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# Test Suite Design
The vast majority
of the test suite
is formed
of HTML pages, which can
be loaded
in a browser
and either programmatically
provide a result
or
provide a
set of steps
to run the test
and obtain the result.
The tests are,
in general, short, cross-platform,
and self-contained,
and should be easy
to run in any browser.
## Test Layout
Most
of the repository
's top-level directories hold tests for specific web
standards.
For [W3C specs](
https://www.w3.org/standards/), these directories
are typically named after the shortname
of the spec (i.e. the name used
for
snapshot publications
under `/TR/`);
for [WHATWG
specs](
https://spec.whatwg.org/), they are typically named after the subdomain
of the spec (i.e. trimming `.spec.whatwg.org`
from the URL);
for other specs,
something deemed sensible
is used. The `css/` directory contains test suites
for [the CSS Working Group
specifications](
https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/current-work).
Within the specification-specific directory there are two common ways
of laying out tests: the first
is a flat
structure which
is sometimes
adopted
for very short specifications; the alternative
is a nested
structure with each subdirectory corresponding
to the id
of a heading
in the specification. The latter provides some implicit metadata about
the part
of a specification being tested according
to its location
in
the filesystem,
and is preferred
for larger specifications.
For example, tests
in HTML
for [
"The History
interface"](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/history.html#the-history-interface)
are located
in `html/browsers/history/the-history-
interface/`.
Many directories also
include files named `META.yml`
and/
or `WEB_FEATURES.yml`.
These files contain test metadata; please refer
to [Out-
of-band
Metadata][metadata]
for more information about their purpose
and format.
Various resources that tests depend
on are
in `common`, `images`, `fonts`,
`media`,
and `resources`.
## Test
Types
Tests
in this project use a few different approaches
to verify expected
behavior. The tests can be classified based
on the way they express
expectations:
* Rendering tests ensure that the browser graphically displays pages as
expected. There are a few different ways this
is done:
* [Reftests][] render two (or more) web pages and combine them with equality
assertions about their rendering (e.g., `A.html`
and `B.html` must render
identically),
run either
by the user switching
between tabs/windows
and
trying
to observe differences
or through [automated
scripts][running-
from-
local-system].
* [Visual tests][visual] display a page where the result is determined either
by a human looking
at it
or by comparing it with a saved screenshot
for
that user agent
on that platform.
* [testharness.js][] tests verify that JavaScript interfaces behave as
expected. They
get their name
from the JavaScript harness that
's used to
execute them.
* [wdspec][] tests are written in Python and test [the WebDriver browser
automation protocol](
https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/)
* [aamtest][] tests are written in Python and test accessibility API mappings,
such
as [Core Accessibility API Mappings](
https://w3c.github.io/core-aam/)
or [HTML Accessibility API Mappings](
https://w3c.github.io/html-aam/).
* [Manual tests][manual] rely on a human to run them and determine their
result.
[reftests]: writing-tests/reftests
[testharness.js]: writing-tests/testharness
[visual]: writing-tests/visual
[manual]: writing-tests/manual
[metadata]: writing-tests/out-
of-band-metadata
[running-
from-
local-system]: running-tests/
from-
local-system
[wdspec]: writing-tests/wdspec
[aamtest]: writing-tests/aamtest