_some() { return Some((stmt, fun));
}
}
None
});
// last expression of the block: it determines the return value of the // block, this is quite likely a `Box::pin` statement or an async block let (last_expr_stmt, last_expr) = block.stmts.iter().rev().find_map(|stmt| { iflet Stmt::Expr(expr, _semi) = stmt {
Some((stmt, expr))
} else {
None
}
})?;
// is the last expression an async block? iflet Expr::Async(async_expr) = last_expr { return Some(AsyncInfo {
source_stmt: last_expr_stmt,
kind: AsyncKind::Async {
async_expr,
pinned_box: false,
},
self_type: None,
input,
});
}
// is the last expression a function call? let (outside_func, outside_args) = match last_expr {
Expr::Call(ExprCall { func, args, .. }) => (func, args),
_ => return None,
};
// is it a call to `Box::pin()`? let path = match outside_func.as_ref() {
Expr::Path(path) => &path.path,
_ => return None,
}; if !path_to_string(path).ends_with("Box::pin") { return None;
}
// Does the call take an argument? If it doesn't, // it's not gonna compile anyway, but that's no reason // to (try to) perform an out of bounds access if outside_args.is_empty() { return None;
}
// Is the argument to Box::pin an async block that // captures its arguments? iflet Expr::Async(async_expr) = &outside_args[0] { return Some(AsyncInfo {
source_stmt: last_expr_stmt,
kind: AsyncKind::Async {
async_expr,
pinned_box: true,
},
self_type: None,
input,
});
}
// Is the argument to Box::pin a function call itself? let func = match &outside_args[0] {
Expr::Call(ExprCall { func, .. }) => func,
_ => return None,
};
// "stringify" the path of the function called let func_name = match **func {
Expr::Path(ref func_path) => path_to_string(&func_path.path),
_ => return None,
};
// Was that function defined inside of the current block? // If so, retrieve the statement where it was declared and the function itself let (stmt_func_declaration, func) = inside_funs
.into_iter()
.find(|(_, fun)| fun.sig.ident == func_name)?;
// If "_self" is present as an argument, we store its type to be able to rewrite "Self" (the // parameter type) with the type of "_self" letmut self_type = None; for arg in &func.sig.inputs { iflet FnArg::Typed(ty) = arg { iflet Pat::Ident(PatIdent { ref ident, .. }) = *ty.pat { if ident == "_self" { letmut ty = *ty.ty.clone(); // extract the inner type if the argument is "&self" or "&mut self" ifletType::Reference(syn::TypeReference { elem, .. }) = ty {
ty = *elem;
}
let vis = &self.input.vis; let sig = &self.input.sig; let attrs = &self.input.attrs;
Ok(quote!( #(#attrs) * #vis#sig { #(#out_stmts) *
}
)
.into())
}
}
// Return a path as a String fn path_to_string(path: &Path) -> String { use std::fmt::Write; // some heuristic to prevent too many allocations letmut res = String::with_capacity(path.segments.len() * 5); for i in0..path.segments.len() {
write!(&mut res, "{}", path.segments[i].ident)
.expect("writing to a String should never fail"); if i < path.segments.len() - 1 {
res.push_str("::");
}
}
res
}
/// A visitor struct to replace idents and types in some piece /// of code (e.g. the "self" and "Self" tokens in user-supplied /// fields expressions when the function is generated by an old /// version of async-trait). struct IdentAndTypesRenamer<'a> {
types: Vec<(&'a str, TypePath)>,
idents: Vec<(Ident, Ident)>,
}
impl<'a> VisitMut for IdentAndTypesRenamer<'a> { // we deliberately compare strings because we want to ignore the spans // If we apply clippy's lint, the behavior changes #[allow(clippy::cmp_owned)] fn visit_ident_mut(&mutself, id: &mut Ident) { for (old_ident, new_ident) in &self.idents { if id.to_string() == old_ident.to_string() {
*id = new_ident.clone();
}
}
}
fn visit_type_mut(&mutself, ty: &mutType) { for (type_name, new_type) in &self.types { ifletType::Path(TypePath { path, .. }) = ty { if path_to_string(path) == *type_name {
*ty = Type::Path(new_type.clone());
}
}
}
}
}
// A visitor struct that replace an async block by its patched version struct AsyncTraitBlockReplacer<'a> {
block: &'a Block,
patched_block: Block,
}
impl<'a> VisitMut for AsyncTraitBlockReplacer<'a> { fn visit_block_mut(&mutself, i: &mut Block) { if i == self.block {
*i = self.patched_block.clone();
}
}
}
// Replaces any `impl Trait` with `_` so it can be used as the type in // a `let` statement's LHS. struct ImplTraitEraser;
fn erase_impl_trait(ty: &Type) -> Type { letmut ty = ty.clone();
ImplTraitEraser.visit_type_mut(&mut ty);
ty
}
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