// Installing heapprofd hooks is a multi step process, as outlined below. // // The incremental hooking and a dedicated task thread are used since we cannot // do heavy work within a signal handler, or when blocking a malloc invocation. // // +--->+-------------+------------------+ // | +->+kInitialState+----------------+ | malloc functions are not intercepted in any way. // | | +-------+-----+ | | // | | | HandleHeapprofd | | // | | v Signal() | | // | | +-------+----------------+ | | currently installing the ephemeral hooks. // | | |kInstallingEphemeralHook|<--+ | | // | | +-------+----------------+ | | | // | | | | | | // | | v | | | // | | +-------+---------------+ | | | ephemeral hooks are installed. on the first call to // | | |kEphemeralHookInstalled| | | | malloc these hooks spawn a thread that installs the // | | +-------+---------------+ A B C heapprofd hooks. // | | | MallocInit | | | // | | v HeapprofdHook () | | | // | | +-------+--------------+ | | | first call to malloc happened. the hooks are reset to // | +--|kRemovingEphemeralHook| | | | kInitialState. // | +----------------------+ | | | // | | | | // | | | | // | +---------------+ | | | currently installing the heapprofd hook // | |kInstallingHook|<-----------|-+ | // | +-------+-------+ | | // | | | | // | v | | // | +-------+------+ | | heapprofd hooks are installed. these forward calls to // | |kHookInstalled|-------------+ | malloc / free / etc. to heapprofd_client.so. // | +-------+------+ | // | | DispatchReset() | // | v | // | +-------+---------+ | currently resetting the hooks to default. // |----+kUninstallingHook| | // +-----------------+ | // | // | // +------------------+ | malloc debug / malloc hooks are active. these take // |kIncompatibleHooks+<------------+ precendence over heapprofd, so heapprofd will not get // +------------------+ enabled. this is a terminal state. // // // A) HandleHeapprofdSignal() // B) HeapprofdInstallHooksAtInit() / InitHeapprofd() // C) HeapprofdRememberHookConflict() enum MallocHeapprofdState : uint8_t {
kInitialState,
kInstallingEphemeralHook,
kEphemeralHookInstalled,
kRemovingEphemeralHook,
kInstallingHook,
kHookInstalled,
kUninstallingHook,
kIncompatibleHooks
};
enum ModifyGlobalsMode {
kWithLock, // all calls to MaybeModifyGlobals with kWithLock will serialise. they can fail // due to a concurrent call with kWithoutLock.
kWithoutLock // calls to MaybeModifyGlobals with kWithoutLock do not serialise. they can fail // due to concurrent calls with kWithoutLock or kWithLock.
};
// Provide mutual exclusion so no two threads try to modify the globals at the same time. template <typename Fn> bool MaybeModifyGlobals(ModifyGlobalsMode mode, Fn f) { bool success = false; if (mode == kWithLock) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&gGlobalsMutateLock);
} // As we have grabbed the mutex, the following condition should always hold, except // if we are currently running HandleHeapprofdSignal. if (!atomic_exchange(&gGlobalsMutating, true)) {
f();
success = true;
atomic_store(&gGlobalsMutating, false);
} else {
error_log("%s: heapprofd client: concurrent modification.", getprogname());
} if (mode == kWithLock) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&gGlobalsMutateLock);
} return success;
}
// The handle returned by dlopen when previously loading the heapprofd // hooks. nullptr if shared library has not been already been loaded. static _Atomic (void*) gHeapprofdHandle = nullptr; static _Atomic MallocHeapprofdState gHeapprofdState = kInitialState;
int fd = open("/proc/self/cmdline", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC); if (fd == -1) {
error_log("%s: Failed to open /proc/self/cmdline", getprogname()); returnfalse;
} char cmdline[kMaxCmdlineSize];
ssize_t rd = read(fd, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline) - 1);
close(fd); if (rd == -1) {
error_log("%s: Failed to read /proc/self/cmdline", getprogname()); returnfalse;
}
cmdline[rd] = '\0'; char* first_arg = static_cast<char*>(memchr(cmdline, '\0', rd)); if (first_arg == nullptr) {
error_log("%s: Overflow reading cmdline", getprogname()); returnfalse;
} // For consistency with what we do with Java app cmdlines, trim everything // after the @ sign of the first arg. char* first_at = static_cast<char*>(memchr(cmdline, '@', rd)); if (first_at != nullptr && first_at < first_arg) {
*first_at = '\0';
first_arg = first_at;
}
char* start = static_cast<char*>(memrchr(cmdline, '/', first_arg - cmdline)); if (start == first_arg) { // The first argument ended in a slash.
error_log("%s: cmdline ends in /", getprogname()); returnfalse;
} elseif (start == nullptr) {
start = cmdline;
} else { // Skip the /.
start++;
}
size_t name_size = static_cast<size_t>(first_arg - start); if (name_size >= size - kHeapprofdProgramPropertyPrefixSize) {
error_log("%s: overflow constructing heapprofd property.", getprogname()); returnfalse;
} // + 1 to also copy the trailing null byte.
memcpy(data + kHeapprofdProgramPropertyPrefixSize, start, name_size + 1); returntrue;
}
// Runtime triggering entry-point. Two possible call sites: // * when receiving a profiling signal with a si_value indicating heapprofd. // * when a Zygote child is marking itself as profileable, and there's a // matching profiling request for this process (in which case heapprofd client // is loaded synchronously). // In both cases, the caller is responsible for verifying that the process is // considered profileable.
// Previously installed default dispatch table, if it exists. This is used to // load heapprofd properly when GWP-ASan was already installed. If GWP-ASan was // already installed, heapprofd will take over the dispatch table, but will use // GWP-ASan as the backing dispatch. Writes to this variable is atomically // protected by MaybeModifyGlobals. // Reads are not protected, so this is atomic. We cannot fail the call in // MallocInitHeapprofdHook. static _Atomic (const MallocDispatch*) gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable = nullptr; static MallocDispatch gEphemeralDispatch;
void HandleHeapprofdSignal() { if (atomic_load(&gHeapprofdState) == kIncompatibleHooks) {
error_log("%s: not enabling heapprofd, malloc_debug/malloc_hooks are enabled.", getprogname()); return;
}
// We cannot grab the mutex here, as this is used in a signal handler.
MaybeModifyGlobals(kWithoutLock, [] {
MallocHeapprofdState expected = kInitialState; // If hooks are already installed, we still want to install ephemeral hooks to retrigger // heapprofd client initialization.
MallocHeapprofdState expected2 = kHookInstalled; if (atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&gHeapprofdState, &expected,
kInstallingEphemeralHook)) { const MallocDispatch* default_dispatch = GetDefaultDispatchTable();
// Below, we initialize heapprofd lazily by redirecting libc's malloc() to // call MallocInitHeapprofdHook, which spawns off a thread and initializes // heapprofd. During the short period between now and when heapprofd is // initialized, allocations may need to be serviced. There are three // possible configurations:
if (DispatchIsGwpAsan(default_dispatch)) { // 1. GWP-ASan was installed. We should use GWP-ASan for everything but // malloc() in the interim period before heapprofd is properly // installed. After heapprofd is finished installing, we will use // GWP-ASan as heapprofd's backing allocator to allow heapprofd and // GWP-ASan to coexist.
atomic_store(&gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable, default_dispatch);
gEphemeralDispatch = *default_dispatch;
} else { // Either, // 2. No malloc hooking has been done (heapprofd, GWP-ASan, etc.). In // this case, everything but malloc() should come from the system // allocator. // // or, // // 3. It may be possible at this point in time that heapprofd is // *already* the default dispatch, and when it was initialized there // was no default dispatch installed. As such we don't want to use // heapprofd as the backing store for itself (otherwise infinite // recursion occurs). We will use the system allocator functions. Note: // We've checked that no other malloc interceptors are being used by // validating `gHeapprofdIncompatibleHooks` above, so we don't need to // worry about that case here.
atomic_store(&gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable, nullptr);
gEphemeralDispatch = *NativeAllocatorDispatch();
}
} elseif (expected == kEphemeralHookInstalled) { // Nothing to do here. The ephemeral hook was installed, but // MallocInitHeapprofdHook() was never called. Since the ephemeral hook // is already there, no need to reinstall it. return;
} elseif (atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&gHeapprofdState, &expected2,
kInstallingEphemeralHook)) { // if we still have hook installed, we can reuse the previous // decision. THIS IS REQUIRED FOR CORRECTNESS, because otherwise the // following can happen // 1. Assume DispatchIsGwpAsan(default_dispatch) // 2. This function is ran, sets gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable to // GWP ASan. // 3. The sessions ends, DispatchReset FAILS due to a race. Now // heapprofd hooks are default dispatch. // 4. We re-enter this function later. If we did NOT look at the // previously recorded gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable, we would // incorrectly reach case 3. below. // 5. The session ends, DispatchReset now resets the hooks to the // system allocator. This is incorrect. const MallocDispatch* prev_dispatch =
atomic_load(&gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable);
gEphemeralDispatch = prev_dispatch ? *prev_dispatch : *NativeAllocatorDispatch();
} else {
error_log("%s: heapprofd: failed to transition kInitialState -> kInstallingEphemeralHook. " "current state (possible race): %d", getprogname(), expected2); return;
} // Now, replace the malloc function so that the next call to malloc() will // initialize heapprofd.
gEphemeralDispatch.malloc = MallocInitHeapprofdHook;
// And finally, install these new malloc-family interceptors.
__libc_globals.mutate([](libc_globals* globals) {
atomic_store(&globals->default_dispatch_table, &gEphemeralDispatch); if (!MallocLimitInstalled()) {
atomic_store(&globals->current_dispatch_table, &gEphemeralDispatch);
}
});
atomic_store(&gHeapprofdState, kEphemeralHookInstalled);
}); // Otherwise, we're racing against malloc_limit's enable logic (at most once // per process, and a niche feature). This is highly unlikely, so simply give // up if it does happen.
}
bool HeapprofdShouldLoad() { // First check for heapprofd.enable. If it is set to "all", enable // heapprofd for all processes. Otherwise, check heapprofd.enable.${prog}, // if it is set and not 0, enable heap profiling for this process. char property_value[PROP_VALUE_MAX]; if (__system_property_get(kHeapprofdPropertyEnable, property_value) == 0) { returnfalse;
} if (strcmp(property_value, "all") == 0) { returntrue;
}
void HeapprofdInstallHooksAtInit(libc_globals *globals) { // Before we set the new default_dispatch_table in FinishInstallHooks, save // the previous dispatch table. If DispatchReset() gets called later, we want // to be able to restore the dispatch. We're still under // MaybeModifyGlobals locks at this point.
atomic_store(&gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable, GetDefaultDispatchTable());
MaybeModifyGlobals(kWithoutLock, [globals] {
MallocHeapprofdState expected = kInitialState; if (atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&gHeapprofdState, &expected, kInstallingHook)) {
CommonInstallHooks(globals);
atomic_store(&gHeapprofdState, kHookInstalled);
} else {
error_log("%s: heapprofd: failed to transition kInitialState -> kInstallingHook. " "current state (possible race): %d", getprogname(), expected);
}
});
}
pthread_t thread_id; if (pthread_create(&thread_id, nullptr, InitHeapprofd, nullptr) != 0) {
error_log("%s: heapprofd: failed to pthread_create.", getprogname());
} elseif (pthread_setname_np(thread_id, "heapprofdinit") != 0) {
error_log("%s: heapprod: failed to pthread_setname_np", getprogname());
} elseif (pthread_detach(thread_id) != 0) {
error_log("%s: heapprofd: failed to pthread_detach", getprogname());
}
} else {
warning_log("%s: heapprofd: could not transition kEphemeralHookInstalled -> " "kRemovingEphemeralHook. current state (possible race): %d. this can be benign " "if two threads try this transition at the same time", getprogname(),
expected);
}
}); // If we had a previous dispatch table, use that to service the allocation, // otherwise fall back to the native allocator. // This could be modified by a concurrent HandleHeapprofdSignal, but that is // benign as we will dispatch to the ephemeral handler, which will then dispatch // to the underlying one. const MallocDispatch* previous_dispatch = atomic_load(&gPreviousDefaultDispatchTable); if (previous_dispatch) { return previous_dispatch->malloc(bytes);
} return NativeAllocatorDispatch()->malloc(bytes);
}
bool HeapprofdInitZygoteChildProfiling() { // Conditionally start "from startup" profiling. if (HeapprofdShouldLoad()) { // Directly call the signal handler codepath (properly protects against // concurrent invocations).
HandleHeapprofdSignal();
} returntrue;
}
staticbool DispatchReset() { if (atomic_load(&gHeapprofdState) == kInitialState) { returntrue;
}
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